Taoiseach#Origins and etymology

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Under the Constitution of Ireland, the Taoiseach is nominated by a simple majority of the voting members of Dáil Éireann.Constitution of Ireland, Article 13.1.2°. He or she is then formally appointed to office by the President, who is required to appoint whomever the Dáil designates, without the option of declining to make the appointment. For this reason, the Taoiseach may informally be said to have been "elected" by Dáil Éireann.

If the Taoiseach loses the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann, he or she is not automatically removed from office. Instead, he or she is compelled either to resign or to persuade the President to dissolve the Dáil and call new elections. If the President "in his absolute discretion" refuses to grant a dissolution, this effectively forces the Taoiseach to resign. To date, no President has ever refused a dissolution, although the option to exercise this prerogative arose in 1944 and 1994, and twice in 1982. The Taoiseach may lose the support of Dáil Éireann by the passage of a vote of no confidence, or implicitly, through the failure of a vote of confidence. Alternatively, the Dáil may refuse supply.{{efn|The Dáil refused supply in January 1982, when the then Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition government of Garret FitzGerald lost a vote on the budget.{{Cite web |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/elections2007/history80s.html |title=RTE Election 2007 |website=RTÉ |access-date=2 June 2008 |archive-date=10 May 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070510023531/http://www.rte.ie/news/elections2007/history80s.html |url-status=live }}}} In the event of the Taoiseach's resignation, he or she continues to exercise the duties and functions of office until the appointment of a successor.

The Taoiseach nominates the remaining members of the Government, who are then, with the consent of the Dáil, appointed by the President. The Taoiseach may advise the President to dismiss cabinet ministers from office; which the President does not have discretion on. The Taoiseach is responsible for appointing eleven members of the sixty members of the Seanad.

The Department of the Taoiseach is the government department which supports and advises the Taoiseach in carrying out his or her various duties. The Taoiseach is assisted by one or more Ministers of State at the Department of the Taoiseach, one of whom is the Government Chief Whip.

The Taoiseach's salary is €248,773, as of 1 March 2025.{{cite web|url=https://politicalsalaries.com/leaders/|title=PoliticalSalaries.com - World leaders|access-date=23 March 2025}}

The Taoiseach's salary was cut from €214,187 to €200,000 when Enda Kenny took office in 2011 before being cut further to €185,350 under the Haddington Road Agreement in 2013.

A proposed increase of €38,000 in 2007 was deferred when Brian Cowen became Taoiseach{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2007/1025/politics.html|title=Taoiseach to receive €38k pay rise|publisher=RTÉ News|date=25 October 2007|access-date=25 October 2007|archive-date=27 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027035252/http://www.rte.ie/news/2007/1025/politics.html|url-status=live}} and in October 2008, the government announced a 10% salary cut for all ministers, including the Taoiseach.{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/1015/budget.html|title=Sharp exchanges in Dáil over Budget|publisher=RTÉ News|date=15 October 2008|access-date=29 January 2009|archive-date=14 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214034034/http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/1015/budget.html|url-status=live}} However this was a voluntary cut and the salaries remained nominally the same with both ministers and Taoiseach essentially refusing 10% of their salary. This caused controversy in December 2009 when a salary cut of 20% was based on the higher figure before the refused amount was deducted.{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/budget/comment-reaction/opposition-says-lenihans-salary-cuts-do-not-add-up-1969628.html|title=Opposition says Lenihan's salary cuts do not add up|first=Fiach |last=Kelly|work=Irish Independent|date=10 December 2009|access-date=29 December 2009|archive-date=23 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223025956/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/budget/comment-reaction/opposition-says-lenihans-salary-cuts-do-not-add-up-1969628.html}} The Taoiseach is also allowed an additional €118,981 in annual expenses.

There is no official residence of the Taoiseach. In 2008 it was reported speculatively that the former Steward's Lodge at Farmleigh adjoining the Phoenix Park would become the official residence of the Taoiseach. However, no official statements were made nor any action taken.{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/opulent-phoenix-park-lodge-is--set-to-become-fortress-cowen-1378987.html|title=Opulent Phoenix Park lodge is set to become 'Fortress Cowen'|first=Ronald|last=Quinlan|work=Irish Independent|date=18 May 2008|access-date=18 May 2008|archive-date=21 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521055535/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/opulent-phoenix-park-lodge-is--set-to-become-fortress-cowen-1378987.html}} The house, which forms part of the Farmleigh estate acquired by the State in 1999 for €29.2 million, was renovated at a cost of nearly €600,000 in 2005 by the Office of Public Works. Former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern did not use it as a residence, but his successor Brian Cowen used it occasionally,{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/0129/1232923372778.html|title=Cowen questioned on use of Farmleigh|first=Michael |last=O'Regan|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=29 January 2009|access-date=29 January 2009|archive-date=18 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118220220/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/0129/1232923372778.html}} as did later Taoisigh Enda Kenny and Leo Varadkar, who each paid €50 per night for the use of the house to avoid benefit-in-kind tax being levied on them for use of the house as a grace and favour mansion.{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2023/09/03/over-87000-spent-upgrading-underused-stewards-lodge-in-dublins-phoenix-park/|title=Over €87,000 spent upgrading underused Steward's Lodge in Dublin's Phoenix Park|first=Colin|last=Coyle|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=3 September 2023|access-date=19 September 2023|archive-date=18 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118201101/https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2023/09/03/over-87000-spent-upgrading-underused-stewards-lodge-in-dublins-phoenix-park/|url-status=live}}

"{{lang|ga|Mór Chluana}}" ("More of Cloyne") is a traditional air collected by Patrick Weston Joyce in 1873.{{cite web |url=http://source.pipers.ie/Media.aspx?mediaId=24396&categoryId=907 |title=P. W. Joyce: Ancient Irish Music » 47 – Mór Chluana |publisher=Na Píobairí Uilleann |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221065107/http://source.pipers.ie/Media.aspx?mediaId=24396&categoryId=907 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=260 |title=Joyce, Patrick Weston (1827–1914) |work=Ainm.ie |publisher=Cló Iar-Chonnacht |language=Irish |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=20 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220180149/http://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=260 |url-status=live }} "Amhrán Dóchais" ("Song of Hope") is a poem written by Osborn Bergin in 1913.{{cite book |last=Ó Cuív |first=Brian |author-link=Brian Ó Cuív |editor=W. E. Vaughan |title=Ireland Under the Union, 1870–1921 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYNeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 |access-date=3 February 2014 |series=A New History of Ireland |volume=VI |date=1 April 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199583744 |page=425 |chapter=Irish language and literature, 1845–1921 |archive-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627122510/http://books.google.com/books?id=pYNeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 |url-status=live }} John A. Costello chose the air as his musical salute. The salute is played by army bands on the arrival of the Taoiseach at state ceremonies. Though the salute is often called "{{lang|ga|Amhrán Dóchais}}", Brian Ó Cuív argued "{{lang|ga|Mór Chluana}}" is the correct title.{{cite web |url=https://www.cmc.ie/music/amhran-dochais |title=Amhrán Dóchais |publisher=Contemporary Music Centre |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020063853/https://www.cmc.ie/music/amhran-dochais |url-status=live }}

The words {{lang|ga|Taoiseach}} and {{lang|ga|Tánaiste}} (deputy prime minister) are both from the Irish language and of ancient origin. Though the Taoiseach is described in the Constitution of Ireland as "the head of the Government or Prime Minister",{{efn|Article 13.1.1° and Article 28.5.1° of the Constitution of Ireland. The latter provision reads: "The head of the Government, or Prime Minister, shall be called, and is in this Constitution referred to as, the Taoiseach."{{cite web |title=Constitution of Ireland |url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#article28_5_1 |website=Irish Statute Book}}|name="ConstitIrl"}} its literal translation is {{gloss|chieftain}} or {{gloss|leader}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/School%20Pack.pdf|title=Youth Zone School Pack|work=Department of the Taoiseach|access-date=23 June 2010|archive-date=2 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202192318/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/School%20Pack.pdf|url-status=live}} Although Éamon de Valera, who introduced the title in 1937, was a democratic politician who had in the past associated with paramilitaries, some have remarked that the meaning {{gloss|leader}} in 1937 made the title similar to the titles of fascist dictators of the time, such as {{lang|de|Führer}} (for Adolf Hitler), {{lang|it|Duce}} (for Benito Mussolini) and {{lang|es|Caudillo}} (for Francisco Franco).{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/wt-became-the-most-ruthless-of-them-all-26621462.html |title=WT became the most ruthless of them all |newspaper=Irish Independent |first=John-Paul |last=McCarthy |date=10 January 2010 |access-date=22 November 2016 |quote=While Taoiseach itself carried with it some initially unpleasant assonances with Caudillo, Fuhrer and Duce, all but one of the 12 men who wielded the prime ministerial sceptre have managed to keep their megalomaniacal tendencies in check. |archive-date=22 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122223743/http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/wt-became-the-most-ruthless-of-them-all-26621462.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOdQAQAAMAAJ&q=Taoiseach+Fuhrer+Duce+Caudillo |title=Great Gaels: Ireland at Peace in a World at War |first=Martin|last=Quigley |page=18 |date=1944 |access-date=22 November 2016 |quote=Eamon de Valera is {{lang|ga|An Taoiseach}} or "boss Gael." That title goes considerably beyond the English "prime minister" or the American "president." It is the Gaelic equivalent of the German "{{lang|de|Fuehrer}}," the Italian "{{lang|it|Duce}}" and the Spanish "{{lang|es|Caudillo}}."  |archive-date=12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123429/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOdQAQAAMAAJ&q=Taoiseach+Fuhrer+Duce+Caudillo |url-status=live }} Published in New York, 1944 (publisher not identified); Original from University of Minnesota; Digitised 6 May 2016{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-YWAAAAIAAJ&q=Fuhrer+Duce+Caudillo |title=Administration – Volume 18 |publisher=IPA |page=153 |date=1970 |access-date=22 November 2016 |quote=... and let alone the names of the Prime Minister (the Taoiseach, a word that is related to Duce, Fuhrer, and Caudillo) (translated from the original Irish: ... {{lang|ga|agus fiú amháin ainmeacha [sic] an Phríomh-Aire (An Taoiseach, focal go bhfuil gaol aige le Duce, Fuhrer, agus Caudillo)}} |archive-date=12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123429/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-YWAAAAIAAJ&q=Fuhrer+Duce+Caudillo |url-status=live }}Original from the University of California; Digitised 6 December 2006 {{lang|ga|Tánaiste}}, in turn, refers to the system of tanistry, the Gaelic system of succession whereby a leader would appoint an heir apparent while still living.

In Scottish Gaelic, {{lang|gd|tòiseach}} translates as 'clan chief' and both words originally had similar meanings in the Gaelic languages of Scotland and Ireland.{{efn|name=BookCawdor|{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFwJAAAAIAAJ |title=The book of the thanes of Cawdor: a series of papers selected from the charter room at Cawdor. 1236–1742, Volume 1236, Issue 1742 |publisher=Spalding Club |author=John Frederick Vaughan Campbell Cawdor |editor-first=Innes |editor-last=Cosmo |year=1742 |page=xiii |access-date=23 June 2013 |quote=As we cannot name the first Celtic chieftain who consented to change his style of Toshach and his patriarchal sway for the title and stability of King's Thane of Cawdor, so it is impossible to fix the precise time when their ancient property and offices were acquired. }}}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywZuLEa6oxsC&pg=PA32 |title=Scotland Under Her Early Kings: A History of the Kingdom to the Close of the Thirteenth Century Part One |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |first=E. William |last=Robertson |date=2004 |page=32 |isbn=9781417946075 |access-date=28 June 2013 |archive-date=12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123430/https://books.google.com/books?id=ywZuLEa6oxsC&pg=PA32 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=4336&startset=43732115&dtext=snd&query=TOISEACH |title=DSL – SND1 TOISEACH |access-date=27 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232058/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=4336&startset=43732115&dtext=snd&query=TOISEACH |archive-date=2 December 2013 }}{{efn|{{cite news |url=http://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails.aspx?ref=4140 |title=Tartan Details – Toshach |publisher=Scottish Register of Tartans |access-date=27 June 2013 |url-status=dead |quote=Toshach is an early Celtic title given to minor territorial chiefs in Scotland (note Eire Prime Minister's official title is this). |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222652/http://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails.aspx?ref=4140 |archive-date=2 December 2013 }}}} The related Welsh language word {{lang|cy|tywysog}} (current meaning: 'prince') has a similar origin and meaning.{{efn|name=Celtic_Culture|{{citation|title=Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia |author=John Thomas Koch |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2006 |isbn=1851094407 |page=1062 |quote=An early word meaning 'leader' appears on a 5th- or 6th-century inscribed stone as both ogam Irish and British genitive TOVISACI: {{lang|cy|tywysog}} now means 'prince' in Welsh, the regular descriptive title used for Prince Charles, for example; while in Ireland, the corresponding {{lang|ga|Taoiseach}} is now the correct title, in both Irish and English, for the Prime Minister of the Irish Republic (Éire).}}}} It is hypothesised that both derive ultimately from the proto-Celtic {{lang|cel-x-proto|*towissākos}} 'chieftain, leader'.{{cite journal |last=Sims-Williams |first=Patrick |date=Summer 1992 |title=The Additional Letters of the Ogam Alphabet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVopAQAAMAAJ&q=%22medieval+celtic+studies%22+towiss%C4%81kos |journal=Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies |volume=23 |page=48 |access-date=11 December 2022 |archive-date=12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123431/https://books.google.com/books?id=y9xQAQAAIAAJ&q=towissakos |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AncKAQAAMAAJ&q=towiss%C4%81kos |title=Language |first1=George Melville |last1=Bolling |first2=Bernard |last2=Bloch |date=27 June 1968 |publisher=Linguistic Society of America |via=Google Books |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123431/https://books.google.com/books?id=AncKAQAAMAAJ&q=towiss%C4%81kos |url-status=live }}

The plural of {{lang|ga|taoiseach}} is {{lang|ga|taoisigh}} (Northern and Western {{IPA|ga|ˈt̪ˠiːʃiː|lang}}, Southern: {{IPA|ga|ˈt̪ˠiːʃɪɟ|}}).

Although the Irish form {{lang|ga|An Taoiseach}} is sometimes used in English instead of 'the Taoiseach',{{cite web|url=http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/News/Taoiseach's_Press_Releases/Statement_by_An_Taoiseach_on_the_death_of_Cardinal_Desmond_Connell.html|title=Statement by An Taoiseach on the death of Cardinal Desmond Connell|publisher=Department of the Taoiseach|date=9 February 2017|access-date=5 March 2017|quote=The Taoiseach has learnt with regret …|archive-date=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406113821/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/News/Taoiseach%27s_Press_Releases/Statement_by_An_Taoiseach_on_the_death_of_Cardinal_Desmond_Connell.html|url-status=live}} the English version of the Constitution states that they "shall be called … the Taoiseach".{{efn|name="ConstitIrl"}}

In 1937 when the draft Constitution of Ireland was being debated in the Dáil, Frank MacDermot, an opposition politician, moved an amendment to substitute "Prime Minister" for the proposed "Taoiseach" title in the English text of the Constitution. It was proposed to keep the "Taoiseach" title in the Irish language text. The proponent remarked:[https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1937-05-26/20/ Frank Mr. MacDermot of the National Centre Party – Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste (Ath-thógaint) – Wednesday, 26 May 1937; Dáil Éireann Debate Vol. 67 No. 9] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122141908/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1937-05-26/ |date=22 November 2018 }}.

{{blockquote|It seems to me to be mere make-believe to try to incorporate a word like "Taoiseach" in the English language. It would be pronounced wrongly by 99 percent of the people. I have already ascertained it is a very difficult word to pronounce correctly. That being so, even for the sake of the dignity of the Irish language, it would be more sensible that when speaking English we should be allowed to refer to the gentleman in question as the Prime Minister... It is just one more example of the sort of things that are being done here as if for the purpose of putting off the people in the North. No useful purpose of any kind can be served by compelling us, when speaking English, to refer to An Taoiseach rather than to the Prime Minister.}}

The President of the Executive Council, Éamon de Valera, gave the term's meaning as "chieftain" or "Captain". He said he was "not disposed" to support the proposed amendment and felt the word "Taoiseach" did not need to be changed. The proposed amendment was defeated on a vote and "Taoiseach" was included as the title ultimately adopted by plebiscite of the people.{{cite web |title=Bunreacht na hEireann (Dréacht)—Coiste (Ath-thógaint) – Dáil Éireann (8th Dáil) – Vol. 67 No. 9 |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1937-05-26/speech/225/ |website=Oireachtas Debates |date=26 May 1937}}

File:Dublin Dept Taoiseach.jpg at Government Buildings, Merrion Street, Dublin]]

The modern position of Taoiseach was established by the 1937 Constitution of Ireland and is the most powerful role in Irish politics. The office replaced the position of President of the Executive Council of the 1922–1937 Irish Free State.

The positions of Taoiseach and President of the Executive Council differed in certain fundamental respects. Under the Constitution of the Irish Free State, the latter was vested with considerably less power and was largely just the chairman of the cabinet, the Executive Council. For example, the President of the Executive Council could not dismiss a fellow minister on his own authority. Instead, the Executive Council had to be disbanded and reformed entirely to remove a member. The President of the Executive Council also did not have the right to advise the Governor-General to dissolve Dáil Éireann on his own authority, that power belonging collectively to the Executive Council.

In contrast, the Taoiseach created in 1937 possesses a much more powerful role. The holder of the position can both advise the President to dismiss ministers and dissolve Parliament on his own authority—advice that the President is almost always required to follow by convention.{{efn|Notable ministerial dismissals include those of Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney during the Arms Crisis in 1970, Brian Lenihan in 1990, Albert Reynolds, Pádraig Flynn and Máire Geoghegan-Quinn in 1991, and Barry Cowen in 2020.}} His role is greatly enhanced because, under the Constitution, he is both {{lang|la|de jure}} and {{lang|la|de facto}} chief executive. In most other parliamentary democracies, the head of state is at least the nominal chief executive, while being bound by convention to act on the advice of the cabinet. In Ireland, however, executive power is explicitly vested in the Government, of which the Taoiseach is the leader.

Since the Taoiseach is the head of government, and may remove ministers at will, many of the powers specified, in law or the constitution, to be exercised by the government as a collective body, are in reality at the will of the Taoiseach. The Government almost always backs the Taoiseach in major decisions, and in many cases often merely formalises that decision at a subsequent meeting after it has already been announced. Nevertheless, the need for collective decision-making on paper acts as a safeguard against an unwise decision made by the Taoiseach.

Generally, where there have been multi-party or coalition governments, the Taoiseach has been the leader of the largest party in the coalition. One exception to this was John A. Costello, who was not the leader of his party, but an agreed choice to head the government, because the other parties refused to accept then Fine Gael leader Richard Mulcahy as Taoiseach. In 2011 Taoiseach Brian Cowen, resigned as party leader and was succeeded by Micheál Martin, but continued as Taoiseach until the formation of a new government following a general election.

Following the 2020 election, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael entered coalition together for the first time. The two agreed to rotate the role of Taoiseach, with Micheál Martin going first before being replaced by Leo Varadkar, and later Simon Harris, of the smaller Fine Gael party.{{cite web | url=https://dcubrexitinstitute.eu/2022/12/a-rotating-taoiseach-and-the-future-of-irish-politics/ | title=A Rotating Taoiseach and the future of Irish politics - Brexit Institute | date=20 December 2022 }} The two parties opted to continue this rotating role after the 2024 election.{{cite web | url=https://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/harris-says-government-formation-talks-approaching-landing-zone-1715120.html | title=Harris confirms rotating Taoiseach arrangement will be part of next government | date=7 January 2025 }}

{{main|Irish heads of government since 1919|Records of Irish heads of government since 1922}}

Before the enactment of the 1937 Constitution, the head of government was the President of the Executive Council. This office was held by W. T. Cosgrave of Cumann na nGaedheal from 1922 to 1932, and by Éamon de Valera of Fianna Fáil from 1932 to 1937. By convention, Taoisigh are numbered to include Cosgrave;{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/9feb2a-former-taoisigh/|title=Former Taoisigh|website=Government of Ireland|date=November 2018 |access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304162522/https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/9feb2a-former-taoisigh/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2008/0507/breaking7.htm|title=Coughlan new Tánaiste in Cowen Cabinet|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=17 May 2008|access-date=17 May 2008|archive-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123432/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/coughlan-new-t%C3%A1naiste-in-cowen-cabinet-1.822339}}{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0507/fiannafail.html|title=Taoiseach reveals new front bench|publisher=RTÉ News|date=7 May 2008|access-date=17 May 2008|archive-date=10 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510112700/http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0507/fiannafail.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/mhgbausnidau/|title=Cowen confirmed as Taoiseach|work=BreakingNews.ie|date=7 May 2008|access-date=17 May 2008|archive-date=10 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510161334/http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/mhgbausnidau/}} therefore, Micheál Martin is considered the 15th Taoiseach, not the 14th.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

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!{{Abbr|No.|Number}}

!Portrait

!width=20% |Name
{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
Constituency

!colspan=2 width=15% |Term of office

!Party

!colspan=2 width=20% |Exec. Council
{{small|Composition}}

!colspan=2 width=15% |Vice President

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(elected)

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!style="background:{{party color|Cumann na nGaedheal}}; color:white;" rowspan=5 |1

|rowspan=5 |{{CSS image crop|Image =William Thomas Cosgrave.jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|rowspan=5 |W. T. Cosgrave
{{small|(1880–1965)
TD for Carlow–Kilkenny until 1927
TD for Cork Borough from 1927}}

|rowspan=5 |{{small|6 December}}
1922{{efn|Cosgrave was Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State from 22 August 1922, during the transitional period before the state became officially independent on 6 December 1922 (See Irish heads of government since 1919). |name="CosgravePreIndependence"}}

|rowspan=5 |{{small|9 March}}
1932

|History of Sinn Féin#Treaty and Civil War

|1st

|{{small|SF (PT) (minority)}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Cumann na nGaedheal}}" rowspan=5 |

|rowspan=2 |Kevin O'Higgins

|3 {{small|(1922)}}

|-

|rowspan=4 |Cumann na nGaedheal

|2nd

|rowspan=4 |{{small|CnG (minority)}}

|4 {{small|(1923)}}

|-

|3rd

|rowspan=3 |Ernest Blythe

|5 {{small|(Jun.1927)}}

|-

|4th

|rowspan=2 |6 {{small|(Sep.1927)}}

|-

|5th

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" rowspan=3 |2

|rowspan=3 |{{CSS image crop|Image =Éamon de Valera.jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|rowspan=3 |Éamon de Valera
{{small|(1882–1975)
TD for Clare}}

|rowspan=3 |{{small|9 March}}
1932{{efn|De Valera was President of Dáil Éireann in the pre-independence revolutionary Irish Government from 1 April 1919 to 9 January 1922 (See Irish heads of government since 1919).|name="DeValeraPreIndependence"}}

|rowspan=3 |{{small|29 December}}
1937

|rowspan=3 |Fianna Fáil

|6th

|rowspan=3 |{{small|FF (minority)}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" rowspan=3 |

|rowspan=3 |Seán T. O'Kelly

|7 {{small|(1932)}}

|-

|7th

|8 {{small|(1933)}}

|-

|8th

|9 {{small|(1937)}}

|-

|colspan=11 |

|-

!{{Abbr|No.|Number}}

!Portrait

!width=20% |Name
{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
Constituency

!colspan=2 width=15% |Term of office

!Party

!colspan=2 width=20% |Government
{{small|Composition}}

!colspan=2 width=15% |Tánaiste

!Dáil
(elected)

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" rowspan=4 |{{small|(2)}}

|rowspan=4 |{{CSS image crop|Image =Éamon de Valera.jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|rowspan=4 |Éamon de Valera
{{small|(1882–1975)
TD for Clare}}

|rowspan=4 |{{small|29 December}}
1937

|rowspan=4 |{{small|18 February}}
1948

|rowspan=4 |Fianna Fáil

|1st

|{{small|FF (minority)}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" rowspan=3 |

|rowspan=3 |Seán T. O'Kelly

|9 {{small|( ···· )}}

|-

|2nd

|{{small|FF}}

|10 {{small|(1938)}}

|-

|3rd

|{{small|FF (minority)}}

|11 {{small|(1943)}}

|-

|4th

|{{small|FF}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|Seán Lemass

|12 {{small|(1944)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" |3

|{{CSS image crop|Image =John A. Costello, 1948.png|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|John A. Costello
{{small|(1891–1976)
TD for Dublin South-East}}

|{{small|18 February}}
1948

|{{small|13 June}}
1951

|Fine Gael

|5th

|{{small|FG–Lab–CnP–CnT–NL–Ind}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (Ireland)}}" |

|William Norton

|13 {{small|(1948)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" |{{small|(2)}}

|{{CSS image crop|Image =Éamon de Valera.jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|Éamon de Valera
{{small|(1882–1975)
TD for Clare}}

|{{small|13 June}}
1951

|{{small|2 June}}
1954

|Fianna Fáil

|6th

|{{small|FF (minority)}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|Seán Lemass

|14 {{small|(1951)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" |{{small|(3)}}

|{{CSS image crop|Image =John A. Costello, 1948.png|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|John A. Costello
{{small|(1891–1976)
TD for Dublin South-East}}

|{{small|2 June}}
1954

|{{small|20 March}}
1957

|Fine Gael

|7th

|{{small|FG–Lab–CnT}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (Ireland)}}" |

|William Norton

|15 {{small|(1954)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" |{{small|(2)}}

|{{CSS image crop|Image =Éamon de Valera.jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|Éamon de Valera
{{small|(1882–1975)
TD for Clare}}

|{{small|20 March}}
1957

|{{small|23 June}}
1959

|Fianna Fáil

|8th

|{{small|FF}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|Seán Lemass

|rowspan=2 |16 {{small|(1957)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" rowspan=3 |4

|rowspan=3 |{{CSS image crop|Image =Seán Lemass, 1966.jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|rowspan=3 |Seán Lemass
{{small|(1899–1971)
TD for Dublin South-Central}}

|rowspan=3 |{{small|23 June}}
1959

|rowspan=3 |{{small|10 November}}
1966

|rowspan=3 |Fianna Fáil

|9th

|{{small|FF}}

|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|rowspan=2 |Seán MacEntee

|-

|10th

|{{small|FF (minority)}}

|17 {{small|(1961)}}

|-

|11th

|{{small|FF}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" rowspan="2" |

|rowspan=2 |Frank Aiken

|rowspan=2 |18 {{small|(1965)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" rowspan=2 |5

|rowspan=2 |{{CSS image crop|Image =Jack Lynch, 1972 (cropped).jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|rowspan=2 |Jack Lynch
{{small|(1917–1999)
TD for Cork Borough until 1969
TD for Cork City North-West from 1969}}

|rowspan=2 |{{small|10 November}}
1966

|rowspan=2 |{{small|14 March}}
1973

|rowspan=2 |Fianna Fáil

|12th

|{{small|FF}}

|-

|13th

|{{small|FF}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|Erskine H. Childers

|19 {{small|(1969)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" |6

|{{CSS image crop|Image =Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave-Patricks Day 1976.jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|Liam Cosgrave
{{small|(1920–2017)
TD for Dún Laoghaire and Rathdown}}

|{{small|14 March}}
1973

|{{small|5 July}}
1977

|Fine Gael

|14th

|{{small|FG–Lab}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (Ireland)}}" |

|Brendan Corish

|20 {{small|(1973)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" |{{small|(5)}}

|{{CSS image crop|Image =Jack Lynch, 1972 (cropped).jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|Jack Lynch
{{small|(1917–1999)
TD for Cork City}}

|{{small|5 July}}
1977

|{{small|11 December}}
1979

|Fianna Fáil

|15th

|{{small|FF}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" rowspan="2" |

|rowspan=2 |George Colley

|rowspan=2 |21 {{small|(1977)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" |7

|{{CSS image crop|Image =Charles Haughey 1989 (headshot).png|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|Charles Haughey
{{small|(1925–2006)
TD for Dublin Artane}}

|{{small|11 December}}
1979

|{{small|30 June}}
1981

|Fianna Fáil

|16th

|{{small|FF}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" |8

|{{CSS image crop|Image =Garret FitzGerald 1975 (cropped).jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|Garret FitzGerald
{{small|(1926–2011)
TD for Dublin South-East}}

|{{small|30 June}}
1981

|{{small|9 March}}
1982

|Fine Gael

|17th

|{{small|FG–Lab (minority)}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (Ireland)}}" |

|Michael O'Leary

|22 {{small|(1981)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" |{{small|(7)}}

|{{CSS image crop|Image =Charles Haughey 1989 (headshot).png|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|Charles Haughey
{{small|(1925–2006)
TD for Dublin North-Central}}

|{{small|9 March}}
1982

|{{small|14 December}}
1982

|Fianna Fáil

|18th

|{{small|FF (minority)}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|Ray MacSharry

|23 {{small|(Feb.1982)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" rowspan=2 |{{small|(8)}}

|rowspan=2 |{{CSS image crop|Image =Garret FitzGerald 1975 (cropped).jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|rowspan=2 |Garret FitzGerald
{{small|(1926–2011)
TD for Dublin South-East}}

|rowspan=2 |{{small|14 December}}
1982

|rowspan=2 |{{small|10 March}}
1987

|rowspan=2 |Fine Gael

|rowspan=2 |19th

|rowspan=2 |{{small|FG–Lab
FG (minority) from Jan 1987}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (Ireland)}}" |

|Dick Spring

|rowspan=2 |24 {{small|(Nov.1982)}}

|-

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fine Gael}}" |

|Peter Barry

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" rowspan=3 |{{small|(7)}}

|rowspan=3 |{{CSS image crop|Image =Charles Haughey 1989 (headshot).png|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|rowspan=3 |Charles Haughey
{{small|(1925–2006)
TD for Dublin North-Central}}

|rowspan=3 |{{small|10 March}}
1987

|rowspan=3 |{{small|11 February}}
1992

|rowspan=3 |Fianna Fáil

|20th

|{{small|FF (minority)}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" rowspan="2" |

|rowspan=2 |Brian Lenihan

|25 {{small|(1987)}}

|-

|rowspan=2 |21st

|rowspan=2 |{{small|FF–PD}}

|rowspan=3 |26 {{small|(1989)}}

|-

|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|rowspan=2 |John Wilson

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" rowspan=3 |9

|rowspan=3 |{{CSS image crop|Image =Albert Reynolds (cropped).jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|rowspan=3 |Albert Reynolds
{{small|(1932–2014)
TD for Longford–Roscommon}}

|rowspan=3 |{{small|11 February}}
1992

|rowspan=3 |{{small|15 December}}
1994

|rowspan=3 |Fianna Fáil

|22nd

|{{small|FF–PD
FF (minority) from Nov 1992}}

|-

|rowspan=2 |23rd

|rowspan=2 |{{small|FF–Lab
FF (minority) from Nov 1994}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (Ireland)}}" |

|Dick Spring

|rowspan=3 |27 {{small|(1992)}}

|-

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|Bertie Ahern

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" |10

|{{CSS image crop|Image =John Bruton, February 2002 (cropped 02).jpg|bSize = 60|cWidth = 60|cHeight = 80|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}

|John Bruton
{{small|(1947–2024)
TD for Meath}}

|{{small|15 December}}
1994

|{{small|26 June}}
1997

|Fine Gael

|24th

|{{small|FG–Lab–DL}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (Ireland)}}" |

|Dick Spring

|-

!rowspan=4 style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" |11

|rowspan=4 |{{CSS image crop|Image=Bertie Ahern 2006 (cropped).jpg|bSize=60|cWidth=60|cHeight=80|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}

|rowspan=4 |Bertie Ahern
{{small|(b. 1951)
TD for Dublin Central}}

|rowspan=4 |{{small|26 June}}
1997

|rowspan=4 |{{small|7 May}}
2008

|rowspan=4 |Fianna Fáil

|25th

|{{small|FF–PD (minority)}}

|rowspan=3 style="background-color: {{party color|Progressive Democrats}}" |

|rowspan=2 |Mary Harney

|28 {{small|(1997)}}

|-

|rowspan=2 |26th

|rowspan=2 |{{small|FF–PD}}

|rowspan=2 |29 {{small|(2002)}}

|-

|Michael McDowell

|-

|27th

|{{small|FF–Green–PD}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|Brian Cowen

|rowspan=2 |30 {{small|(2007)}}

|-

!style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" |12

|{{CSS image crop|Image=Brian Cowen, June 2010 (cropped).jpg|bSize=60|cWidth=60|cHeight=80|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}

|Brian Cowen
{{small|(b. 1960)
TD for Laois–Offaly}}

|{{small|7 May}}
2008

|{{small|9 March}}
2011

|Fianna Fáil

|28th

|{{small|FF–Green–PD
FF–Green–Ind from Nov 2009
FF (minority) from Jan 2011}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|Mary Coughlan

|-

!rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" |13

|rowspan=3 |{{CSS image crop|Image=Enda Kenny EPP 2014 (cropped).jpg|bSize=60|cWidth=60|cHeight=80|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}

|rowspan=3 |Enda Kenny
{{small|(b. 1951)
TD for Mayo}}

|rowspan=3 |{{small|9 March}}
2011

|rowspan=3 |{{small|14 June}}
2017{{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2017/0613/882267-enda-kenny/|title=Kenny's farewell: 'This has never been about me'|date=13 June 2017|publisher=RTÉ News|access-date=14 June 2017|archive-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613035137/https://www.rte.ie/news/2017/0613/882267-enda-kenny/|url-status=live}}

|rowspan=3 |Fine Gael

|rowspan=2 |29th

|rowspan=2 |{{small|FG–Lab}}

|style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (Ireland)}}" |

|Eamon Gilmore

|rowspan=2 |31 {{small|(2011)}}

|-

|style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (Ireland)}}" |

|Joan Burton

|-

|30th

|{{small|FG–Ind (minority)}}

| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Fine Gael}}" |

|rowspan=2|Frances Fitzgerald

|rowspan=3|32 {{small|(2016)}}

|-

! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" |14

| rowspan="2" |{{CSS image crop|Image=Leo Varadkar, December 2022 (cropped).jpg|bSize=60|cWidth=60|cHeight=80|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}

| rowspan="2" |Leo Varadkar
{{small|(b. 1979)
TD for Dublin West}}

| rowspan="2" |{{small|14 June}}
2017{{cite news|last1=Lord|first1=Miriam|title=Taoiseach-in-waiting meets man waiting to be taoiseach|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/leo-varadkar-the-man-who-evolved-into-a-taoiseach-1.3106073|access-date=10 June 2017|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=8 June 2017|archive-date=8 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608013704/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/leo-varadkar-the-man-who-evolved-into-a-taoiseach-1.3106073|url-status=live}}

| rowspan="2" |{{small|27 June}}
2020

| rowspan="2" |Fine Gael

| rowspan="2" |31st

| rowspan="2" |{{small|FG–Ind (minority)}}

|-

| Simon Coveney

|-

! style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" |15

| {{CSS image crop|Image=Micheál Martin TD (cropped).jpg|bSize=60|cWidth=60|cHeight=80|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}

| Micheál Martin
{{small|(b. 1960)
TD for Cork South-Central}}

| {{small|27 June}}
2020

| {{small|17 December}}
2022

| Fianna Fáil

| 32nd

| {{small|FF–FG–Green}}

| style="background-color: {{party color|Fine Gael}}" |

| Leo Varadkar

| rowspan="3" | 33 {{small|(2020)}}

|-

! rowspan="1" style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" |{{small|(14)}}

| rowspan="1" |{{CSS image crop|Image=Leo Varadkar, December 2022 (cropped).jpg|bSize=60|cWidth=60|cHeight=80|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}

| rowspan="1" |Leo Varadkar
{{small|(b. 1979)
TD for Dublin West}}

| rowspan="1" |{{small|17 December}}
2022

| rowspan="1" |{{small|9 April}}
2024

| rowspan="1" |Fine Gael

| rowspan="1" |33rd

| {{small|FG–FF–Green}}

| style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

| rowspan="2" |Micheál Martin

|-

! rowspan="1" style="background:{{party color|Fine Gael}}; color:white;" |16

| rowspan="1" |{{CSS image crop|Image=Simon Harris (2024) (cropped).jpg|bSize=60|cWidth=60|cHeight=80|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}

| rowspan="1" |Simon Harris
{{small|(b. 1986)
TD for Wicklow}}

| rowspan="1" |{{small|9 April}}
2024

| rowspan="1" |{{small|23 January}}
2025

| rowspan="1" |Fine Gael

| rowspan="1" |34th

| {{small|FG–FF–Green}}

| style="background-color: {{party color|Fianna Fáil}}" |

|-

! style="background:{{party color|Fianna Fáil}}; color:white;" |(15)

|{{CSS image crop|Image=Micheál Martin TD (cropped).jpg|bSize=60|cWidth=60|cHeight=80|oTop=0|oLeft=0}}

|Micheál Martin
{{small|(b. 1960)
TD for Cork South-Central}}

|{{small|23 January}}
2025

|{{n/a}}

|Fianna Fáil

|35th

|{{small|FF–FG–Ind}}

| style="background-color: {{party color|Fine Gael}}" |

|Simon Harris

|34 {{small|(2024)}}

|}

• {{cite book |last=Farrell |first=Brian |author-link=Brian Farrell (broadcaster) |year=1971 |title=Chairman or Chief?: The Role of the Taoiseach in Irish Government |publisher=Gill & Macmillan}}
• {{Cite book |last=O'Malley |first=Eoin |title=Governing Ireland: From cabinet government to delegated governance |publisher=IPA |year=2012 |editor-last=O'Malley |editor-first=Eoin |location=Dublin |chapter=The Apex of Government: Cabinet and Taoiseach in operation |editor-last2=MacCarthaigh |editor-first2=Muiris}}.
• {{Cite news |last=Gwynn Morgan |first=David |date=8 March 2016 |title=What exactly is a caretaker taoiseach? |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/david-gwynn-morgan-what-exactly-is-a-caretaker-taoiseach-1.2563548}}

Biographies are also available of de Valera, Lemass, Lynch, Cosgrave, FitzGerald, Haughey, Reynolds and Ahern. FitzGerald wrote an autobiography, while an authorised biography was produced of de Valera.

Some biographies and memoirs of former Taoisigh and presidents of the Executive Council:

• Tim Pat Coogan, Éamon de Valera
• John Horgan, Seán Lemass
• Brian Farrell, Seán Lemass
• T. P. O'Mahony, Jack Lynch: A Biography
• T. Ryle Dwyer, Nice Fellow: A Biography of Jack Lynch
• Stephen Collins, The Cosgrave Legacy
• Garret FitzGerald, All in a Life
• Garret FitzGerald, Just Garret: Tales from the Political Frontline
• Raymond Smith, Garret: The Enigma
• T. Ryle Dwyer, Short Fellow: A Biography of Charles Haughey
• Martin Mansergh, Spirit of the Nation: The Collected Speeches of Haughey
• Joe Joyce & Peter Murtagh The Boss: Charles Haughey in Government
• Tim Ryan, Albert Reynolds: The Longford Leader
• Albert Reynolds, My Autobiography
• Bertie Ahern, My Autobiography

• Politics of the Republic of Ireland
• Records of Irish heads of government since 1922
• Irish heads of government since 1919

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category|Taoisigh}}

{{Wiktionary|taoiseach}}

• {{Official website|https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-the-taoiseach/}}

{{Prime Ministers of Ireland}}

{{Government of Ireland}}

{{Europe heads of state and government}}

{{European Council}}

{{Types of heads of government}}

{{Prime Minister}}

Category:1937 establishments in Ireland

Category:Government ministers of the Republic of Ireland

Category:Heads of government

Category:Lists of political office-holders in the Republic of Ireland

Ireland

Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership

Category:Westminster system