Teguh Karya
{{short description|Indonesian film director (1937–2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Teguh Karya
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Teguh Karya, Festival Film Indonesia (1982), 1983, p14.jpg
| image_size =
| alt = Film director Teguh Karya, standing with a cigarette in his mouth
| caption = Karya at the 1982 Indonesian Film Festival
| birth_name = Steve Liem Tjoan Hok
| birth_date = 22 September 1937
| birth_place = Pandeglang, Banten, Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2001|12|11|1937|09|22}}
| death_place = Jakarta, Indonesia
| nationality = Indonesian
| education = {{ubl | Akademi Seni Drama dan Film (1954–1955)| Akademi Teater Nasional Indonesia (1957–1961)| East–West Center (1962–1963)}}
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Director, actor
| years_active = 1968–1998
| notable_works = {{ubl | Cinta Pertama| Badai Pasti Berlalu | November 1828}}
| style = Realism{{sfn|Taufiqurrahman 2005-09-25, Director Teguh}}
| awards = Numerous Citra Awards
}}
Teguh Karya (born Steve Liem Tjoan Hok; {{zh|s=林廉鹤}}; 22 September 1937 – 11 December 2001) was an Indonesian film director. Starting his entertainment career in theatre, he made his directorial debut in 1971 with Wadjah Seorang Laki-Laki in which he also wrote the screenplay. He later directed numerous critically acclaimed films, including Cinta Pertama, Badai Pasti Berlalu, and November 1828. In 2001, Karya died from complications from a 1998 stroke.{{sfn|ABC 2001, Teguh Karya meninggal}}
Biography
Teguh Karya was born Steve Liem Tjoan Hok on 22 September 1937 in Pandeglang, Banten. He was the first child of Chinese Indonesians Laksana Karya (Tjon Hok) and Naomi Yahya;{{sfn|Ensiklopedia Jakarta, Teguh Karya}} there was some Bantenese descent from his grandmother. He attended elementary school in Pandeglang, and then moved to Jakarta for junior high school, where he struggled with the exact sciences but did well in the creative arts and history.{{sfn|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}}
Karya studied at the Academy of Film and Dramatic Arts ({{langx|id|Akademi Seni Drama dan Film}}) in Yogyakarta from 1954 to 1955. He then studied at the Indonesian National Theater Academy ({{langx|id|Akademi Teater Nasional Indonesia}}, or ATNI) in Jakarta from 1957 to 1961, where he obtained experience as an actor. He later studied at the East–West Center in Honolulu, Hawaii from 1962 to 1963.{{sfn|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}}
Karya acted in Jenderal Kancil (General Deer Mouse; 1968), while working at Hotel Indonesia as a stage manager. It was directed at children. That same year he established Teater Populer at his home in Kebon Kacang, Tanah Abang, Jakarta. Members were mainly ATNI students; he often booked them to perform at Hotel Indonesia. The troupe later went on to produce critically acclaimed dramas, including 1971's Pernikahan Darah (Blood Marriage), 1973's Inspektur Jenderal, Kopral Woyzeck (Inspector General, Corporal Woyzeck), and 1974's Perempuan Pilihan Dewa (Woman Chosen by the Gods).{{sfn|Taufiqurrahman 2005-09-25, Director Teguh}}{{sfn|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}}
In 1971, Karya released his first adult-oriented film, Wadjah Seorang Laki-Laki (The Face of a Boy). Two years later he released Cinta Pertama (First Love), which garnered him his first Citra Award{{sfn|Taufiqurrahman 2005-09-25, Director Teguh}} and launched the acting career of its star, Christine Hakim.{{sfn|Webb 2010-12-08, Christine Hakim}} It was followed by three more romances, Ranjang Pengantin (Wedding Bed), Kawin Lari (Elope), and Perkawinan Semusim (A Season's Marriage).{{sfn|Taufiqurrahman 2005-09-25, Director Teguh}}{{sfn|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}}
Karya's most commercially successful work, Badai Pasti Berlalu (The Storm Will Surely Pass), was released in 1977. Based on a novel of the same name by Marga T, it was watched by 212,551 people in its original run.{{sfn|Irwansyah 2010, 25 Best}} It later won four awards at the 1977 Indonesian Film Festival.{{sfn|FilmIndonesia.org, Badai}}
Two years later, Teguh directed the historical epic November 1828, which received six Citra Awards. It was followed by Di Balik Kelambu (Behind the Screen), Secangkir Kopi Pahit (A Cup of Bitter Coffee), Doea Tanda Mata (Two Eye Marks), Ibunda (Mother) and Pacar Ketinggalan Kereta (Lover Left Behind by the Train).{{sfn|Taufiqurrahman 2005-09-25, Director Teguh}}{{sfn|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}}
File:Teguh Karya signing autographs, Festival Film Indonesia (1982), 1983, p54.jpg
Karya also directed sinetron, or Indonesian soap operas. He released his first sinetron, Pulang (Go Home) in 1987.{{sfn|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}} In 1995 he directed Alang-Alang, sponsored by the Family Planning Coordination Board ({{lang|id|Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana}}), and the Johns Hopkins University Population Communication Services.{{sfn|Wilkins|2000|p=112}}
In 1998, Karya suffered from a stroke, which caused some memory loss and put him in a wheelchair for the rest of his life. He died at the age of 64 at the Mintoharjo Navy Hospital in Central Jakarta on 11 December 2001.{{sfn|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}}{{sfn|ABC 2001, Teguh Karya meninggal}}
Influences
Karya's work was influenced by numerous directors and stage managers, including Asrul Sani, D. Djajakusuma, and Usmar Ismail.{{sfn|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}}
Legacy
Karya won numerous (described by The Jakarta Post as "countless") Citra Awards.{{sfn|Taufiqurrahman 2005-09-25, Director Teguh}}
In 2005, the Twilite Orchestra held a memorial concert featuring songs from Karya's films. Performers included people he had directed, such as Berlian Hutauruk, as well as pop stars like Krisdayanti and Ruth Sahanaya.{{sfn|Taufiqurrahman 2005-09-25, Director Teguh}}
Personal life
Karya never married, although he occasionally dated. When asked why, he said that there everyone had "rooms" in them, for art, friends, country, and other things; the order these rooms were filled was different for each person.{{sfn|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}}
Filmography
| class="wikitable" |
| Year
! Title ! Notes |
|---|
| 1971
| Wadjah Seorang Laki-Laki (Face of a Man) | Directorial debut |
| 1973
| Cinta Pertama (First Love) | |
| 1974
| Ranjang Pengantin (Wedding Bed) | |
| 1975
| Kawin Lari (Elope) | |
| rowspan="2"|1977
| Perkawinan Semusim (A Season's Wedding) | |
| Badai Pasti Berlalu (The Storm Will Surely Pass)
| |
| 1979
| |
| rowspan="2"|1983
| Di Balik Kelambu (Behind the Screen) | |
| Secangkir Kopi Pahit (A Cup of Bitter Coffee)
| |
| 1984
| Doea Tanda Mata (Two Eye Marks) | |
| 1986
| Ibunda (Mother) | |
| 1989
| Pacar Ketinggalan Kereta (Lover Left Behind by the Train) | Last feature film |
Nomination and awards
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| style="width: 33px;" | Awards
! style="width: 50px;" | Year ! style="width: 200px;" | Category ! style="width: 200px;" | Nomination work ! style="width: 50px;" | Result ! style="width: 30px;" | Ref. |
|---|
| rowspan= "16" | Festival Film Indonesia
| 1974 | {{center| Cinta Pertama}} | {{won}} |
| 1975
| {{center| Ranjang Pengantin}} | {{won}} |
| rowspan= "2" | 1979
| rowspan= "2" | {{center| November 1828}} | {{won}} |
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{nom}} |
| rowspan= "2" | 1981
| rowspan= "2" | {{center| Usia 18}} | {{nom}} |
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{nom}} |
| rowspan= "2" | 1983
| rowspan= "2" | {{center| Di Balik Kelambu}} | {{won}} |
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{won}} |
| rowspan= "4" | 1985
| rowspan= "2" | {{center| Doea Tanda Mata}} | {{nom}} |
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{nom}} |
| Best Director
| rowspan= "2" | {{center| Secangkir Kopi Pahit}} | {{nom}} |
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{nom}} |
| rowspan= "2" | 1986
| rowspan= "2" | {{center| Ibunda}} | {{won}} |
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{won}} |
| rowspan= "2" | 1989
| rowspan= "2" | {{center| Pacar Ketinggalan Kereta}} | {{won}} |
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{nom}} |
References
{{Reflist}}
=Bibliography=
- {{cite web
|title = 25 Film Indonesia Terbaik Sepanjang Masa
|trans-title = 25 Best Indonesian Films of All Time
|last = Irwansyah
|first = Ade
|language = id
|url = http://www.tabloidbintang.com/extra/top-list/2752.html?start=5
|work = Tabloid Bintang
|date = 23 April 2010
|access-date = 17 August 2011
|ref = {{harvid|Irwansyah 2010, 25 Best}}
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120324014224/http://www.tabloidbintang.com/extra/top-list/2752.html?start=5
|archive-date = 24 March 2012}}
- {{cite web
|title = Badai Pasti Berlalu
|language = id
|url = http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/award/lf-b017-77-616129/badai-pasti-berlalu
|work = FilmIndonesia.org
|publisher = Konfiden Foundation
|access-date = 17 August 2011
|ref = {{harvid|FilmIndonesia.org, Badai}}
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110816093706/http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/award/lf-b017-77-616129/badai-pasti-berlalu
|archive-date = 16 August 2011}}
- {{cite web
| title = Director Teguh Karya to be remembered in tribute concert
| last = Taufiqurrahman
| first = M.
| url = http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2005/09/23/director-teguh-karya-be-remembered-tribute-concert.html
|work=The Jakarta Post
| date = 23 September 2005
| access-date =17 August 2011
| ref = {{harvid|Taufiqurrahman 2005-09-25, Director Teguh}}
}}
- {{cite web
| title = Teguh Karya
| language = id
| url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/detail/3256
| work=Ensiklopedi Jakarta
| publisher=Jakarta Government
| access-date =17 August 2011
| ref = {{harvid|Ensiklopedia Jakarta, Teguh Karya}}
}}
- {{cite web
| title = Teguh Karya – Profil Selebritis
|trans-title=Teguh Karya – Celebrity Profile
| language = id
| url = http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/t/teguh_karya/
| work=KapanLagi.com
| access-date =17 August 2011
| ref = {{harvid|KapanLagi.com, Teguh Karya}}
}}
- {{cite web
| title = Teguh Karya: Suhu Teater Indonesia
|trans-title=Teguh Karya: Maestro of Indonesian Theatre
| language = id
| url = http://kepustakaan-tokoh.perfilman.pnri.go.id/teguh_karya/uploaded_files/pdf/clipping/news_articles/normal/TEGUH%20KARYA%20SUHU%20TEATER%20INDONESIA.PDF
| work=Library of Film Figures
| year = 2008
| access-date =17 August 2011
| ref = {{harvid|Library of Film Figures 2008, Teguh Karya}}
}}
- {{cite web
| title = Christine Hakim: Going where life leads her
| last = Webb
| first = Cynthia
| url = http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/12/08/christine-hakim-going-where-life-leads-her.html
|work=The Jakarta Post
| date = 8 December 2010
| access-date =17 August 2011
| ref = {{harvid|Webb 2010-12-08, Christine Hakim}}
}}
- {{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVsWtVRp-mYC
|title=Redeveloping Communication for Social Change: Theory, Practice, and Power
|isbn=978-0-8476-9588-1
|last1=Wilkins
|first1=Karin Gwinn
|year=2000
|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield
|location=Lanham
}}
- {{cite web
| title = Teguh Karya meninggal
| trans-title = Teguh Karya passes away
| language = id
| url = http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/indonesian/2001-12-12/teguh-karya-meninggal/780408
|work=ABC Radio Australia
| date = 12 December 2001
| access-date =14 November 2017
| ref = {{harvid|ABC 2001, Teguh Karya meninggal}}
}}
External links
{{Commons category|Teguh Karya}}
- {{IMDb name|0440323}}
{{Teguh Karya}}
{{Citra Award for Best Director}}
{{BPB}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Karya, Teguh}}
Category:Indonesian people of Chinese descent
Category:People from Pandeglang Regency