Teofisto Guingona Jr.

{{Short description|Vice President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2004}}

{{Redirect|Teofisto Guingona|his father|Teofisto Guingona Sr.|his son, also a Senator|Teofisto Guingona III}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Teofisto Guingona Jr.

| nationality = Filipino

| image = Teofisto Guingona Jr. 20171013.jpg

| imagesize = 230px

| caption = Guingona in 2017

| office = Vice President of the Philippines

| president = Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

| term_start = February 7, 2001

| term_end = June 30, 2004

| predecessor = Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

| successor = Noli de Castro

| office2 = Secretary of Foreign Affairs

| president2 = Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

| predecessor2 = Domingo Siazon Jr.

| successor2 = Blas Ople

| office3 = President pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines

| predecessor3 = Ernesto Maceda

| successor3 = Leticia Ramos-Shahani

| office4 =

| predecessor4 = Senate re-established (Last held by Jose Roy)

| successor4 = Sotero Laurel

| office5 = Senate Majority Leader

| predecessor5 = Orly Mercado

| successor5 = Alberto Romulo

| office6 = Senate Minority Leader

| predecessor6 = Ernesto Maceda

| successor6 = Aquilino Pimentel Jr.

| predecessor7 =

| successor7 =

| office8 =

| predecessor8 =

| successor8 =

| office9 = 48th Secretary of Justice

| office11 = Chairman of the Commission on Audit

| predecessor11 = Position established

| successor11 = Eufemio Domingo

| office12 = President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands

| predecessor12 = Teofilo Reyes Jr.

| successor12 = Rogelio Manalo

| term12 = 1968–1969

| birth_name = Teofisto Tayko Guingona

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1928|7|4|mf=y}}

| birth_place = San Juan del Monte, Rizal, Philippines{{efn|The Philippines was a unincorporated territory of the United States known as the Philippine Islands at the time of Guingona's birth.}}

| death_date =

| death_place =

| spouse = Ruth Saluper de Lara

| children = 3, including Teofisto III

| party = Independent (2003–present)
Lakas–NUCD (1998–2003)
LDP (1992–1998)
Liberal (1987–1992)
PDP–Laban (1983–1987)
Laban (1978–1983)

| alma_mater = Ateneo de Manila University (AB, LL.B)

| order = 11th

| office1 = Ambassador of the Philippines to China

| termend1 = July 8, 2005

| termstart1 = 2004

| president1 = Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

| termend2 = July 2, 2002

| termstart2 = February 9, 2001

| termstart3 = January 18, 1993

| termend3 = July 6, 1993

| termstart4 = July 27, 1987

| termend4 = July 23, 1990

| termstart5 = July 23, 1990

| termend5 = July 22, 1991

| termstart6 = July 27, 1998

| termend6 = February 7, 2001

| office7 = Senator of the Philippines

| termstart7 = June 30, 1998

| termstart8 = June 30, 1987

| termstart9 = May 20, 1995

| termstart10 = July 6, 1993

| office10 = Executive Secretary

| predecessor9 = Demetrio Demetria

| predecessor10 = Edelmiro Amante

| successor9 = Silvestre Bello III

| successor10 = Ruben Torres

| termend7 = February 7, 2001

| termend8 = July 6, 1993

| termend9 = January 31, 1998

| termend10 = May 19, 1995

| president9 = Fidel V. Ramos

| president10 = Fidel V. Ramos

| president11 = Corazon Aquino

| termstart11 = March 10, 1986

| termend11 = March 1987

}}

Teofisto "Tito" Tayko Guingona Jr. (born July 4, 1928) is a Filipino politician and diplomat who served as the 11th Vice President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2004, during the first term of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Born in San Juan (now a part of Metro Manila), he is a graduate of Ateneo de Manila University, where he was a working student.

He was appointed as chairman of the Commission on Audit by then newly installed President Corazon C. Aquino in 1986 until 1987, when he was elected as a senator of the Philippines under the coalition of Lakas ng Bayan, led by Aquino. While a senator, he also served as the director and chairman of the Mindanao Development Authority and the Mindanao Labor Management Advisory Council. He won in the reelections in 1992 and became the majority leader a year after, but his term ended prematurely when newly elected President Fidel V. Ramos appointed him as executive secretary from 1993 until 1995 and as justice secretary from 1995 until 1998. He was re-elected to the Senate again as a minority leader from 1998 until 2001.

Guingona was appointed vice president of the Philippines and secretary of foreign affairs by President Arroyo, after she was automatically promoted to the presidency from vice presidency after President Joseph "Erap" Estrada's ousting in EDSA II, making Guingona the only vice president who was not nationally elected to the position. When Guingona's term ended, he decided not to seek a full term election at the 2004 Philippine presidential election and was succeeded by Noli de Castro.

Early life and education

Guingona was born on July 4, 1928, in San Juan del Monte, Rizal (present-day San Juan, Metro Manila). His father, Teofisto Guingona Sr., was a former assemblyman, senator, judge and commissioner from Guimaras, Iloilo. His mother, Josefa Tayko, is of Siaton, Negros Oriental. He grew up in the provinces Agusan, Lanao, and Misamis Oriental, where he completed his elementary schooling with honors in Ateneo de Cagayan.{{Cite web |title=Teofisto T. Guingona Jr. |url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/former_senators/teofisto_guingona_jr.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515030947/http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/former_senators/teofisto_guingona_jr.htm |archive-date=May 15, 2011 |access-date=October 20, 2010 |website=senate.gov.ph}} He pursued his studies at the Ateneo de Manila University as a working student, teaching history and political science while taking up courses in law and economics. He took up special studies in Public Administration, Economics, Sociology and Audit, in addition to playing a role in the new Aquila Legis fraternity (Second Batch 1950) becoming the most honorable Praeses or "bossman" in 1952-53 after founding bossman Joaquin Misa in 1949.{{Cite web|title=REGISTERED AQUILANS|url=https://www.aquilalegis.org/registered-aquilans}} After graduation, he went into business and became a governor of the Development Bank of the Philippines and president of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands.

Early political career

Guingona was a delegate to the 1971 Constitutional Convention and, when martial law was declared in 1972 by President Ferdinand Marcos, he resisted the abuses of the regime, serving as a human rights lawyer. He founded SANDATA and became the honorary chairman of BANDILA, two mass-based organizations dedicated to social and economic reforms. Because of his opposition to martial rule he was jailed twice, first in 1972 and then in 1978. When Marcos was ousted in 1986 as a result of the People Power Revolution, newly installed President Corazon Aquino appointed Guingona as chairman of the Commission on Audit, where he gained renown as a graft buster.

Senate of the Philippines (1987–1993)

Guingona was first elected to the Senate in 1987 under the Aquino-backed Lakas ng Bayan coalition. He was elected as Senate president pro tempore in 1987 and majority leader in 1990. Additionally, he served as director and chairman of the Mindanao Development Authority and the Mindanao Labor Management Advisory Council.

In 1992, Guingona ran for reelection under the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino of Speaker of the House Ramon Mitra Jr. He eventually won, placing 14th in the Senate race. In 1993, he rose to the position of majority floor leader once more, but President Fidel V. Ramos' appointment of him as executive secretary that same year ended his Senate tenure.

Executive secretary (1993–1995) and secretary of justice (1995–1998)

President Fidel V. Ramos appointed Guingona as executive secretary in 1993, replacing Edelmiro Amante, who resigned. In 1995, Guingona was appointed as justice secretary. As justice secretary, he rejuvenated the Witness Protection Program and established the Prosecution Academy. He also implemented the Katarungang Pambarangay, or the Barangay Justice System, and heightened public awareness of the Barangay Justice Program. He also held, in a concurrent capacity, the chairmanship of the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission.

Senate of the Philippines (1998–2001)

In 1998, he was elected back to the Senate under Lakas-NUCD and was elected as minority floor leader. Guingona was among the first to demand President Joseph Estrada resign in protest of the irregularities in his administration. He was among the senators that voted to open an envelope allegedly containing information that would implicate Estrada on January 17, 2001. The decision to keep the envelope closed was ultimately made by a vote of 11–10, which heightened anti-Estrada emotions and sparked a second uprising on EDSA. Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who succeeded Estrada as president his removal from office, had Guingona as her top pick for vice president.

Vice presidency (2001–2004)

File:Vp guingona.jpg

File:Ph1-080701.jpg in 2001]]

Following the Second EDSA Revolution in January 2001 that overthrew President Joseph Estrada. Guingona was nominated as vice president of the Philippines by Arroyo, who succeeded Estrada to the presidency, on February 7.{{Cite news |last=Booth |first=Jenny |date=November 29, 2007 |title=Rebel Coup Plot Sets up Siege Drama at Luxury Hotel in Manila |work=The Times |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2966236.ece |access-date=September 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629105809/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2966236.ece |archive-date=June 29, 2011}} His nomination was affirmed by Congress. Guingona is the only vice president who was not elected to the position. He is also the oldest person to have held the position, being appointed at the age of 72. He also concurrently served as secretary of foreign affairs.

During his time as vice president, he was often at odds with Arroyo, particularly over foreign policy. He resigned as secretary of foreign affairs on July 2, 2002.{{Cite web |last=Villanueva |first=Marichu A. |date=July 3, 2002 |title=Guingona quits DFA post |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2002/07/03/166841/guingona-quits-dfa-post |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The Philippine Star}} He also resigned from Lakas-NUCD on October 3, 2003.{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Sammy |date=October 4, 2003 |title=Tito quits Lakas over slow reforms |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2003/10/04/222979/tito-quits-lakas-over-slow-reforms |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The Philippine Star}} In the 2004 Philippine elections, Guingona did not seek a full term election and was succeeded by Noli de Castro. In that election, he supported the presidential and vice-presidential bids of opposition candidates Fernando Poe Jr. and Senator Loren Legarda, respectively.

Post vice presidency (2004–present)

File:VP Teofisto Guingona.jpg

After the defeat of his candidate, Fernando Poe Jr., Guingona supported the administration of Arroyo again by accepting the position of ambassador to China. He resigned as ambassador and joined the opposition again at the height of the Hello Garci scandal, a political scandal involving Arroyo's alleged rigging of the 2004 presidential elections.

On November 29, 2007, Guingona participated in the Manila Peninsula rebellion, a mutiny led by Senator Antonio Trillanes and Brigadier General Danilo Lim that called for Arroyo's resignation. He was arrested afterward, but on December 13, 2007, the Makati Regional Trial Court dismissed rebellion cases against him.{{Cite news |last=Punongbayan |first=Michael |date=December 14, 2007 |title=Charges Dropped vs Civilians in Makati Hotel Siege |work=Philstar Global |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2007/12/14/33171/charges-dropped-vs-civilians-makati-hotel-siege |access-date=February 20, 2022}}{{Cite news |last=Javellana-Santos |first=Julie |date=December 14, 2007 |title=Philippine Court Junks Rebellion Raps Against Ex-Veep, 17 Others |language=en |work=Arab News |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/306736 |access-date=February 20, 2022}}

Guingona wrote his 346-page book Fight for the Filipino, which contains his memoirs. It was launched on July 4, 2008, his 80th birthday, at the Manila Hotel.{{Cite news |last=Burgonio |first=T. J. |date=June 9, 2010 |title=Guingona: Unexpected Visitor Proposed Killing Arroyo |work=Inquirer.net |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20080702-145935/Guingona-Unexpected-visitor-proposed-killing-Arroyo |url-status=dead |access-date=February 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723155914/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20080702-145935/Guingona-Unexpected-visitor-proposed-killing-Arroyo |archive-date=July 23, 2011}}

Personal life

Guingona is married to Ruth de Lara,{{Cite news |last=Macaspac |first=Joem H. |date=March 26, 1995 |title=Housewife Pitted vs 'Strongman' |page=4 |work=Manila Standard |location=Gingoog |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vmUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ygoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6399%2C3565162 |quote=De-Lara Guingona, official candidate of the coalition between Lakas-NUCD and Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino, is the wife of Executive Secretary Teofisto Guingona Jr. |via=news.google.com}} a former mayor and vice mayor of Gingoog, Misamis Oriental.{{cite news|url=https://mindanao.politiko.com.ph/uy-pwede-mayor-marie-vm-ruth-guingona-pose-next-beauty-queens/|title=Uy, pwede! Mayor Marie, VM Ruth Guingona pose next to beauty queens|date=July 19, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2024|website=Politiko Mindanao}} His son, Teofisto III (TG), is a former senator of the Philippines, while his daughter, Stella Marie, also served as mayor of Gingoog until 2019.

Notes

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20050404020309/http://www.op.gov.ph/profiles_guingona.asp Office of the Vice President of the Philippines - Guingona (2001-2004)]
[http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/former_senators/teofisto_guingona_jr.htm Senate of the Philippines - Teofisto Guingona's Profile]

{{S-ttl|title=President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands|years=1968–1969}}

{{S-ttl|title= Chairman of the Commission on Audit|years=1986–1987}}

{{S-ttl|title= Executive Secretary of the Philippines|years=1993–1995}}

{{S-ttl|title= Secretary of Justice of the Philippines|years=1995–1998}}

{{S-ttl|title= Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines|years= 2001–2002}}

{{S-ttl|title=Vice President of the Philippines|years=2001–2004}}

{{S-ttl|title= President pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines|years=1987–1990}}