Terminalia (plant)
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image=Terminalia catappa 1.jpg
|image_caption=Terminalia catappa
|taxon=Terminalia
|authority=L. (1767){{r|GRIN}}
|synonyms={{Collapsible list|bullets=on
|Adamaram {{small|Adans. (1763)}}
|Anogeissus {{small|(DC.) Guill. (1832)}}
|Badamia Gaertn. (1791)
|Buceras {{small|P.Browne (1756)}}
|Buchenavia {{small|Eichler (1866)}}
|Bucida {{small|L. (1759)}}
|Catappa Gaertn. (1791)
|Chicharronia A.Rich. (1845)
|Chuncoa Pav. ex Juss. (1789)
|Fatrea Juss. (1811)
|Finetia {{small|Gagnep. (1916)}}
|Gimbernatea Ruiz & Pav. (1794)
|Hudsonia A.Rob. ex Lunan (1814), nom. illeg.
|Kniphofia Scop. (1777), nom. rej.
|Myrobalanifera Houtt. (1774)
|Myrobalanus Gaertn. (1790)
|Pamea {{small|Aubl. (1775)}}
|Panel {{small|Adans. (1763)}}
|Pentaptera Roxb. (1828)
|Pteleopsis {{small|Engl. (1894)}}
|Ramatuela Kunth (1825)
|Ramatuella Kunth (1826), orth. var.
|Resinaria Comm. ex Lam. (1785), not validly publ.
|Tanibouca Aubl. (1775)
|Terminaliopsis {{small|Danguy (1923)}}
|Vicentia Allemão (1844)}}
|synonyms_ref={{r|GRIN}}
}}
Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising nearly 300 species distributed in tropical regions of the world.{{r|powo}} The genus name derives from the Latin word terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.{{r|mobotpf}}
Axlewood (T. latifolia) is used for its wood and tannins and as a fodder.Heuzé V., Tran G., 2016. Axlewood (Anogeissus latifolia). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/186 Last updated on March 22, 2016, 14:20 African birch (T. leiocarpa) is used for its wood and to make yellow dye and medicinal compounds.Heuzé V., Tran G., Renaudeau D., Bastianelli D., 2016. African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpa). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/701 Last updated on March 15, 2016, 11:53 A yellow dyestuff produced from the leaves of T. leiocarpa has traditionally been used in West Africa to dye leather.{{cite journal|last=Dalziel |first=J.M. |title=African Leather Dyes |journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information |volume=6 |date=1926 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |page=230 |language=en |jstor=4118651 }}
Selected species
{{main|List of Terminalia species|l1=List of Terminalia species}}
File:Terminalia argentea.jpg flowers]]
File:Flowers with Sykes's warbler I IMG 1880.jpg flowers]]
File:Harra (Terminalia chebula) hanging fruit at 23 Mile, Duars, WB W IMG 5902.jpg fruit]]
File:A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0494.jpg flowers with a hoverfly - a close up]]
File:Terminalia muelleri leaves in Talakona, AP W IMG 8296.jpg in Talakona forest, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India]]
File:Terminalia foliage.jpg foliage and flowers]]
File:Terminalia mantaly in Hong Kong.jpg street tree in Hong Kong]]
There are 278 accepted Terminalia species as of July 2024 according to Plants of the World Online.{{r|powo}} Selected species include:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
- Terminalia acuminata (Fr. Allem.) Eichl.
- Terminalia albida Scott-Elliot
- Terminalia amazonia (J.F.Gmel.) Exell – white olive
- Terminalia anogeissiana {{Au|Gere & Boatwr.}} – axlewood
- Terminalia arbuscula Sw.
- Terminalia archipelagi Coode
- Terminalia arenicola {{small|Byrnes}}
- Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. – arjuna, koha, white marudah
- Terminalia arostrata Ewart & O.B.Davies – crocodile tree
- Terminalia australis Cambess – palo amarillo, tanimbú
- Terminalia avicennioides {{small|Guill. & Perr.}}
- Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. – beleric
- Terminalia bentii {{small|(Baker) Gere & Boatwr.}}
- Terminalia bialata (Roxb.) Steud. – Indochina, Philippines
- Terminalia buceras {{small|(L.) C.Wright}}
- Terminalia bucidoides Standley & L.O.Williams
- Terminalia bursarina – Bendee
- Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe
- Terminalia cambodiana {{small|Gagnep.}}
- Terminalia canescens (DC.) Radlk. – jalool
- Terminalia carolinensis Kaneh.
- Terminalia catappa L. – Indian almond, tropical almond, umbrella tree
- Terminalia chebula Retz. – black myrobalan, chebulic myrobalan, inknut
- Terminalia cherrieri McKee
- Terminalia circumalata F.Muell.
- Terminalia cunninghamii C.A.Gardner – Pindan quondong
- Terminalia dhofarica {{small|(A.J.Scott) Gere & Boatwr.}}
- Terminalia eddowesii Coode
- Terminalia engleri Gere & Boatwr. – terenifù (West Africa to Cameroon)
- Terminalia elliptica Willd. – Indian-laurel
- Terminalia eriostachya A.Rich.
- Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell – billygoat plum, Kakadu plum, gubinge
- Terminalia fitzgeraldii C.A.Gardner
- Terminalia glabrata {{small|G.Forst.}}
- Terminalia grandiflora Benth.
- Terminalia hadleyana W.Fitzg.
- Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. – idigbo, black afara, blackbark, brimstone wood, shingle wood
- Terminalia januariensis DC.
- Terminalia kaernbachii Warb. – okari nut
- Terminalia kangeanensis Slooten – Kangean almond
- Terminalia kuhlmannii Alwan & Stace
- Terminalia kumpaja R.L.Barrett
- Terminalia latifolia Sw.
- Terminalia latipes Benth.
- Terminalia leiocarpa {{small|(DC.) Baill.}}
- Terminalia littoralis L.
- Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr.
- Terminalia megalocarpa Exell
- Terminalia microcarpa Decne.
- Terminalia muelleri Benth. – Australian almond
- Terminalia myriocarpa {{small|Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.}}
- Terminalia neotaliala – Madagascar almond tree
- Terminalia nitens C.Presl
- Terminalia novocaledonica Däniker
- Terminalia oblongata F.Muell.
- Terminalia paniculata Roth
- Terminalia parviflora Thwaites
- Terminalia pellucida C.Presl
- Terminalia pendula {{Au|(Edgew.) Gere & Boatwr.}} (incorporating T. phillyreifolia)
- Terminalia petiolaris Benth. – marool''
- Terminalia platyphylla F.Muell.
- Terminalia platyptera F.Muell.
- Terminalia polycarpa {{small|Engl. & Diels}}
- Terminalia porphyrocarpa {{small|F.Muell. ex Benth.}}
- Terminalia prunioides {{small|M.A.Lawson}}
- Terminalia reitzii Excell
- Terminalia rerei Coode
- Terminalia richii A.Gray
- Terminalia rostrata {{small|Fosberg & Falanruw}}
- Terminalia schimperiana Hochst.
- Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. – silver terminalia
- Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels – limba
- Terminalia triptera {{Au|Stapf.}} (syn. T. nigrovenulosa {{Au|Pierre}})
- Terminalia volucris Benth.
{{div col end}}