Territorial evolution of Australia#6 July 1863

{{Use Australian English|date=April 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}

{{Short description|none}}

File:Territorial evolution of Australia.gif

The first colonies of the British Empire on the continent of Australia were the penal colony of New South Wales, founded in 1788, and the Swan River Colony (later renamed Western Australia), founded in 1829. Over the next few decades, the colonies of New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Van Diemen's Land (later renamed Tasmania), and Victoria were created from New South Wales, as well as an aborted Colony of North Australia. On 1 January 1901, these colonies, excepting New Zealand, became states in the Commonwealth of Australia. Since federation, the internal borders have remained mostly stable, except for the creation of some territories with limited self-government: the Northern Territory from South Australia, to govern the vast, sparsely populated centre of the country; the split of the Northern Territory into Central Australia and North Australia, and then the quick merger of those back into the Northern Territory; and the Australian Capital Territory, a federal district ceded from New South Wales.

Outside of the continent, Queensland attempted an expansion into New Guinea, but British authorities rejected this; the claim would later be made a British protectorate and ceded to Australia. The League of Nations mandated northeast New Guinea to Australia after World War I, as well as Nauru, which was placed under joint Australian-British-New Zealand jurisdiction. These mandates (and, later, United Nations trust territories) became the independent nations of Nauru and Papua New Guinea in the mid-20th century. Australia has also obtained several small island territories, mainly from earlier British colonies, and has a large claim on Antarctica.

Table of changes

Key to map colours

:{{legend|#FFFFE0|Australian states}}

:{{legend|#FFDEAD|Australian territories and founding colonies}}

:{{legend|#c0c09c|Area changed by event}}

= Colonial period =

class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
scope="col"|Date

!scope="col"|Event

!scope="col"|Map

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|25 April 1787

|The Colony of New South Wales was created as a penal colony by the Kingdom of Great Britain in Australia east of 135° east.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-68.html | title=Governor Phillip's Instructions 25 April 1787 (GB) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802041627/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-68.html | archive-date=2 August 2017 | url-status=live }} Word of the establishment was proclaimed in Australia by Governor Arthur Phillip on 7 February 1788.{{cite web | url=https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/organisation/1 | title=Colony of New South Wales: Creation | publisher=New South Wales State Archives and Records | access-date=18 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020819/https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/organisation/1 | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }} The commission included "all the islands adjacent in the Pacific Ocean" within the latitudes of 10°37' south and 43°39' south, which included most of New Zealand.

|File:Australia change 1787-04-25.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|11 July 1810

|Macquarie Island was discovered by Frederick Hasselborough, who claimed it for the United Kingdom and declared it part of New South Wales.{{cite book |title=The Australian Geographic book of Antarctica |last=Scott |first=Keith |year=1993 |publisher=Australian Geographic |location=Terrey Hills, New South Wales |isbn=978-1-86276-010-3 |page=14 }}{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ | page=303 | title=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire | author=Panton, Kenneth J. | isbn=9780810875241 | access-date=18 October 2017 | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | year=2015}}

|File:Australia change 1810-07-11.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|16 July 1825

|New South Wales was extended west to 129° east, so that it would include a trading post set up on Melville Island; and the borders of the "islands adjacent in the Pacific Ocean" were moved north to 39°12' south, now including only a small part of New Zealand.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-41.html | title=Governor Darling's Commission 1825 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=22 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015015/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-41.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1825-07-16.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|3 December 1825

|The southern islands of New South Wales were made the Colony of Van Diemen's Land.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-73.html | title=Order-in-Council separating Van Diemen's Land from New South Wales 14 June 1825 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003036/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-73.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ | page=518 | title=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire | author=Panton, Kenneth J. | isbn=9780810875241 | access-date=23 October 2017 | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | year=2015}}

|File:Australia change 1825-12-03.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|2 May 1829

|A colony commonly known as the Swan River Colony was founded in the remainder of Australia outside of New South Wales.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-4.html | title=Instructions to the Admiralty to take formal possession of the western portion of the continent 5 November 1828 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003929/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-4.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }} Most documents calling for the colony's foundation make no mention of a name, apart from its location at the "Port on the Western Coast of New Holland, at the Mouth of the River called 'Swan River', with the adjacent Territory",{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-5.html | title=Lieutenant-Governor Stirling's Instructions 30 December 1828 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107012730/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-5.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }} and that a settlement should be formed "within the Territory of 'Western Australia'".{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-7.html | title=Lieutenant-Governor Stirling's Proclamation of the Colony 18 June 1829 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020242/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-7.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }} However, the law calling for the creation of the colony does appear to specify that it should be called "Western Australia".{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VpZFAAAAcAAJ | title=The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 29 | year=1829 | page=719 | publisher=Government of the United Kingdom | access-date=23 October 2017 | quote=An Act to provide until the Thirty-first Day of December One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, for the Government of His Majesty's Settlements in Western Australia, on the Western Coast of New Holland}}

|File:Australia change 1829-05-02.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|6 February 1832

|The legal instrument required to formally appoint James Stirling governor of the Colony of Western Australia was proclaimed, and this is commonly held as the date that the Swan River Colony was renamed Western Australia.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-8.html | title=Commission appointing Stirling Governor and Commander-in-Chief 4 March 1831 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107024928/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-8.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}{{cite web | url=http://statelibrarynsw.tumblr.com/post/156855938896/on-this-day-6th-february-1832-the-swan-river | title=On this day, 6th February 1832, the Swan River colony was officially renamed "Western Australia". | publisher=State Library of New South Wales | access-date=23 October 2017}}

|File:Australia change 1832-02-06.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|19 February 1836

|The portion of New South Wales between 132° east and 141° east, and south of 26° south, was made the Province of South Australia.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-38.html | title=Letters Patent establishing the Province of South Australia 19 February 1836 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819104324/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-38.html | archive-date=19 August 2017 | url-status=live }} The actual landing and proclamation occurred on 28 December 1836.{{cite web | url=http://adelaidia.sa.gov.au/subjects/the-proclamation | title=The Proclamation | date=9 June 2017 | access-date=23 October 2017 | publisher=Government of South Australia | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829122728/http://adelaidia.sa.gov.au/subjects/the-proclamation | archive-date=29 August 2017 | url-status=live }} Its border with New South Wales south of the Murray River would be erroneously surveyed roughly {{convert|3.6|km|mi}} west of 141° east, and the resulting disputes with the colonies and, later, states that share that border would not be fully resolved until 1914.{{cite BAILII |litigants=State of South Australia v State of Victoria |year=1914 |court=UKPC |num=3 |format=1 |parallelcite=[1914] {{abbr|AC|Appeal Cases}} 283}}, British and Irish Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019; {{cite AustLII|UKPCHCA|1|1914|parallelcite=(1914) 18 CLR 115 |courtname=auto |date=28 January 1914}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1836-02-19.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|15 June 1839

|The islands of New Zealand were annexed to New South Wales.{{Cite web | url=http://archives.govt.nz/provenance-of-power/1839-letters-patent | title=1839 Letters Patent Establishing New Zealand as Part of New South Wales | publisher=Archives New Zealand | access-date=25 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031611/http://archives.govt.nz/provenance-of-power/1839-letters-patent | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}{{cite web | url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/treaty/background-to-the-treaty/land-and-ideals | title=Taming the frontier | publisher=New Zealand Government | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711075550/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/treaty/background-to-the-treaty/land-and-ideals | archive-date=11 July 2017 | url-status=live }} The action was proclaimed on 14 January 1840.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DzlDAAAAcAAJ | page=139 | publisher=Government of New Zealand | title=Report from the select committee on New Zealand | year=1840 | access-date=23 October 2017}}

|File:Australia change 1839-06-15.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|16 November 1840

|The Colony of New Zealand was chartered and split from New South Wales.{{cite web | url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/letters-patent-issued-making-new-zealand-a-colony-separate-from-new-south-wales | title=New Zealand officially becomes British colony | publisher=New Zealand Government | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518113743/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/letters-patent-issued-making-new-zealand-a-colony-separate-from-new-south-wales | archive-date=18 May 2017 | url-status=live }}{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/newzealanditsad00terrgoog | page=[https://archive.org/details/newzealanditsad00terrgoog/page/n360 314] | title=New Zealand, Its Advantages and Prospects, as a British Colony | publisher=T. & W. Boone | year=1842 | access-date=23 October 2017}}

|File:Australia change 1840-11-16.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|26 September 1844

|Norfolk Island was transferred from New South Wales to Van Diemen's Land.{{cite web | url=https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/norfolk-island-guide | title=Norfolk Island Guide | date=4 November 2015 | publisher=New South Wales Government – State Archives & Records | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011062740/https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/norfolk-island-guide | archive-date=11 October 2017 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1844-09-26.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|17 February 1846

|The half of New South Wales north of 26° south was made the Colony of North Australia.{{cite web | url=http://archival.sl.nsw.gov.au/Details/archive/110330450 | title=Charters and commissions concerning the Colony of North Australia, 1846–1847 | publisher=State Library of New South Wales | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107013116/http://archival.sl.nsw.gov.au/Details/archive/110330450 | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230364145 |title=PROCLAMATION. |newspaper=New South Wales Government Gazette |issue=13 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=23 January 1849 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=117 |via=National Library of Australia}}{{cite web | url=https://www.qld.gov.au/recreation/arts/heritage/museum-of-lands/surveying/borders/pre-proclamation | title=History of Queensland borders before proclamation | publisher=State of Queensland | access-date=22 April 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003213530/https://www.qld.gov.au/recreation/arts/heritage/museum-of-lands/surveying/borders/pre-proclamation | archive-date=3 October 2018 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1846-02-17.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|28 December 1847

|Following a change in government in the United Kingdom, North Australia was merged back in to New South Wales. This is the date Queen Victoria revoked the letters patent establishing North Australia, but it was not proclaimed in Australia until 16 January 1849.

|File:Australia change 1847-12-28.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 July 1851

|The portion of New South Wales south of the Murray River and a line from the headwaters of the river to Cape Howe was made the Colony of Victoria.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-76-aid-8-pid-75.html | title=Australian Constitutions Act 1850 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=24 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022221/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-76-aid-8-pid-75.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1851-07-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 January 1856

|Van Diemen's Land was renamed Tasmania, as a way to get away from its past as a penal colony.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-78.html | title=Order-in-Council changing name to Tasmania 21 July 1855 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=24 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005707/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-78.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1856-01-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 November 1856

|Norfolk Island was split from Tasmania, becoming its own colony. Some sources say this occurred the previous day,{{cite journal |last1=Bladen |first1=F.M. |year=1906 |title=Settlement of the Pitcairn Islanders on Norfolk Island |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAIxAQAAMAAJ |journal=Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society | publisher=Royal Australian Historical Society | volume=2 | issue=1 |pages=1–12 |issn=0035-8762 |access-date=20 May 2019}} but the Norfolk Island Act 1913 states it was on this day.

|File:Australia change 1856-11-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|6 June 1859

|The portion of New South Wales north of 29° south, the Dumaresq and Macintyre Rivers, and several mountain ridges, and east of 141° east, was made the Colony of Queensland.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-47.html | title=Letters Patent erecting Colony of Queensland 6 June 1859 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=24 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015816/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-47.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1859-06-06.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|10 October 1861

|The portion of New South Wales west of South Australia was transferred to South Australia by letters patent. The act of parliament was passed on 22 July 1861.{{Cite Legislation AU|NSW|num_act|qlasalea1861n25605|Queensland Legislation and South Australian Land Extension Act 1861}}, 22 July 1861, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1861-07-22.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|13 March 1862

|The portion of New South Wales north of South Australia and east of 138° east was transferred to Queensland.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-51.html | title=Letters Patent altering the western boundary of Queensland 1862 (UK) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=24 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015159/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-51.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1862-03-13.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|6 July 1863

|The region of New South Wales north of South Australia was transferred to South Australia.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-49.html | title=Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South Australia, 1863 | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=24 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005903/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-49.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1863-07-06.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|30 May 1872

|All islands lying within {{convert|60|mi|km}} of Queensland were annexed to the colony by letters patent.{{cite web | url=https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/1996-04-11/sl-1879-qciwi | title=Queensland Coast, Islands and Waters Instruments | date=11 April 1996 | pages=11–20 | publisher=Government of Queensland | access-date=21 May 2019}} This was done primarily to incorporate the Torres Strait Islands, which were starting to be claimed by New South Wales. It is unknown which specific islands may have already been considered part of Queensland, and the map included with the letters patent contained errors, such as including Melville Island in Queensland.{{cite journal |last1=Mullins |first1=Steve |year=1992 |title=Queensland's Quest for Torres Strait: The Delusion of Inevitability |jstor=25169126 |journal=The Journal of Pacific History |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=165–180 |doi=10.1080/00223349208572705}}

|align="center"|too vague to map

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|21 July 1879

|The Torres Strait Islands were specifically annexed to Queensland.

|File:Australia change 1879-07-21.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|17 June 1880

|Macquarie Island was made a constituent part of the Colony of Tasmania through Letters Patent for the Governor of Tasmania.{{cite web |title=Item BB-AU-490 - Letters patent constituting the office of Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Tasmania and its Dependencies |url=https://sparc.utas.edu.au/index.php/letters-patent-constituting-the-office-of-governor-and-commander-in-chief-of-the-colony-of-tasmania-and-its-dependencies |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=3 October 2023 |ref=Letters Patent for Governor of Tasmania 1880}}

|File:Australia change 1880-06-17.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|4 April 1883

|Queensland claimed southeast New Guinea as a dependency, though the British government rejected the claim.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gThY2BW0bowC | isbn=9780521356213 | page=357 | title=Australia, Volume 1 | year=1933 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | access-date=24 October 2017}}

|File:Australia change 1883-04-04.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|6 November 1884

|The British Empire declared southeast New Guinea as a protectorate, removing it from immediate Queensland control, though the colony still largely administered it.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybLyCAAAQBAJ | pages=11–12 | title=Documents and Correspondence on New Guinea's Boundaries | author=Van der Veur, Paul W. | year=2012 | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | isbn=9789401537063 | access-date=24 October 2017}}

|File:Australia change 1884-11-06.png

= Federation =

class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
scope="col"|Date

!scope="col"|Event

!scope="col"|Map

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 January 1901

|Six colonies of the United Kingdom formed the Commonwealth of Australia:{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|coaca430|Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

Parliament met in Melbourne until the federal capital could be built.{{cite web | url=http://www.victoria.org.au/the%20australian%20capital.htm | title=Melbourne – the seat of government | access-date=25 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312201155/http://victoria.org.au/The%20Australian%20Capital.htm | archive-date=12 March 2018 | url-status=dead }}

|File:Australia change 1901-01-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 September 1906

|British New Guinea was transferred from the United Kingdom, becoming the Territory of Papua.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|pa19059o1905117|Papua Act 1905}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232351916 |title=PROCLAMATION |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=47 |location=Australia |date=1 September 1906 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=1141 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1906-09-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 January 1911

|The Federal Capital Territory was split from New South Wales,{{Cite Legislation AU|NSW|act|sogsa1909317|Seat of Government Surrender Act 1909}}, {{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|sogaa1909265|Seat of Government Acceptance Act 1909}}; Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232459877 |title=PROCLAMATION |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=75 |location=Australia |date=8 December 1910 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=1851 |via=National Library of Australia}} and the Northern Territory was split from South Australia.{{Cite Legislation AU|SA|num_act|tntsa946o1907453|Northern Territory Surrender Act 1908}}, {{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|ntaa1910325|Northern Territory Acceptance Act 1910}}; Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232460023 |title=PROCLAMATION |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=79 |location=Australia |date=24 December 1910 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=1901 |via=National Library of Australia}} While the acts creating it use the term "Territory for the Seat of Government", legislation and proclamations immediately began using the term "Federal Capital Territory."{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-119.html | title=Seat of Government Acceptance Act 1909 (Cth) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=11 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512041001/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-119.html | archive-date=12 May 2019 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1911-01-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 July 1914

|Norfolk Island was transferred from the United Kingdom, becoming the Territory of Norfolk Island.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|nia1913151913185|Norfolk Island Act 1913}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232367482 |title=PROCLAMATION |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=35 |location=Australia |date=17 June 1914 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=1043 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1914-07-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|4 September 1915

|A small peninsula along Jervis Bay was ceded to the Federal Capital Territory by New South Wales.{{Cite Legislation AU|NSW|num_act|sogsa1915n9344|Seat of Government Surrender Act 1915}}, {{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|jbtaa1915323|Jervis Bay Territory Acceptance Act 1915}}; Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232465869 |title=PROCLAMATION |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=103 |location=Australia |date=4 September 1915 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=1710 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1915-09-04.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|17 December 1920

|The League of Nations mandated the former German New Guinea to Australia as the Territory of New Guinea{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|nga1920251920138|New Guinea Act 1920}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1920/2.html Australian Treaty Series 1920 No 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517231845/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1920/2.html |date=17 May 2007 }}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019 and the Mandate of Nauru,{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|niaa191981919250|Nauru Island Agreement Act 1919}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1923/11.html Australian Treaty Series 1923 No 11] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120604232116/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1923/11.html |date=4 June 2012 }}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019 with New Zealand and the United Kingdom as co-trustees of Nauru.{{cite journal |last1=Blakeslee |first1=George H. |year=1922 |title=The Mandates of the Pacific |jstor=20028201 |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=98–115|doi=10.2307/20028201 }}

|File:Australia change 1920-12-17.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 February 1927

|The Northern Territory was split at 20° south into the territories of Central Australia and North Australia.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|naa1926161926245|Northern Australia Act 1926}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232518535 |title=PROCLAMATION. |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=7 |location=Australia |date=27 January 1927 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=137 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1927-03-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|9 May 1927

|Parliament began meeting in Canberra, formally moving the capital there from Melbourne.{{cite web | url=http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp0001/01rp25 | title=As it was in the Beginning (Parliament House in 1927) | publisher=Parliament of Australia | access-date=4 August 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731020457/http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp0001/01rp25 | archive-date=31 July 2017 | url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232519319 |title=Government Gazette Notices |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=48 |location=Australia |date=9 May 1927 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=901 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1927-05-09.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|12 June 1931

|The territories of Central Australia and North Australia were merged to become the Northern Territory.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|nta193151931443|Northern Territory (Administration) Act 1931}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232192788 |title=PROCLAMATION |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=46 |location=Australia |date=11 June 1931 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=931 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1931-06-12.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|10 May 1934

|The Ashmore and Cartier Islands were transferred from the United Kingdom and became the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands. A British order-in-council dated 23 July 1931 had stated that the islands would be placed under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia when Australia passed legislation to accept them.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|aaciaa1933308|Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Act 1933}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232619421 |title=PROCLAMATION. |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=28 |location=Australia |date=10 May 1934 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=761 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1934-05-10.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|24 August 1936

|The United Kingdom transferred the portion of its claim to Antarctica between 45° east and 136° east, and 142° east and 160° east, to Australia, where it became the Australian Antarctic Territory.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|aataa1933407|Australian Antarctic Territory Acceptance Act 1933}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232607160 |title=ACTS OF PARLIAMENT ASSENTED TO. |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=39 |location=Australia |date=22 June 1933 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=896 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1936-08-24.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|29 July 1938

|The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was annexed to the Northern Territory.[https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1938A00011 Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Act 1938] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020815/https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1938A00011 |date=7 November 2017 }} (Cth), Government of Australia, retrieved 20 May 2019

The Federal Capital Territory was renamed the Australian Capital Territory.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|sogaa1938121938292|Seat of Government Acceptance Act 1938}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1938-07-29.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|26 August 1942

|The Mandate of Nauru was captured by Japan.

[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUIntLawNews/1990/18.pdf "ICJ – Application of the Republic of Nauru" [1990] AUIntLawNews 18; (1990) Australian International Law News 156] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020830/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUIntLawNews/1990/18.pdf |date=7 November 2017 }}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1942-08-26.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|14 September 1945

|The Japanese garrison in the Mandate of Nauru surrendered.

|File:Australia change 1945-09-14.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|13 December 1946

|The Territory of New Guinea was reconstituted as a United Nations trust territory.

|File:Australia change 1946-12-13.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 November 1947

|The Mandate of Nauru was reconstituted as the United Nations Trust Territory of Nauru.[http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/pdf/decolonization/decon_num_39-2.pdf Decolonization No 30 Part 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912235101/http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/pdf/decolonization/decon_num_39-2.pdf |date=12 September 2016 }}, United Nations, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1947-11-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|26 December 1947

|Heard Island and McDonald Islands were transferred from the United Kingdom. The receipt was confirmed in letters exchanged on 19 December 1950.{{cite journal |last1=Gordon-Walker |first1=P.C. |year=1951 |title=Administration of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands |journal=Polar Record |volume=6 |issue=42 |pages=275–276 |doi=10.1017/S0032247400040808 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1951PoRec...6..275G }}

|File:Australia change 1947-12-26.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 July 1949

|The Territory of New Guinea and Territory of Papua were merged into the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, mainly for administrative purposes; the act makes it clear that the identities of New Guinea as a United Nations Trust Territory and Papua as a possession of the Crown remain intact.[https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2004C05837 Papua New Guinea Act 1949] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020802/https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2004C05837 |date=7 November 2017 }} (Cth), Government of Australia, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232810058 |title=PROCLAMATION |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=48 |location=Australia |date=30 June 1949 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=1897 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1949-07-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|24 April 1953

|Heard Island and McDonald Islands were formally declared the Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|hiamia195371953277|Heard Island and McDonald Islands Act 1953}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1953-04-24.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|23 November 1955

|The Cocos (Keeling) Islands were transferred by the United Kingdom from the Colony of Singapore, becoming the Territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.[https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2016C01088 Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act 1955] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107060813/https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2016C01088 |date=7 November 2017 }} (Cth), Government of Australia, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article232902258 |title=PROCLAMATION |newspaper=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette |issue=58 |location=Australia |date=10 November 1955 |access-date=21 May 2019 |page=3665 |via=National Library of Australia}}

|File:Australia change 1955-11-23.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 October 1958

|Christmas Island was transferred by the United Kingdom from the Colony of Singapore, becoming the Territory of Christmas Island.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|cia1958175|Christmas Island Act 1958}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite web |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_930_2005-01-11.html |title=Handover of Christmas Island to Australia |publisher=Infopedia |date=1 September 2014 |access-date=29 September 2022}}

|File:Australia change 1958-10-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|31 January 1968

|The Trust Territory of Nauru became independent as the Republic of Nauru.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|nia19671031967204|Nauru Independence Act 1967}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019{{cite web | url=http://www.naurugov.nr/parliament-of-nauru/constitution-of-nauru.aspx | title=Constitution of Nauru | publisher=Government of Nauru | access-date=3 August 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806205835/http://naurugov.nr/parliament-of-nauru/constitution-of-nauru.aspx | archive-date=6 August 2017 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1968-01-31.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|30 September 1969

|The Coral Sea Islands Territory was created from Queensland.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|csia1969158|Coral Sea Islands Act 1969}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1969-09-30.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|27 December 1971

|The Territory of Papua and New Guinea was renamed Papua New Guinea.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|pnga19711231971188|Papua New Guinea Act 1971}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1971-12-27.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|31 December 1973

|The peninsula along Jervis Bay belonging to the Australian Capital Territory was formally named the Jervis Bay Territory; at this time, it was still considered part of the ACT.[https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2004C05001 Jervis Bay Territory Acceptance Act 1915–1973] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120151034/https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2004C05001 |date=20 November 2017 }}, Government of Australia, retrieved 15 November 2017

|align="center"|no change to map

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|11 September 1975

|The Republic of the North Solomons declared the independence of the region surrounding Bougainville Island in Papua New Guinea.{{cite web | url=http://www.pireport.org/articles/1998/01/29/chronology-bougainville-civil-war | title=Chronology of Bougainville Civil War | publisher=Pacific Islands Report | access-date=20 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202452/http://www.pireport.org/articles/1998/01/29/chronology-bougainville-civil-war | archive-date=3 December 2018 | url-status=live }}

|File:Australia change 1975-09-11.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|16 September 1975

|Papua New Guinea became independent as the Independent State of Papua New Guinea,{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|pngia1975247|Papua New Guinea Independence Act 1975}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019 rendering the dispute with the Republic of the North Solomons moot.

|File:Australia change 1975-09-16.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|1 July 1978

|The Ashmore and Cartier Islands were split from the Northern Territory, becoming the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|aaciaaa1978388|Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Amendment Act 1978}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1978-07-01.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|3 March 1986

|The Australia Act 1986 made Australia completely independent of the United Kingdom.{{cite web | url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-32.html | title=Australia Act 1986 (Cth) | publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy | access-date=22 April 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422204352/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-32.html | archive-date=22 April 2019 | url-status=live }}

|align="center"|no change to map

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|11 May 1989

|Jervis Bay Territory was split from the Australian Capital Territory to become its own territory.[https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2004C00956 A.C.T. Self-Government (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120151021/https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2004C00956 |date=20 November 2017 }}, Government of Australia, retrieved 15 November 2017

|File:Australia change 1989-05-11.png

scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"|7 July 1997

|Elizabeth Reef and Middleton Reef were transferred from New South Wales to the Coral Sea Islands Territory.{{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|num_act|esatlaa1997595|Environment, Sport and Territories Legislation Amendment Act 1997}}, Australasian Legal Information Institute, retrieved 20 May 2019

|File:Australia change 1997-07-07.png

Proposed boundary change to the Australian Capital Territory

In September 2022, it was announced the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales would change for the first time since it was created in 1911.{{Cite news |date=2022-09-16 |title='It's happening': NSW-ACT border to change for first time since its creation as territory expands |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-16/border-to-change-to-allow-territory-expansion/101446700 |access-date=2022-09-16}} ACT chief minister Andrew Barr said NSW premier Dominic Perrottet had agreed to a proposed border change for 330 hectares of land.{{Cite web |date=2022-09-16 |title=NSW and ACT in talks over biggest border shake-up in living memory |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/sep/16/nsw-and-act-in-talks-over-biggest-border-shake-up-in-living-memory |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}

See also

References

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