The Graduate#Cast

{{Short description|1967 film by Mike Nichols}}

{{Other uses}}

{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2013}}

{{Infobox film

| name = The Graduate

| image = Graduateposter67.jpg

| alt =

| caption = Theatrical release poster

| director = Mike Nichols

| producer = Lawrence Turman

| screenplay = {{Plainlist|

}}

| based_on = {{Based on|The Graduate|Charles Webb}}

| starring = {{Plainlist|

}}

| music = {{Plainlist|

}}

| cinematography = Robert Surtees

| editing = Sam O'Steen

| color_process = Technicolor

| studio = Lawrence Turman Productions

| distributor = {{Plainlist|

}}

| released = {{Film date|1967|12|20|premiere|1967|12|21|United States|ref2={{AFI film|23387}}}}

| runtime = 106 minutes{{cite web|title=The Graduate (12A) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-graduate-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0ynjqzntq |website=British Board of Film Classification| date=July 1, 1970| access-date=2013-09-20| archive-date=March 5, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305144253/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/graduate-1970-1| url-status=live}}

| country = United States

| language = English

| budget = $3 million

| gross = {{ubl|$104.9 million (North America){{cite web| url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=graduate.htm| website=Box Office Mojo| title=The Graduate, Box Office Information| access-date=2012-03-08| archive-date=July 14, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714112526/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=graduate.htm| url-status=live}}|

  • The Graduate: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kT0fKUCTUC4C&pg=PA167 167] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605170632/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kT0fKUCTUC4C&pg=PA167 |date=June 5, 2019 }}. "World net rental was estimated at more than $85 million by January 1971."}}

}}

The Graduate is a 1967 American independent{{cite web|url=https://movieweb.com/timeless-indie-movies/ |title=The 20 Most Timeless Indie Movies |last=Sayre |first=Will |date=2023-09-24 |website=MovieWeb}} romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols{{cite book| title=Variety's Film Reviews| date=December 20, 1967| page=6| isbn=978-0-8240-5210-2| author1=Kaplan| publisher=Garland Pub.}} and written by Buck Henry and Calder Willingham,{{cite news | first=Bosley | last=Crowther | author-link=Bosley Crowther | title=Graduating With Honors; 'The Graduate' | website=The New York Times | date=December 31, 1967 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/12/31/archives/graduating-with-honors-the-graduate.html | access-date=September 14, 2019 | archive-date=November 8, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108175925/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/12/31/archives/graduating-with-honors-the-graduate.html | url-status=live }} based on the 1963 novella by Charles Webb. It stars Dustin Hoffman as Benjamin Braddock, a recent college graduate who is seduced by an older married woman, Mrs. Robinson (Anne Bancroft), but falls for her daughter, Elaine (Katharine Ross). The soundtrack was recorded by Simon & Garfunkel, and featured the hit single "Mrs Robinson".

The Graduate was released December 21, 1967. It grossed $104.9{{nbsp}}million in the United States and Canada, making it the highest-grossing film of 1967 in North America. Adjusted for inflation (as of 2021), its gross is $857 million, making it the 22nd-highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada.{{cite web| url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/| website=Box Office Mojo| title=Domestic Grosses, Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation| access-date=2012-03-08| archive-date=February 25, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225230917/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/| url-status=live}} It received seven nominations at the 40th Academy Awards, and won for Best Director.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuiODwSISUY Mike Nichols winning the Oscar® for Directing - Oscars on YouTube]

In 1996, The Graduate was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".{{Cite web|last1=Stern|first1=Christopher|date=1996-12-03|title=National Film Registry taps 25 more pix|url=https://variety.com/1996/scene/vpage/national-film-registry-taps-25-more-pix-1117466310/|access-date=2020-06-23|website=Variety|language=en|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809045257/https://variety.com/1996/scene/vpage/national-film-registry-taps-25-more-pix-1117466310/|url-status=live}} In 1997, the American Film Institute ranked it the 7th-greatest American film and the 17th-greatest in 2007. It is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films.

Plot

After earning his bachelor's degree, Benjamin Braddock returns to his parents' home in Pasadena, California. During his graduation party, Mrs. Robinson, the wife of his father's law partner, asks him to drive her home. Once there, she tries to seduce him. He resists her advances, but later invites Mrs. Robinson to the Taft Hotel, where he registers under the surname Gladstone.

Benjamin spends the summer idly floating in his parents' swimming pool and meeting Mrs. Robinson at the hotel. During one of their trysts, Mrs. Robinson reveals that she and her husband married after she accidentally became pregnant with their daughter, Elaine. When Benjamin jokingly suggests that he date Elaine, Mrs. Robinson angrily forbids it.

Benjamin's parents and Mr. Robinson pester Benjamin to ask Elaine out. He reluctantly takes her out, but attempts to sabotage the date by ignoring her, driving recklessly and taking her to a strip club. She flees in tears, but Benjamin chases after her, apologizes and kisses her. They eat at a drive-in restaurant, where they bond over their shared uncertainty about their future plans. After they visit the Taft Hotel for a late-night drink and the staff greet Benjamin as Mr. Gladstone, Elaine deduces that Benjamin is having an affair. Benjamin admits to having an affair with a married woman whom he does not name. He tells Elaine the affair is over and asks to see her again.

To prevent Benjamin from dating Elaine, Mrs. Robinson threatens to tell her about their affair. To thwart this, Benjamin tells Elaine that the married woman is her mother. Elaine throws Benjamin out of the house and returns to school at Berkeley. Benjamin follows her there, hoping to regain her affections. Elaine initially rejects him and briefly dates a medical student, Carl. When she learns her mother lied about Benjamin raping her, she reconciles with him. Benjamin pushes for marriage, but Elaine is uncertain despite her feelings for him. Mr. Robinson arrives at Berkeley and angrily confronts Benjamin. He informs him that he and Mrs. Robinson are getting divorced and threatens to have him jailed if he keeps seeing Elaine. Mr. Robinson forces Elaine to leave college to marry Carl.

Benjamin drives to Pasadena and enters the Robinson home searching for Elaine. He finds Mrs. Robinson, who tells him that he cannot prevent Elaine's marriage to Carl. Benjamin flees the house and drives back to Berkeley. There he discovers the wedding is in Santa Barbara that day. He speeds over 300 miles to Santa Barbara, but his car runs out of gas a short distance from the church.

Benjamin runs to the church, arriving just as the ceremony is ending. His desperate appearance in the glass church gallery stirs Elaine into defying her mother and fleeing the sanctuary. Benjamin fights off Mr. Robinson and repels the wedding guests by swinging a large cross, which he uses to barricade the church doors, trapping everyone inside. Benjamin and Elaine escape aboard a bus and sit among the startled passengers, with Elaine still in her wedding gown. As the bus drives on, their ecstatic smiles slowly change into neutral expressions.

Cast

{{cast listing|

}}

Richard Dreyfuss makes an uncredited appearance in his second film role as one of the tenants in Mr. McCleery's building. Ben Murphy also has an uncredited appearance, as the shaving fraternity brother who comes out with a double entendre. Mike Farrell appears uncredited as a hotel bellhop. Kevin Tighe makes a brief uncredited appearance as one of the showering fraternity brothers. Noam Pitlik appears uncredited as the service station attendant.

Production

Getting the film made was difficult for Nichols, who, while noted for being a successful Broadway director, was still an unknown in Hollywood. Producer Lawrence Turman, who wanted only Nichols to direct it, was continually turned down for financing. Turman also said that every studio turned down the project, saying "they read the book and hated it, and no one thought it was funny".{{cite web |url=https://nypost.com/2017/04/20/50-years-later-the-graduate-cast-reveals-behind-the-scenes-secrets/ |title=50 years later, 'The Graduate' cast reveals behind-the-scenes secrets | date=April 20, 2017 |website=New York Post |last=Hoffman |first=Barbara}} He then contacted producer Joseph E. Levine, who said he would finance the film because he had associated with Nichols on the play The Knack, and because he heard Elizabeth Taylor specifically wanted Nichols to direct her and Richard Burton in Virginia Woolf.{{cite magazine|last1=Kashner|first1=Sam|title=Here's to You, Mr. Nichols: The Making of The Graduate|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/graduate200803|magazine=Vanity Fair|access-date=November 21, 2014|date=March 2008|archive-date=November 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121115808/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/graduate200803|url-status=live}}

With financing assured, Nichols suggested Buck Henry for screenwriter, although Henry's experience had also been mostly in improvised comedy, and he had no writing background. Nichols said to Henry, "I think you could do it; I think you {{em|should}} do it." Nichols was paid $150,000, and was to receive one-sixth of the profits.{{cite magazine|magazine=Variety|date=April 17, 1968|page=1|title=Nichols' $1-Mil. To Direct His Next}}

=Casting=

Nichols' first choice for Mrs. Robinson was French actress Jeanne Moreau.Audio commentary by Mike Nichols and Steven Soderbergh in Criterion Collection BD and DVD. The motivation for this was the cliché that in French culture, "older" women tended to "train" the younger men in sexual matters. Casting for the project was challenging.{{cite web|url=https://cinephiliabeyond.org/the-graduate-mike-nichols-sophomore-effort-that-shook-the-united-states/ |title='The Graduate': Mike Nichols' Sophomore Effort that Shook the United States |last=Mikulec |first=Sven |website=Cinephilia Beyond|date=February 26, 2016 }} Doris Day turned down an offer because the nudity required by the role offended her.{{cite book| title=Doris Day: Sentimental Journey| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfbcA3zFlNgC&q=doris+day+graduate&pg=PT326| last=McGee| first=Garry| date=November 22, 2011| page=160| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-6107-3| access-date=2014-03-03}}{{cite web | url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/5/13/18617650/doris-day-life-films-legacy-rock-hudson-terry-melcher-manson | title=Doris Day was a conservative icon amid a turbulent counterculture. But her life belied her persona | date=May 13, 2019 |website=Vox}}{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/obituaries/doris-day-death.html | title=Doris Day, Movie Star Who Charmed America, Dies at 97 | work=The New York Times | date=May 13, 2019 | last1=Harmetz | first1=Aljean }} Shelley Winters, Ingrid Bergman, Eva Marie Saint, Ava Gardner, Patricia Neal, Susan Hayward, Deborah Kerr, Rita Hayworth, Lana Turner and Geraldine Page were also considered for the role of Mrs. Robinson.

Dustin Hoffman was cast as Liebkind in the Mel Brooks film The Producers (1967), but before filming began Hoffman begged Brooks to let him go to audition for The Graduate.{{Cite web |last=Desowitz |first=Bill |date=April 25, 2018 |title='The Producers' Turns 50: Mel Brooks Explains Why His Subversive Comedy Is Still Relevant |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/04/the-producers-mel-brooks-interview-tcm-film-festival-1201957140/ |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=IndieWire}} When Dustin Hoffman auditioned for the role of Benjamin, he was just short of his 30th birthday at the time of filming. He was asked to perform a love scene with Ross, having previously never done one, and believed that, as he said later, "a girl like [Ross] would never go for a guy like me in a million years". Ross agreed, believing that Hoffman "looked about 3 feet tall ... so unkempt. This is going to be a disaster." Producer Joseph E. Levine later admitted that he at first believed Hoffman "was one of the messenger boys". Despite – or perhaps because of – Hoffman's awkwardness, Nichols chose him for the film.{{cite magazine| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eEkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA111| title=The Graduate| magazine=Life| date=24 November 1967| access-date=2014-03-03| last=Zeitlin| first=David| page=111| archive-date=May 10, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510020202/http://books.google.com/books?id=eEkEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA71&pg=PA111| url-status=live}}

"As far as I'm concerned, Mike Nichols did a very courageous thing casting me in a part that I was not right for, meaning I was Jewish," said Hoffman. "In fact, many of the reviews were very negative. It was kind of veiled anti-Semitism.... I was called 'big-nosed' in the reviews; 'a nasal voice'."{{cite web | url=https://www.680news.com/2015/03/25/dustin-hoffman-says-he-understands-the-worries-of-young-singers-in-boychoir/ | title=Dustin Hoffman says he understands the worries of young singers in 'Boychoir' | first=Victoria | last=Ahearn | date=March 25, 2015 | work=680 NEWS | access-date=2018-11-27 | archive-date=December 13, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213130543/https://www.680news.com/2015/03/25/dustin-hoffman-says-he-understands-the-worries-of-young-singers-in-boychoir/ | url-status=live }} Hoffman was paid $20,000 for his role in the film, but netted just $4,000 after taxes and living expenses. After spending that money, Hoffman filed for New York State unemployment benefits, receiving $55 per week while living in a two-room apartment in the West Village of Manhattan.{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Dan|date=1967-12-30|title=New-Found Stardom Worries Dustin Hoffman|page=15|work=The New York Times |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1967/12/30/91667953.html?pageNumber=15 |access-date=July 22, 2024}}

Before Hoffman was cast, Robert Redford and Charles Grodin were among the top choices. Redford tested for the part of Benjamin (with Candice Bergen as Elaine), but Nichols thought Redford did not possess the underdog quality Benjamin needed. Grodin turned down the part at first because of the low $500/week salary offered by producer Lawrence Turman. Grodin was offered more money, but declined again because he did not believe he could prepare for a screen test for the film overnight. "If they had given me three days to prepare, I think I would have gotten the role," he said.{{cite web|last=Evans |first=Bradford |title=The Lost Roles of 'The Graduate |website=Vulture |date=December 20, 2012 |url=https://www.vulture.com/2012/12/the-lost-roles-of-the-graduate.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124063548/https://www.vulture.com/2012/12/the-lost-roles-of-the-graduate.html |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |url-status=live}}

Harrison Ford also auditioned for the role of Benjamin Braddock but was turned down.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McqLdkUnTVgC&pg=PA144|title=Harrison Ford: The Films|isbn=9780786440481|last1=Duke|first1=Brad|date=July 2008|publisher=McFarland |access-date=May 30, 2021|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602233120/https://books.google.com/books?id=McqLdkUnTVgC&pg=PA144|url-status=live}}

Burt Ward was informally offered Hoffman's role, but was already committed to the role of Robin in the Batman television series.{{cite web |last1=Huver |first1=Scott |title=Holy Hollywood Star, Batman: Burt Ward Talks Road to Walk of Fame Honor |url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/features/batman-burt-ward-hollywood-walk-of-fame-interview-1203453454/ |website=Variety |language=en |date=January 9, 2020 |access-date=2020-10-01 |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226132451/https://variety.com/2020/tv/features/batman-burt-ward-hollywood-walk-of-fame-interview-1203453454/ |url-status=live }}

Jack Nicholson, Steve McQueen, Anthony Perkins, Warren Beatty, George Peppard, George Hamilton, Keir Dullea, Brandon deWilde and Michael Parks were also considered for the role of Benjamin Braddock.{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/jun/15/heres-to-you-mrs-robinson-why-the-graduate-unites-warring-generations-50-years-on | title=Here's to you, MRS Robinson: Why the Graduate unites warring generations 50 years on | newspaper=The Guardian | date=June 15, 2017 | last1=Jones | first1=Ellen E. }}

Ronald Reagan was considered for the part of Benjamin's father Mr. Braddock, which eventually went to William Daniels.{{cite web | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-03-28-9703280135-story.html | title=30 Years Haven't Dulled the Brilliance of 'The Graduate' | website=Chicago Tribune | date=March 28, 1997 }} Nichols cast Gene Hackman as Mr. Robinson, but he was later fired after a few days of rehearsals; he was replaced by Murray Hamilton.{{cite web | url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2004/03/gene-hackman-dustin-hoffman-hollywood | title=Gene Hackman, Dustin Hoffman, and Robert Duvall: Three Friends Who Went from Rags to Riches | website=Vanity Fair | date=August 15, 2013 }} Many years later, Hackman said that being fired from the film still hurt him.{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1985/11/14/gene-hackman-happy-with-his-career-despite-honorable-disappointments/ |title=Gene Hackman Happy with His Career Despite 'Honorable Disappointments' |date=1985-11-14 |work=Chicago Tribune}}

Despite playing mother and daughter, Anne Bancroft and Katharine Ross were only eight years apart in age. Bancroft and Hoffman differed less than six.

=Filming=

The quality of the cinematography was influenced by Nichols, who chose Oscar winner Robert Surtees to do the photography. Surtees, who had photographed major films since the 1920s, including Ben-Hur, said later, "It took everything I had learned over 30 years to be able to do the job. I knew that Mike Nichols was a young director who went in for a lot of camera. We did more things in this picture than I ever did in one film."

Many of the exterior university campus shots of Berkeley were actually filmed on the brick campus of USC in Los Angeles.{{cite web |title=USC's Lists & Urban Legends: Just a Few of the Feature Films Shot on the University Park Campus |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/pubrel/trojan_family/spring06/Lists.html |last=Moore |first=Annette |work=USC Trojan Family Magazine |date=Spring 2006 |access-date=2014-03-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527071350/http://www.usc.edu/dept/pubrel/trojan_family/spring06/Lists.html |archive-date=May 27, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}

File:La Verne United Methodist Church (featured in last scene of The Graduate).jpg used in the final act of the film.]]

The church used for the wedding scene is actually the United Methodist Church in La Verne. In an audio commentary released with the 40th anniversary DVD, Hoffman revealed he was uneasy about the scene in which he pounds on the church window, as the minister of the church had been watching the filming disapprovingly.{{cite AV media |people=Dustin Hoffman, Katherine Ross|date=September 11, 2007 |title= The Graduate - 40th Anniversary Collector's Edition (audio commentary) |medium=DVD |publisher=MGM Home Entertainment|oclc=

1347390989|asin=B00000F798}}{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=David |title='The Graduate' wedding scene forever altar-ed La Verne church |url=https://www.dailybulletin.com/2017/12/21/the-graduate-wedding-scene-forever-altar-ed-la-verne-church/ |website=Daily Bulletin |access-date=22 July 2024 |date=21 December 2017}} The wedding scene was highly influenced by the ending of the 1924 comedy film Girl Shy starring Harold Lloyd, who also served as an advisor for the scene in The Graduate.{{cite web|url=http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/1443795|title=Silent Salon 2015 // Girl Shy|website=brownpapertickets.com|access-date=May 29, 2015|archive-date=May 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529195808/http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/1443795|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.doctormacro.com/Movie%20Summaries/G/Girl%20Shy.htm|title=Girl Shy|website=doctormacro.com|access-date=May 29, 2015|archive-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215621/http://www.doctormacro.com/Movie%20Summaries/G/Girl%20Shy.htm|url-status=live}}

=Music=

{{See also|The Graduate (soundtrack)}}

The film boosted the profile of folk-rock duo Simon & Garfunkel. Originally, Nichols and O'Steen used their existing songs like "The Sound of Silence" merely as a pacing device for the editing, until Nichols decided that substituting original music would not be effective, and decided to include them on the soundtrack, an unusual move at that time.{{cite book |last=Harris |first=Mark |title=Pictures at a Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/picturesatrevolu00harr_0/page/360 |date=February 14, 2008 |publisher=The Penguin Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/picturesatrevolu00harr_0/page/360 360–1] |isbn=978-1-5942-0152-3 |url-access=registration }}

According to a Variety article by Peter Bart in the May 15, 2005, issue, Lawrence Turman, his producer, then made a deal for Simon to write three new songs for the movie. By the time they had nearly finished editing the film, Simon had written only one new song. Nichols begged him for more, but Simon, who was touring constantly, told him he did not have the time. He did play a few notes of a new song he had been working on: "It's not for the movie... It's a song about times past — about Mrs. Roosevelt and Joe DiMaggio and stuff." Nichols advised Simon, "It's now about Mrs. Robinson, not Mrs. Roosevelt."{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/2005/film/columns/the-perfect-pic-alignment-1117922805/ |work=Variety |first=Peter |last=Bart |author-link=Peter Bart |title=The perfect pic alignment |date=May 15, 2005 |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809064345/https://variety.com/2005/film/columns/the-perfect-pic-alignment-1117922805/ |url-status=live }}

Release

The Graduate had a dual world premiere in New York City December 20, 1967, at the Coronet Theatre, and at the Lincoln Art Theatre on 57th Street. Its general release began on December 21, 1967.

The Graduate was released on DVD by MGM Home Entertainment in 1999 and 2007. A Blu-ray release was first issued by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in 2009 and later by StudioCanal in 2010.{{cite web |last1=Tooze |first1=Gary |title=The Graduate Blu-ray - Anne Bancroft |url=http://www.dvdbeaver.com/film/dvdcompare/graduate.htm |website=DVDBeaver |access-date=24 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103202149/http://www.dvdbeaver.com/film/dvdcompare/graduate.htm |archive-date=3 November 2011}} A 4K digital restoration of the film was released by The Criterion Collection in 2016.{{cite web |title=The Graduate (1967) |url=https://www.criterion.com/films/28578-the-graduate |website=The Criterion Collection |access-date=18 June 2023}}

Reception and legacy

=Critical response=

The Graduate was met with generally positive reviews from critics upon its release. A.D. Murphy of Variety and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film, with Murphy describing it as a "delightful satirical comedy drama",{{cite news |title=Film Reviews—The Graduate |url=https://variety.com/1967/film/reviews/the-graduate-1117791319/ |first=A.D. |last=Murphy |work=Variety |date=December 18, 1967 |access-date=March 15, 2018 |archive-date=March 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327122153/http://variety.com/1967/film/reviews/the-graduate-1117791319/ |url-status=live }} and Ebert claiming it was the "funniest American comedy of the year".{{cite news |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-graduate-1967 |title=The Graduate |first=Roger |last=Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |work=Chicago Sun-Times |date=December 26, 1967 |access-date=2011-04-13 |archive-date=July 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722165911/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19671226%2FREVIEWS%2F712260301%2F1023 |url-status=live }}

However, Life critic Richard Schickel felt the film "starts out to satirize the alienated spirit of modern youth, does so with uncommon brilliance for its first half, but ends up selling out to the very spirit its creators intended to make fun of... It's a shame – they were halfway to something wonderful when they skidded on a patch of greasy kid stuff."{{Cite magazine |last=Schickel |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Schickel |date=January 19, 1968 |volume=64 |number=3 |issn=0024-3019 |title=Fine Debut for a Square Anti-Hero |magazine=Life |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16 |access-date=July 22, 2024}}

Pauline Kael wondered, "How could you convince them [younger viewers] that a movie that sells innocence is a very commercial piece of work when they're so clearly in the market to buy innocence?"{{sfn|Gray|2017|pp=166-167}}

Critics continue to praise the film, if not always with the same ardor. For the film's thirtieth anniversary reissue, Ebert retracted some of his previous praise for it, noting that he felt its time had passed, and that he now had more sympathy for Mrs. Robinson than for Benjamin (whom he considered "an insufferable creep"), viewing one's sympathy for Mrs. Robinson and disdainful attitude toward Ben as a function of aging and wisdom.{{cite news |title=The Graduate |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19970328/REVIEWS/703280304/1023 |first=Roger |last=Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |work=Chicago Sun-Times |date=March 28, 1997 |access-date=2011-04-13 |archive-date=July 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722180403/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19970328%2FREVIEWS%2F703280304%2F1023 |url-status=dead }}

He, along with Gene Siskel, gave the film a positive, if unenthusiastic review on the television program Siskel & Ebert.{{cite episode |series=Siskel & Ebert at the Movies |url=https://siskelebert.org/?p=5629 |airdate=March 22, 1997 |season=11 |number=28 |publisher=Siskel&Ebert.org |title=LiarLiar / Crash / Selena / The Graduate (1997) |minutes=3:40 |transcript=TV.com: Siskel & Ebert at the Movies Season 11 Episode 28 |transcript-url=http://www.tv.com/shows/siskel-and-ebert-at-the-movies/week-of-march-22-1997-1226197/ |access-date=2014-03-03 |archive-date=October 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014092326/http://siskelandebert.org/video/2XNKBRRX1HXR/LiarLiar--Crash--Selena--The-Graduate-1997 |url-status=live }} Furthermore, the film's rating in the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films fell from seventh in 1997 to 17th in the 2007 update. Lang Thompson, however, argued that "it really hasn't dated much".{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/121604%7C88172/The-Graduate.html|title=The Graduate|last=Thompson|first=Lang|website=Turner Classic Movies Database|access-date=February 16, 2017|archive-date=February 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216214233/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/121604%7C88172/The-Graduate.html|url-status=dead}}

Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 86% based on 87 reviews, with an average rating of 8.90/10. The site's consensus reads: "The music, the performances, the precision in capturing the post-college malaise – The Graduate{{'s}} coming-of-age story is indeed one for the ages."{{cite web |date=April 16, 2019 |title=The Graduate |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/graduate/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430032646/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/graduate |archive-date=April 30, 2019 |access-date=June 13, 2023 |website=Rotten Tomatoes |publisher=Fandango Media}} On the similar website, Metacritic, the film holds a score of 83 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".{{cite web |title=The Graduate |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-graduate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005153149/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-graduate |archive-date=October 5, 2018 |access-date=April 28, 2020 |website=Metacritic |publisher=Fandom, Inc.}}

=Accolades=

class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
Award

! Category

! Nominee(s)

! Result

! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}

rowspan="7"| Academy Awards

| Best Picture

| Lawrence Turman

| {{nom}}

| align="center" rowspan="7"| {{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1968 |title=The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2011-11-10 |work=oscars.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103005223/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1968 |archive-date=2014-11-03}}

Best Director

| Mike Nichols

| {{won}}

Best Actor

| Dustin Hoffman

| {{nom}}

Best Actress

| Anne Bancroft

| {{nom}}

Best Supporting Actress

| Katharine Ross

| {{nom}}

Best Screenplay – Based on Material from Another Medium

| Buck Henry and Calder Willingham

| {{nom}}

Best Cinematography

| Robert L. Surtees

| {{nom}}

rowspan="7"| British Academy Film Awards

| Best Film

| rowspan="2"| Mike Nichols

| {{won}}

| align="center" rowspan="7"| {{cite web |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1969/film |title=BAFTA Awards: Film in 1969 |website=BAFTA |year=1969 |access-date=16 September 2016 |ref={{harvid|BAFTA|1969}} |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122045155/http://awards.bafta.org/award/1969/film |url-status=live}}

Best Direction

| {{won}}

Best Actress in a Leading Role

| Anne Bancroft

| {{nom}}

Best Screenplay

| Buck Henry and Calder Willingham

| {{won}}

Best Editing

| Sam O'Steen

| {{won}}

rowspan="2"| Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles

| Dustin Hoffman

| {{won}}

Katharine Ross

| {{nom}}

Directors Guild of America Awards

| Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures

| Mike Nichols

| {{won}}

| align="center"| {{cite web|url=https://www.dga.org/Awards/History/1960s/1967.aspx?value=1967|title=20th DGA Awards|website=Directors Guild of America Awards|access-date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711203208/http://www.dga.org/Awards/History/1960s/1967.aspx?value=1967|url-status=live}}

rowspan="7"| Golden Globe Awards

| colspan="2"| Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

| {{won}}

| align="center" rowspan="7"| {{cite web |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/graduate |title=The Graduate – Golden Globes |website=HFPA |access-date=July 5, 2021 |ref={{harvid|HFPA|1968}} |archive-date=August 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814055547/https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/graduate |url-status=live}}

Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

| Dustin Hoffman

| {{nom}}

Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

| Anne Bancroft

| {{won}}

Best Director – Motion Picture

| Mike Nichols

| {{won}}

Best Screenplay – Motion Picture

| Buck Henry and Calder Willingham

| {{nom}}

Most Promising Newcomer – Male

| Dustin Hoffman

| {{won}}

Most Promising Newcomer – Female

| Katharine Ross

| {{won}}

Grammy Awards

| Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special

| Dave Grusin and Paul Simon

| {{won}}

| align="center"| {{cite web| url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/11th-annual-grammy-awards-1968| title=1968 Grammy Award Winners| publisher=Grammy.com| access-date=1 May 2011| archive-date=May 26, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526192446/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/11th-annual-grammy-awards-1968| url-status=live}}

rowspan="4"| Laurel Awards

| colspan="2"| Top Comedy

| {{nom}}

| align="center" rowspan="4"|

Top Male Comedy Performance

| Dustin Hoffman

| {{nom}}

Top Female Dramatic Performance

| Anne Bancroft

| {{nom}}

Top Female Supporting Performance

| Katharine Ross

| {{won}}

National Board of Review Awards

| colspan="2"| Top Ten Films

| {{draw|8th Place}}

| align="center"| {{cite web |url=https://nationalboardofreview.org/award-years/1967/ |title=1967 Award Winners |website=National Board of Review |access-date=July 5, 2021 |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623051313/https://nationalboardofreview.org/award-years/1967/ |url-status=live}}

National Film Preservation Board

| colspan="2"| National Film Registry

| {{won|Inducted}}

| align="center"|

rowspan="3"| New York Film Critics Circle Awards

| colspan="2"| Best Film

| {{nom}}

| align="center" rowspan="3"| {{cite web|url=https://www.nyfcc.com/awards/?awardyear=1967 |title=1967 New York Film Critics Circle Awards |website=New York Film Critics Circle |access-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430113714/https://www.nyfcc.com/awards/?awardyear=1967 |archive-date=30 April 2021}}

Best Director

| Mike Nichols

| {{won}}

Best Screenplay

| Buck Henry and Calder Willingham

| {{nom}}

Online Film & Television Association Awards

| colspan="2"| Hall of Fame – Motion Picture

| {{won|Honored}}

| align="center"| {{cite web |url=http://www.oftaawards.com/film-hall-of-fame/film-hall-of-fame-productions/ |title=Film Hall of Fame Inductees: Productions |website=Online Film & Television Association |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511220305/http://www.oftaawards.com/film-hall-of-fame/film-hall-of-fame-productions/ |url-status=live}}

Producers Guild of America Awards

| PGA Hall of Fame – Motion Pictures

| Lawrence Turman – The Graduate

| {{won}}

| align="center"| {{cite web|title=PGA Award Winners 1990–2010 – Producers Guild of America|url=http://www.producersguild.org/page/PGA_Award_19902010|publisher=Producers Guild of America|access-date=August 27, 2017|archive-date=February 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222104232/http://www.producersguild.org/page/PGA_Award_19902010|url-status=live}}

rowspan="2"| Satellite Awards

| Best Classic DVD

| rowspan="2"| The Graduate: 40th Anniversary Edition

| {{won}}

| align="center" rowspan="2"| {{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2007/digital/awards/satellite-award-winners-announced-1117977840/ |title=Satellite Award winners announced |first=Erin |last=Maxwell |work=Variety |date=December 17, 2007 |access-date=August 12, 2022}}

Best DVD Extras

| {{nom}}

Writers Guild of America Awards

| Best Written American Comedy

| Buck Henry and Calder Willingham

| {{won}}

| align="center"| {{cite web|url=http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551|title=Awards Winners|work=wga.org|publisher=Writers Guild of America|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205095022/http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551|archive-date=2012-12-05|access-date=2010-06-06}}

In 1996, The Graduate was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", and placed #22 on the list of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada, adjusted for inflation.{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/|title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |website=Library of Congress|access-date=2020-02-27|archive-date=May 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507094100/https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/|url-status=live}}

The film is listed in 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die.{{cite book| title=1001 Movies You Muse See Before You Die| publisher=Quintessence Editions Ltd.| editor-first=Steven Jay| editor-last=Schneider| isbn=978-0-7641-6151-3| url=http://1001beforeyoudie.com/| place=London| date=September 2003| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110124836/http://1001beforeyoudie.com/| archive-date=January 10, 2014| df=mdy-all}}

The film appears on the following American Film Institute lists:

  • 1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #7{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-movies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412113202/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies100.pdf |archive-date=April 12, 2019 |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=American Film Institute}}
  • 2000: AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – #9{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-laughs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624052741/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/laughs100.pdf |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=American Film Institute}}
  • 2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #52{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-passions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624052654/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/passions100.pdf |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=American Film Institute}}
  • 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
  • "Mrs. Robinson" – #6{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-songs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313151657/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs100.pdf |archive-date=March 13, 2011 |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=American Film Institute}}
  • 2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
  • Mr. McGuire: "Plastics." – #42{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-movie-quotes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313150615/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/quotes100.pdf |archive-date=March 13, 2011 |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=American Film Institute}}
  • Benjamin Braddock: "Mrs. Robinson, you're trying to seduce me. Aren't you?" – #63
  • 2007: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – #17{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-movies-10th-anniversary-edition/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606072909/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/100Movies.pdf |archive-date=June 6, 2013 |access-date=2016-07-17 |website=American Film Institute}}

Stage adaptation

Terry Johnson's adaptation of the original novel and the film ran on both London's West End and Broadway, and has toured the United States. There is a Brazilian version adapted by Miguel Falabella. Several actresses have starred as Mrs. Robinson, including Kathleen Turner, Lorraine Bracco, Jerry Hall, Amanda Donohoe, Morgan Fairchild, Anne Archer, Vera Fischer, Patricia Richardson and Linda Gray.

The stage production adds several scenes not in the novel nor the film, as well as using material from both film and novel.{{cite web | last=Murray | first=Matthew | title=The Graduate | website=Talkin'Broadway | date=April 4, 2002 | url=https://www.talkinbroadway.com/world/Graduate.html | access-date=September 14, 2019 | archive-date=May 25, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525193439/http://www.talkinbroadway.com/world/Graduate.html | url-status=live }}

The soundtrack uses songs by Simon & Garfunkel also not used in the film, such as "Bridge Over Troubled Water", as well as music from other popular musicians from the era, such as The Byrds and The Beach Boys.{{cite web | first1=Barbara | last1=Siegel | first2=Scott | last2=Siegel | title=The Graduate | website=TheaterMania | url=https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/reviews/the-graduate_2064.html | date=April 5, 2002 | access-date=September 15, 2019 | archive-date=December 13, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213131052/https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/reviews/the-graduate_2064.html | url-status=live }} The West End production opened at the Gielgud Theatre on April 5, 2000, after previews from March 24, with Kathleen Turner starring as Mrs. Robinson.{{cite web | last=Shenton | first=Mark | title=Kathleen Turner to Graduate to West End as Mrs. Robinson | website=Playbill | date=December 20, 1999 | url=http://www.playbill.com/article/kathleen-turner-to-graduate-to-west-end-as-mrs-robinson-com-86082 | access-date=September 14, 2019 | archive-date=December 13, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213140226/http://www.playbill.com/article/kathleen-turner-to-graduate-to-west-end-as-mrs-robinson-com-86082 | url-status=live }}{{cite web | last=Wolf | first=Matt | title=The Graduate – Turner's Mrs. Robinson Turns Heads in London's West End | website=Variety | date=April 10, 2000 | url=https://variety.com/2000/film/reviews/the-graduate-turner-s-mrs-robinson-turns-heads-in-london-s-west-end-1200461825/ | access-date=September 14, 2019 | archive-date=December 13, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213123844/https://variety.com/2000/film/reviews/the-graduate-turner-s-mrs-robinson-turns-heads-in-london-s-west-end-1200461825/ | url-status=live }} Jerry Hall replaced Turner from July 31, 2000, followed by Amanda Donohoe from February 2001, Anne Archer from June 2001, and Linda Gray from October 2001.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1768900.stm |title=The Graduate's London term ends |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124946/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1768900.stm |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |work=BBC News |date=18 January 2002 |url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Davies |first=Hugh |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1308832/Curtain-rises-on-the-new-Mrs-Robinson.html |title=Curtain rises on the new Mrs Robinson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213133424/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1308832/Curtain-rises-on-the-new-Mrs-Robinson.html |archive-date=December 13, 2018 |work=The Telegraph |date=12 June 2001}} The production closed in January 2002. The 2003 U.K. touring production starred Glynis Barber as Mrs. Robinson.{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/3601911/Glynis-keeps-her-kit-on-and-pulls-it-off.html|work=The Telegraph|title=Glynis keeps her kit on and pulls it off|date=5 September 2003|access-date=18 May 2016|archive-date=December 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213124011/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/3601911/Glynis-keeps-her-kit-on-and-pulls-it-off.html|url-status=live}}

The Broadway production opened at the Plymouth Theatre April 4, 2002, and closed March 2, 2003, after 380 performances. Directed by Terry Johnson, the play featured the cast of Jason Biggs as Benjamin Braddock, Alicia Silverstone as Elaine Robinson, and Kathleen Turner as Mrs. Robinson. The play received no award nominations.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=13279 |title=The Graduate on Broadway |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518154315/http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=13279 |archive-date=May 18, 2015 |url-status=live |website=ibdb.com |access-date=May 12, 2015}} Linda Gray briefly filled in for Turner in September 2002. Lorraine Bracco replaced Turner from November 19, 2002.{{cite web | last1=Gans | first1=Andrew | last2=Simonson | first2=Robert | author-link2=Robert Simonson | title=Lorraine Bracco Officially Opens in Broadway Graduate Dec. 15 | website=Playbill | date=December 15, 2002 | url=http://www.playbill.com/article/lorraine-bracco-officially-opens-in-broadway-graduate-dec-15-com-109863 | access-date=September 14, 2019 | archive-date=December 13, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213144417/http://www.playbill.com/article/lorraine-bracco-officially-opens-in-broadway-graduate-dec-15-com-109863 | url-status=live }}

The Graduate ran at the Cape Playhouse (Dennis, Massachusetts) in July 2011, and starred Patricia Richardson.{{cite web | last=Hetrick | first=Adam | title=Cape Playhouse Casts Patricia Richardson, Joel Higgins, Dee Hoty, Josh Grisetti and Bradley Dean for Summer | website=Playbill | date=June 3, 2011 | url=http://www.playbill.com/article/cape-playhouse-casts-patricia-richardson-joel-higgins-dee-hoty-josh-grisetti-and-bradley-dean-for-summer-com-179766 | access-date=September 14, 2019 | archive-date=December 13, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213144512/http://www.playbill.com/article/cape-playhouse-casts-patricia-richardson-joel-higgins-dee-hoty-josh-grisetti-and-bradley-dean-for-summer-com-179766 | url-status=live }}

Possible sequel

Charles Webb wrote a sequel to his original novel, titled Home School, but initially refused to publish it in its entirety because of a contract he signed in the 1960s. When he sold the film rights to The Graduate, he surrendered the rights to any sequels. If he were to publish Home School, the French media company that owns the rights to The Graduate, Canal+, would be able to adapt it for the screen without his permission.{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/mar/27/books.world| date=25 March 2005| access-date=2007-10-12| first=David| last=Smith| work=The Guardian| title=What happened next? (the author will let you know after he dies)| archive-date=December 13, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213125215/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/mar/27/books.world| url-status=live}} Extracts of Home School were printed in The Times on May 2, 2006.{{cite news| title=Mrs Robinson Returns| url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/inside-information-zh7cd8g8bgz| date=2 May 2006| access-date=2021-11-15| first=Charles| last=Webb| work=The Times| archive-date=March 11, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311010423/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article711893.ece| url-status=live}} Webb told the newspaper there was a possibility he would find a publisher for the full text, provided he could retrieve the film rights using French copyright law.{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/the-graduates-not-so-happy-sequel-krzgdwtq650| title=The Graduate's not-so-happy sequel| last=Malvern| first=Jack| date=18 April 2006| work=The Times| access-date=2014-03-03| archive-date=December 20, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220122311/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/article1947306.ece| url-status=live}} On May 30, 2006, The Times reported Webb had signed a publishing deal for Home School with Random House, which he hoped would enable him to instruct French lawyers to attempt to retrieve his rights. The novel was published in Britain in 2007.{{cite news| first=Jack| last=Malvern| title=At last, Mrs Robinson is getting her groove back| work=The Times| date=30 May 2006| access-date=2021-11-15| url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/europe-travel/france/paris/at-last-mrs-robinson-is-getting-her-groove-back-gcmb77fkqdk| archive-date=March 11, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311010044/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article669582.ece| url-status=live}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

=Bibliography=

  • {{Cite book |last=Gray |first=Beverly |year=2017 |title=Seduced by Mrs. Robinson: How The Graduate Became the Touchstone of a Generation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yZbfDQAAQBAJ |location=Chapel Hill, N.C. |publisher=Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill |isbn=9781616207663 |oclc=990141379}}
  • {{cite book|last=Whitehead |first=J. W. |year=2011 |title=Appraising The Graduate: The Mike Nichols Classic and Its Impact in Hollywood |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-6306-0}}