Login
Login

Timeline of Benghazi

{{short description|None}}

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Benghazi, Libya.{{refn|group=nb|The city of Benghazi is also called: Banghāzī, Bengasi, Bengazi, Benghasi, Berenice, Bernîk, Bingazi, Binghāzī, Euesperides, and Hesperides }}

{{Dynamic list}}

{{TOC right}}

Prior to 20th century

{{History of Libya}}

  • 7th century BCE - Euesperides founded by Cyrenians near the site of present-day Benghazi.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
  • 1517 CE - Cyrenaica becomes part of Ottoman Tripolitania.{{chronology citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1577 - Atiq Mosque built.{{chronology citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1816/1817 - {{illm|مذبحة الجوازي|ar|lt=Massacre}} occurs at the {{illm|Ottoman fortress|ar|القلعة التركية (بنغازي)}}.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1820 - Alhadadp Mosque founded.(ar){{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1827 - British consulate established.
  • 1858 - Plague outbreak.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1869 - Administrative Benghazi mutessariflik (province) created.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
  • 1874 - Plague outbreak.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1895
  • {{illm|قشلة البركة|ar|lt=Barracks}} built in Al-Berka.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • Italian "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" active in Benghazi.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}

20th century

=1900s-1940s=

  • 1906 - {{illm|سوق الظلام|ar|lt=Market}} burns down.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1911
  • 19 October: Town occupied by Italian forces during the Italo-Turkish War.
  • Population: 35,000.{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |title-link=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1921 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Italy: Tripoli and Cyrenaica |hdl=2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1083 |chapter-url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1083 |via=HathiTrust }}
  • 1913 - Albergo Italia (hotel) built.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1914 - {{illm|Benghazi-Barce Railway|it|Ferrovia Bengasi-Barce|lt=Benghazi–Benina railway }} begins operating.
  • 1916 - {{illm|Benghazi Central Station|it|Stazione di Bengasi Centrale}} built.{{citation |title=Stazione Ferroviaria di Bengasi |work=Rivista Mensile |publisher=Touring Club Italiano |language=it |year=1916 |url=http://repository.digitouring.it/tciir/testi/reader/IT-MI0332_TCI-BR0000022#page/622/mode/2up |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108141233/http://repository.digitouring.it/tciir/testi/reader/IT-MI0332_TCI-BR0000022#page/622/mode/2up |archive-date=2015-01-08 }}
  • 1922 - Benghazi Lighthouse built.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1924 - City Hall built.
  • 1926 - {{illm|Benghazi-Suluq Railway|it|Ferrovia Bengasi-Soluch}} begins operating.
  • 1927
  • {{illm|Benghazi-Barce Railway|it|Ferrovia Bengasi-Barce|lt=Benghazi–Marj railway }} begins operating.
  • Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Cyrenaica established.{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Libya |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/libya |publisher=Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo |location=Norway |access-date= 1 August 2017 }}
  • 1928 - {{illm|Berenice Theatre|ar|المسرح البلدي ببنغازي}} opens.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1931 - September: Trial of Omar Mukhtar, leading to his execution on 16 September in nearby Suluq.
  • 1934
  • Pier built in the Port of Benghazi.{{sfn|Marthelot|1964}}
  • Administrative Benghazi Province created.{{chronology citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1936 - {{illm|Hotel Berenice|ar|فندق برنيتشي}} built.{{cite book|author= Brian McLaren |title=Architecture and Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya: An Ambivalent Modernism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lrYlxdX7DIC|year=2006|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-98542-8}}
  • 1937 - March: Mussolini visits Benghazi.
  • 1939 - Benghazi Cathedral built.
  • 1942
  • November: British forces take city during the Battle of El Agheila in World War II.{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Benghazi |title=Benghazi |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |access-date= 2 August 2017 }}
  • Italian rule ends.
  • Omar al-Mukhtar Society formed.{{sfn|Mattawa|2007}}{{chronology citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1945 - Population: 60,000 (approximate).{{cite journal |title=Growth and change in Libya's settlements system |author= Saad Khalil Kezeiri |location=Athens |journal= Ekistics |volume=53 |jstor=43620696 |year=1986 |issue= 316/317 |pages= 34–41 }}
  • 1947 - Ahly Benghazi football club active.

=1950s-1990s=

  • 1952
  • Al-Hilal SC (sport club) formed.
  • University of Oxford's Ashmolean Expedition to Cyrenaica begins its archaeological excavation of Euesperides site.{{sfn|Vickers|1994}}
  • 1953 - City boundary established.{{sfn|Bulugma|1964}}
  • 1954 - Al Tahaddy SC (football club) formed.
  • 1955 - University of Libya founded.
  • 1956 - Benghazi Zoo founded.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1957 - Benghazi Military University Academy established.
  • 1964 - Population: 137,295.{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=140–161 }}
  • 1967 - Stadium and Suliman Ad-Dharrath Arena{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} open.
  • 1970s - Giuliana Bridge opens.
  • 1973
  • University of Benghazi active.
  • Population: 266,000.
  • 1980 - February: Protest at French consulate.{{cite book|publisher=Europa Publications |title=Political Chronology of Africa |series=Political Chronologies of the World |year= 2001 |isbn=0203409957 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0O86sZdHfHUC |chapter=Libya }}
  • 1982
  • March: Part of 1982 African Cup of Nations football contest held in Benghazi.
  • {{illm|معرض بنغازي الصناعي|ar|lt=Convention centre}} built.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1984 - Population: 442,860.
  • 1986 - 15 April: Aerial bombing of city by United States forces.{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13755445 |title= Libya Profile: Timeline |date= 13 June 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date= 1 August 2017 }}
  • 1989 - Tibesti Hotel (hi-rise) built.{{cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/city/102626/benghazi-libya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802002316/https://www.emporis.com/city/102626/benghazi-libya |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |title= Libya: Benghazi |work=Emporis.com |publisher=Emporis GmbH |location=Hamburg |url-status=usurped |access-date= 1 August 2017 }}
  • 1990 - Population: 800,000 (estimate).{{cite web |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2009-2010/Table08.pdf |work= Demographic Yearbook 2010 |publisher= United Nations Statistics Division |title= Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120710195658/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2009-2010/Table08.pdf |archive-date= 2012-07-10 }}
  • 1991 - "Administrative Office Complex" (hi-rise) built.
  • 1993 - September: Great Man-Made River constructed; water begins flowing to Benghazi.{{citation |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4814988.stm |title=Libya's thirst for 'fossil water' |date= 18 March 2006 }}
  • 2000
  • 1 September: Al-Ahly football stadium demolished.{{citation |work=The Guardian |location=UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/25/libya-gaddafi-al-ahly-football-benghazi |title= Libya: A donkey taunt, the Gaddafis and a fatal footballing rivalry |date=25 May 2011 }}
  • September: Unrest.

21st century

{{see also|Timeline of the Libyan Civil War (2014–present)}}

  • 2005 - Population: 685,367 (estimate).
  • 2006 - 15 February: Protest against Muhammad cartoons.
  • 2007 - Quryna newspaper begins publication.
  • 2008 - {{illm|Sirt–Benghazi Railway|de|Bahnstrecke Sirt–Bengasi}} construction begins.
  • 2009 - Martyrs of February Stadium opens in nearby Benina.
  • 2011
  • 15 February: Arab Spring-related protest; Libyan Civil War (2011) begins.
  • Al Kalima newspaper begins publication.
  • 2012
  • 19 May: Local election held.
  • June: Pro-autonomy mob ransacks the election commission building.
  • September: United States consulate attacked.
  • 2014
  • 16 May: Benina International Airport closes due to fighting.
  • 15 October: Battle of Benghazi begins.
  • 2017
  • 18 April: Abdelrahman Alabbar becomes mayor.{{cite web |url=http://benghazimun.ly/?p=3196 |language=ar |title=مراسم التسليم والاستلام المستشار عبدالرحمن العبار عميدآ لبلدية بنغازي |trans-title= Ceremony for Abdelrahman Alabbar, Mayor of Benghazi Municipality |date= 18 April 2017 |work=Benghazimun.ly |access-date= 1 August 2017 }}
  • 15 July: Benina Airport reopens.
  • 27 July: Battle of Benghazi officially concludes.

See also

Notes

{{Reflist|group=nb}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

:This article incorporates information from the Arabic Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, and Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{citation |title=Geografia etnologica e storica della Tripolitania, Cirenaica e Fezzan |author=Ferdinando Borsari |language=it |location=Turin |publisher= Ermanno Loescher |year= 1888

|chapter= Evesperide o Berenice (Bengasi)

|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mlhBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA153

}}

  • {{cite book|author= Giacomo De Martino|author-link= Giacomo De Martino (governor)|title=Cirene e Cartagine |location=Bologna |language=it |publisher= Nicola Zanichelli |year= 1908

|chapter=Bengasi |pages=85–110

|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8qhCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA85

}}

  • {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bengazi |volume= 3 |last= Hogarth |first= David George |author-link= David George Hogarth | page = 736 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Leipzig |title = The Mediterranean |date = 1911 |oclc = 490068

|chapter-url =https://archive.org/stream/mediterraneansea00karl#page/412/mode/1up

|chapter = Benghazi

| ref = {{harvid|Baedeker|1911}}

}}

  • {{citation |title= Enciclopedia Italiana (Treccani) |title-link=Enciclopedia Italiana

|language=it

|year= 1930

|chapter-url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/bengasi_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/

|chapter= Bengasi

| ref = {{harvid|Treccani|1930}}

}}

  • {{cite magazine |title=Cirenaica: Rossa di sangue, verde di piante |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XZ-kK-N9Ro0C&pg=RA9-PA6 |magazine=Varietas |location=Milan |language=it |volume=30 |year= 1934

}} (Includes information about Benghazi)

  • {{cite book |publisher =E.J. Brill |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |year=1960

|chapter= Beng̲hāzī |author=J. Despois |author-link=:fr:Jean Despois

|title-link=Encyclopaedia of Islam }}

  • {{cite book |publisher =E.J. Brill |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |year=1913

|chapter= Beng̲hāzī |author= Ewald Banse |author-link= Ewald Banse }}

  • {{cite book |author=Richard George Goodchild |author-link=:fr:Richard George Goodchild |title= Benghazi, the story of a city |oclc=822712914 |year= 1954

}}

  • {{cite thesis |author= Hadi M.R. Bulugma |title=Urban Geography of Benghazi |type=Ph.D. |publisher=Durham University |url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9559/ |year= 1964

| ref = {{harvid|Bulugma|1964}}

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite journal |author=Pierre Marthelot |title= Une ville aux chances successives: Benghazi |journal=Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français |oclc= 876706131 |volume=41 |doi= 10.3406/bagf.1964.5705 |language=fr |via= Persee.fr |year= 1964

|issue= 328 |pages= 32–41 | ref = {{harvid|Marthelot|1964}}

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite book |author= Hadi M. Bulugma |title= Benghazi through the Ages |location=Tripoli |oclc=28490247 |year=1968

}}

  • {{cite journal |author=John Wright |title=Wadai-Benghazi Slave Route |journal= Slavery & Abolition |issn=0144-039X |volume= 13 |year=1992

}}

  • {{cite book |author=Francesco Prestopino |title= Una città e il suo fotografo: la Bengasi coloniale, 1912-1941 |location=Milan |language=it |isbn=8877998423 |year= 1999

}}

  • {{cite journal |title=Dispatches from Benghazi |author= Khaled Mattawa |author-link= Khaled Mattawa |journal= PMLA |publisher=Modern Language Association |location=US |volume= 122 |jstor=25501686 |year= 2007

|issue= 1 |pages= 264–270 |doi= 10.1632/pmla.2007.122.1.264 |s2cid= 162208623 | ref = {{harvid|Mattawa|2007}}

}}

  • {{cite journal |title='Whoever Controls Benghazi Controls Libya': A revolutionary city rises in the shadow of strongman Khalifa Haftar |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/07/benghazi-libya/532056/ |author=Frederic Wehrey |author-link=Frederic Wehrey |journal=The Atlantic |location=US |date=1 July 2017

}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|History of Benghazi}}

  • {{cite web |url= http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Benghazi%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D |title= (Benghazi) |work=Directory of Open Access Journals |location=UK }} (Bibliography of open access {{open access}} articles)
  • [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=Benghazi+Libya&rows=96 Items related to Benghazi], various dates (via Europeana)
  • [http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Benghazi+Libya&utf8=✓ Items related to Benghazi], various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Benghazi |title=(Benghazi) |work= AfricaBib.org }} (Bibliography)

Images

File:Municipality Theatre of Benghazi.jpg|Berenice Theatre, Benghazi, opened in 1928; designed by Marcello Piacentini

{{Years in Libya}}

{{Timelines of cities in Africa}}

Category:History of Benghazi

Benghazi

Category:Years in Libya

Category:Libya history-related lists