Timeline of Tripoli
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tripoli, Libya.
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Prior to 19th century
Image:1675 Tripoli in Barbary by John Seller.png
{{History of Libya}}
- 7th C. BCE
- Tripoli was founded by Phoenicians{{Cite book|last=Birley|first=Anthony R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GcmEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|title=Septimius Severus: The African Emperor|date=2002-06-01|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-70746-1|language=en}}
- Cyrenaica (eastern coastal region of Libya) colonized by the Greeks
- 2nd C. BCE - Romans in power.
- 163 CE - Roman Triumphal Arch built (approximate date).{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
- 533- Successful recovered by Byzantines of Egypt
- 643 - Rashidun caliphate subdued Tripoli.{{cite web |last1=Khalid |first1=Mahmud |title=Libya in the shadows of Islam.. How did Amr ibn al-Aas and his companions conquer Cyrenaica and Tripoli? |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/midan/intellect/history/2020/10/5/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B8%D9%90%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86 |website=aljazeera |access-date=5 December 2021 |page=Ibn Abd al-Hakam: al-Maqrib, pp. 198, 199 |language=ar |date=2020 |quote=Ibn Abd al-Hakam: al-Maqrib, pp. 198, 199}}
- 1140 - Normans in power in Tripolitania.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
- 1149 - Tripoli pillaged by the Normans of Sicily.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1401 - Tripoli was reconquered by the Tunisians.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1510 - 25 July: Spanish forces captured the city; {{sfn|Britannica|1910}} it remained under Spanish rule for the next two decades.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1530 - Tripoli granted to the Knights Hospitaller; it remained under their rule for the next two decades.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1551 - August: City besieged by Ottoman forces led by Sinan Pasha, Turgut Reis, and Murad Agha.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1556 - Cathedral mosque built.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1559 - St. Peter fortress built.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1604 - Iskandar Pasha hammam built.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1610 - Jama'a al-Naqa'a (mosque of the camel) restored.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1654 - Uthman Pasha Madrasa built.
- 1670 - Sidi Salem (building) restored.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1671 - Darghouth Turkish Bath established.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
- 1675 - Conflict between Barbary corsairs and British naval forces.{{Citation |publisher = Charles Knight |location = London |author = Henry Teonge |author-link = Henry Teonge |url = https://archive.org/stream/diaryofhenryteon00teon#page/n11/mode/2up |title = The diary of Henry Teonge, chaplain on board His Majesty's ships Assistance, Bristol, and Royal Oak, anno 1675 to 1679 |date = 1825 }}
- 1680 - Mosque of Mahmud Khaznadar built.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1699 - Mosque of Muhammad Pasha built.
- 1711 - Ahmed Karamanli in power.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1736 - Ahmad Pasha al-Qarahmanli mosque built.{{cite web |url=http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=2200 |title=Tripoli |publisher=ArchNet |access-date=26 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505034709/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=2200 |archive-date=5 May 2008 }}
19th century
- 1801 - First Barbary War begins.
- 1804 - Second Battle of Tripoli Harbor.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1815 - Second Barbary War.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1823 - Population: 15,000.{{sfn|Morse|1823}}
- 1825 - August: Battle of Tripoli.
- 1834 - Gurgi Mosque built.
- 1835 - Ottomans in power.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1846 - Santa Maria degli Angeli church built.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
- 1858 - Arab demonstrations.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1859 - Technical school established.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1860 - Bab el-Jedid (gate) opens.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
- 1870 - Torre dell'Orologio built.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
- 1879 - Primary schools open.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1882 - Population: 25,000.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1883 - Royal Italian School opens.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
20th century
- 1911
- Italo-Turkish War
- Population: 29,869.{{sfn|Micara|2008}}
- 1919 - Archaeological Museum established in the Red Castle
- 1924 - Lungomare Conte Volpi constructed.{{Citation |publisher = University of Washington Press |isbn = 9780295985428 |ol = 10315132M |title = Architecture And Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya |author = Brian L. McLaren |date = 2006 |id = 0295985429 }}
- 1925
- Tripoli Grand Prix begins.
- Grand Hotel built.
- 1927 - Tripoli International Fair begins.
- 1928 - Tripoli Cathedral, Miramare Theatre,{{sfn|Henneberg|1994}} and Bank of Italy building constructed.
- 1929 - Governor's Palace built.{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9780415194631 |location = London |title = Moderns abroad: architecture, cities, and Italian imperialism |url = https://archive.org/details/modernsabroadarc0000full |author = Mia Fuller |date = 2007 |id = 0415194636 |url-access = registration }}
- 1935 - Suq al-Mushir reconstructed.{{sfn|Henneberg|1994}}
- 1937 - March: Mussolini visits city.{{cite book |title=Il Duce in Libia |year=1938 |language=it }}{{Citation |publisher = Berghahn Books |isbn = 9781571815408 |ol = 12202623M |title = Journeys Through Fascism: Italian Travel-Writing between the Wars |author = Charles Burdett |date = 2007 |id = 1571815406 }}
- 1938
- Population: 108,240.
- Italian military airfield built.
- 1939 - 7 October Stadium built.
- 1943
- Allied forces in power; British occupation begins.
- British military airport Castel Benito in operation.
- 1944
- Al-Ittihad Sport, Cultural and Social Club formed.
- United States military base built at Wheelus Field.{{sfn|Harrison|1967}}
- 1950
- Al-Ahly Sports Club formed.
- Corriere del Lunedi founded.
- 1951 - City becomes capital of United Libyan Kingdom.
- 1953 - Almadina Sporting Club formed.
- 1964 - Population: 213,506.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants }}
- 1973
- University of Tripoli established.
- Population: 551,477.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262–321 }}
- 1975 - Misurata-Tripoli highway constructed.{{citation |author1=Sweco |author2= Nordic Consulting Group |url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/00473227-EN-TAH-FINAL-VOL2.PDF |publisher=African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa |title=Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links |volume= 2: Description of Corridors |year=2003 |author1-link= Sweco }}
- 1978
- Libyan Studies Center opens.
- Tripoli International Airport renovated.
- 1982
- June 11 Stadium opens.
- Grand Hotel Tripoli built.
- 1986 - 15 April - Aerial bombing by United States forces.
- 1990 - That El Emad Towers built.
- 2000 - GMR Stadium opens.
21st century
File:Tripoli beach remote view 20090928 cropped.jpg
- 2011
- 17–25 February: Tripoli protests and clashes.
- 20–28 August: Battle of Tripoli.
- 11 October: Tripoli International Airport re-opens.
- 14 October: Tripoli clashes.
- Population: 1,127,000.{{cite book |url=http://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ |title=The State of African Cities 2014 |isbn=978-92-1-132598-0 |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195641/https://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ |archive-date=2014-09-10 |date=2015-09-10 }}
- 2012 - General National Congress begins meeting in Ghabat Al Nasr Convention Centre.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
- 2020 - Since January 6, 2020, GNA started entering the town, recapturing it from LNA.
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
- {{Citation |publisher = John Conrad |location = Philadelphia |title = Travels of Ali Bey in Morocco, Tripoli, Cyprus, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, and Turkey, Between the Years 1803 and 1807 |author = Ali Bey |author-link=Ali Bey al-Abbasi |date = 1816 |oclc = 754174 |chapter = Chapter 22 (Tripoli) |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/travelsalibeyps01beygoog#page/n278/mode/2up|ref=none
}}
- {{Citation |title = Letters Written During a Ten Years' Residence at the Court of Tripoli |author=Richard Tully |date = 1819 |publisher = H. Colburn |edition =3rd |location=London|ref=none
}}. [https://archive.org/stream/letterswrittend00tullgoog#page/n8/mode/2up v.1]
- {{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |location = New Haven |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |author-link1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = A New Universal Gazetteer |date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/772/mode/2up |chapter=Tripoli
|ref= {{harvid|Morse|1823}}
|ol = 7216242M }}
- {{Citation |publisher = J.Duncan |location = London |title = The Modern Traveller |author = Josiah Conder |author-link=Josiah Conder (editor and author) |date = 1830 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/moderntraveller02condiala#page/32/mode/2up |chapter=Tripoli|ref=none
}}
- {{Citation |location = London |title = Bibliography of the Barbary States, Part 1: Tripoli and the Cyrenaica |author=R. Lambert Playfair |author-link=Lambert Playfair |date=1889 |oclc=12038289|ref=none
|ol = 14046206M }}
- {{Citation |title = Handbook to the Mediterranean |date = 1892 |edition =3rd |publisher = John Murray |location = London |author=R. Lambert Playfair |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/handbooktomedit02firgoog#page/n115/mode/2up |chapter=Tripoli|ref=none
}}
- {{Citation |publisher = Hakluyt Society |location = London |title = History and Description of Africa |author1 = Leo Africanus |author2-link = John Pory |date = 1896 |oclc = 2649691 |author2= John Pory |editor=Robert Brown |editor-link=Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Caithness) |chapter=Tripolis in Barbarie |volume=3 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/historyanddescr01porygoog#page/n51/mode/2up|ref=none
|author1-link = Leo Africanus }}
- {{cite book |title=Guide to the Western Mediterranean |year=1906 |publisher=Macmillan and Co. |location= London |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=btU_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA104 |chapter=Tripoli
}}
- {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Tripoli (North Africa) |volume= 27 |last1= Keane |first1= Augustus Henry |author1-link= Augustus Henry Keane |last2= Cana |first2= Frank Richardson | pages = 288–291 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
- {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Leipzig |title = The Mediterranean |date = 1911 |oclc = 490068 |chapter-url =https://archive.org/stream/mediterraneansea00karl#page/406/mode/2up |chapter = Tripoli
|ref= {{harvid|Baedeker|1911}}
}}
- {{Citation |publisher = C. Scribner's Sons |location = New York |title = Gateway to the Sahara: Observations and Experiences in Tripoli |author = Charles Wellington Furlong |author-link=Charles Wellington Furlong |edition=2nd |date = 1914 |oclc = 4904661 |ref=none
|ol = 6569158M }}
- {{cite book |chapter=Tripoli |page= 814+ |publisher =E.J. Brill |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |year=1936
|title-link= Encyclopaedia of Islam }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=wpM3AAAAIAAJ via Google Books]
- {{cite journal |title=Migrants in the City of Tripoli, Libya |author= Robert S. Harrison |journal= Geographical Review |volume=57 |year=1967
|ref= {{harvid|Harrison|1967}}
}}
- Ward, Philip. 1969. Tripoli: Portrait of a City. Cambridge, England: The Oleander Press,
- Warfelli, Muhammad. 1976. The Old City of Tripoli. Art and Archaeology Research Papers.
- {{cite journal |author=M. Brett |title=The City-State in Medieval Ifriqiya: the Case of Tripoli |journal=Les Cahiers de Tunisie |volume=34 |year=1986
}}
- {{cite book |title=Streets: Critical Perspectives on Public Space |publisher=University of California Press |year=1994 |chapter=Tripoli: Piazza Castello and the Making of a Fascist Colonial Capital |author=Krystyna von Henneberg |editor1=Zeynep Çelik |editor2=Diane Favro |editor3=Richard Ingersoll
|ref= {{harvid|Henneberg|1994}}
}}
- {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor-link= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |year=2003
|chapter= Tripoli, Libya
}}
- {{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African History |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-57958-245-6 |editor= Kevin Shillington |editor-link= Kevin Shillington |year= 2005
|chapter= Tripoli
}}
- {{cite book |title=The City in the Islamic World |year=2008 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |author= Ludovico Micara |chapter=Ottoman Tripoli: a Mediterranean Medina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nY2DqJNPmioC
|ref= {{harvid|Micara|2008}}
|isbn=978-9004162402 }}
- {{cite journal |journal=University Bulletin |number=2 |volume =18 |title=Urban Growth and Sustainability in Tripoli, Libya |author= Ali Irhuma Abubrig |url=http://www.bulletin.zu.edu.ly/issue_n18_2/english_Dowanload.htm |publisher=Al Zawiya University |location=Libya |year= 2016
}} {{free access}}
{{refend}}
External links
{{commons category|Tripoli, Libya}}
- {{cite web |url= https://www.qdl.qa/en/search/site/Tripoli%2520Libya |title=(Tripoli) |via= Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library }} (Images, etc.)
- {{cite web |url= https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/search?q=Tripoli+Libya&rows=96 |title= (Tripoli) |via= Europeana }} (Images, etc.)
- {{cite web |url= http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Tripoli+Libya&utf8=✓ |title= (Tripoli) |via= Digital Public Library of America }} (Images, etc.)
- {{cite web |url= http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/vk/?k0=title&v0=Tripoli&c=UBFfm631&c=GIGA_swb&c=ascLeiden&c=NAI&c=IFEAS&c=ilissOLC&c=AiLiSs&c=base&c=dkg |title=(Tripoli) |publisher= Frankfurt University Library |work=Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa |date=15 January 2019 |location=Germany }} (Bibliography)
- {{cite web |url= http://www.connecting-africa.net/query_2.php?F9=0&S0=Tripoli&F0=0 |title=(Tripoli) |work=Connecting-Africa |publisher=African Studies Centre |location=Leiden, Netherlands }} (Bibliography)
- {{cite web |url= http://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Tripoli |title=(Tripoli) |work= AfricaBib.org }} (Bibliography)
- {{cite web |url= http://www.blackpast.org/gah/tripoli-libya-7th-century-bce |title= Tripoli, Libya |work= BlackPast.org |date= 3 September 2014 |location=USA }}
{{Tripoli}}
{{Neighborhoods of Tripoli}}
{{Years in Libya}}
{{Timelines of cities in Africa}}