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Timeline of Philadelphia

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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

{{Dynamic list}}

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

  • 1901 Philadelphia Mummers are inaugurated
  • Philadelphia Athletics are formed
  • Philadelphia City Hall built
  • 1902
  • Automat eatery in business.
  • Corn Exchange National Bank building constructed.{{sfn|New York Times|2013|ps=: "Four Square Blocks"}}
  • 1903 – Textile strike.{{sfn|Federal Writers' Project|1937}}
  • 1905 – City Club of Philadelphia chartered.{{Citation |location = Chicago |publisher = City Club of Chicago |url = http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001753971 |title =City Clubs in America |date = 1922 }}
  • 1907
  • Broad Street Subway begins operation.
  • March 7: Market Street Subway begins operation.
  • 1908 - Celebration of the 225th anniversary of the foundation of the city.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1909 – Bureau of Municipal Research established.{{cite web |url=http://economyleague.org/about/history |title=History |publisher=Economy League of Greater Philadelphia |access-date=November 21, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527140146/http://economyleague.org/about/history |archive-date=May 27, 2013 }}
  • 1910
  • Philadelphia Athletics win World Series over Chicago Cubs
  • Philadelphia general strike (1910)
  • Population: 1,549,008.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1911 Philadelphia Athletes win World Series over New York Giants
  • 1913 Philadelphia Athletics win World Series over New York Giants
  • 1914 – Empress Theater and Christian Street YMCA{{cite book|author= Nina Mjagkij |title=Light in the Darkness: African Americans and the YMCA, 1852–1946|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyZTCw1WrCYC&pg=PA139 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=0-8131-2801-3 |year=1994 }} open.
  • 1915
  • Martin Nodell was born in Philadelphia.{{cite journal|url= http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2011/0617/Superhero-summer-Behind-Green-Lantern-and-the-rest-an-American-story| title=Superhero summer: Behind 'Green Lantern' and the rest, an American story|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623172041/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2011/0617/Superhero-summer-Behind-Green-Lantern-and-the-rest-an-American-story|archive-date=June 23, 2011|url-status=live|first=Gloria|last= Goodale|date= June 17, 2011 |journal=The Christian Science Monitor | page= [http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2011/0617/Superhero-summer-Behind-Green-Lantern-and-the-rest-an-American-story/(page)/2 2]}}
  • South 9th Street Italian Market charteredCommonwealth of Pennsylvania, Corporations Bureau, Articles of Incorporation, Entity Number 3836800, Recorded 4/15/1916, corporations.pa.gov/Search/corpsearch
  • 1917 – American Stores Company in business.{{Citation |publisher = McGraw-Hill |location = New York |author1 = Walter S. Hayward |author2=Percival White |title = Chain Stores: their Management and Operation |date = 1922 |ol = 7157624M }}
  • 1918
  • September 19: The Spanish Flu hits through the Philadelphia Navy Yard from sailors returning from Europe
  • September 28: Liberty Loan Parade leads to explosion of influenza {{Cite web|date=2018-09-27|title=100 years ago, 'Spanish flu' shut down Philadelphia – and wiped out thousands|url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/100-years-ago-spanish-flu-philadelphia-killed-thousands-influenza-epidemic-libery-loan-parade/|access-date=2021-09-21|website=PhillyVoice|language=english}}
  • October: Spanish flu explodes in Philadelphia killing 12,000 and sickening over 48,000
  • 1919
  • July: Racial unrest.
  • Aero Service Corporation in business.
  • 1920
  • Colored Dunbar Theatre built (approximate date).{{cite journal |title=Colored Dunbar Theatre |journal=The Crisis |date=April 1920 |url=http://www.modjourn.org/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=crisiscollection |volume=19 |number=6 |publisher=National Association for the Advancement of Colored People }}
  • Population: 1,823,779.
  • 1921 – Municipal piers built on Delaware River.
  • 1923 – Philadelphia trolley bus (trackless trolley) system opens.
  • 1924 – Curtis Institute of Music established.{{sfn|Federal Writers' Project|1937}}
  • 1925 – Philadelphia Daily News begins publication.
  • 1926
  • Roosevelt Theatre and Benjamin Franklin Bridge to Camden, New Jersey, open.
  • May 31: Sesquicentennial Exposition opens.{{sfn|Evensen|1993}}
  • 1927
  • Philadelphia Municipal Airport dedicated.
  • Parkway Central Library opens.
  • 1928
  • Forrest Theatre and Boyd Theatre open.{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/united-states/pennsylvania/philadelphia?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Philadelphia, PA |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |access-date=October 2, 2013 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.lhat.org/historictheatres/theatre_inventory.aspx |title=Historic Theatre Inventory |location=Maryland, USA |publisher=League of Historic American Theatres |access-date=October 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721130121/http://www.lhat.org/historictheatres/theatre_inventory.aspx |archive-date=July 21, 2013 }}
  • Philadelphia Museum of Art building constructed.
  • 1929
  • Philadelphia Athletics win World Series over Chicago Cubs
  • Uptown Theater opens.
  • Rodin Museum dedicated.{{sfn|Federal Writers' Project|1937}}
  • 1930 – Population: 1,950,961.{{sfn|Federal Writers' Project|1937}}
  • Pat’s King of Steaks opens. Inventor/originator of cheese steaks
  • Philadelphia Athletics win World Series over St Louis Cardinals
  • 1931
  • Municipal Auditorium opens.{{sfn|Federal Writers' Project|1937}}
  • Girard Trust Building constructed
  • Philadelphia Society for the Preservation of Landmarks founded
  • 1932
  • Philadelphia Saving Fund Society Building constructed.
  • Market Street Bridge rebuilt
  • 1933
  • Pennsylvania Station–30th Street opens.
  • Philadelphia Eagles, a National Football League team, founded
  • 1935 – United States Post Office-Main Branch built
  • 1936 – Democratic National Convention held.{{sfn|Federal Writers' Project|1937}}
  • 1937 – Philadelphia Housing Authority established.
  • 1938 – Jack and Jill (organization) founded.{{Citation |publisher = Garland |isbn = 9780815323099 |title = Organizing Black America: an Encyclopedia of African American Associations |editor = Nina Mjagkij |date = 2001 }}
  • 1940
  • Philadelphia Transportation Company begins operation, replacing the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company
  • Population: 1,931,334.
  • Philadelphia International Airport opens
  • 1941 – Philadelphia History Museum dedicated
  • 1943 – September 6: Frankford Junction train wreck
  • 1944 – August: Philadelphia transit strike of 1944{{cite web |title=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |series=Cases: United States |url= http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/advanced_browse/facet/field_city%3A1/field/field_loc_country%3A%22United%20States%22 |work=Global Nonviolent Action Database |publisher=Swarthmore College |location=Pennsylvania |access-date=October 10, 2013 }}
  • 1945 – Philadelphia Northeast Airport opens.
  • 1946
  • University of Pennsylvania's ENIAC computer introduced.{{cite book|author=Richard Kurin|title=Smithsonian's History of America in 101 Objects|year= 2013|publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-101-63877-4 |author-link=Richard Kurin}}
  • Links women's club founded.
  • 1948 – June: 1948 Republican National Convention held.
  • Philadelphia Eagles win first championship (pre superbowl) over Chicago Cardinals
  • 1949 – Philadelphia Textile Institute established.
  • Philadelphia Eagles win second championship (pre superbowl) over LA Rams
  • 1950
  • Philadelphia Civic Grand Opera Company active.
  • Population: 2,071,605.
  • 1952 – Philadelphia City Archives established.{{cite web |url=http://www.phila.gov/phils/carchive.htm |publisher=City of Philadelphia |title=Philadelphia City Archives |access-date=May 30, 2015 }}{{sfn|Miller|1983}}
  • American Bandstand premiers with host Bob Horn
  • 1954 Philadelphia Athletics move to Kansas City
  • 1955 – Philadelphia Historical Commission and Foreign Policy Research Institute established.
  • Syracuse Nationals (76ers) win NBA championship over Fort Wayne Pistons
  • 1956 – Independence National Historical Park established
  • 1958
  • Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company active
  • Japanese House and Garden installed in West Fairmount Park
  • Robert Nix becomes U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district.{{citation |title=Official Congressional Directory |chapter= Pennsylvania |year=1959 |hdl= 2027/mdp.39015038098896 |title-link= Official Congressional Directory }}{{cite book |title= Columbia Guide to African American History Since 1939 |year=2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-51087-5 |chapter=Chronology |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2AaAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 |author1= Robert L. Harris Jr. |author2-link=Rosalyn Terborg-Penn|author2= Rosalyn Terborg-Penn }}
  • Philadelphia Eagles win 3rd championship (pre superbowl) over Green Bay Packers
  • 1962 Wilt Chamberlain of the Warriors scores 100 points against New York Knicks
  • 1963 – Syracuse Nationals move to Philadelphia and become the Philadelphia 76ers
  • 1964
  • August: 1964 Philadelphia race riot.{{cite web |title=Timeline: Local Events with National Significance |work=Civil Rights in a Northern City: Philadelphia |url= http://northerncity.library.temple.edu/content/timeline |publisher=Temple University |access-date=October 15, 2013 }}
  • Society Hill Towers built
  • Sister city relationship established with Florence, Italy.{{cite web |url= http://cdiphila.org/sister_cities |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141226020028/http://cdiphila.org/sister_cities |url-status= usurped |archive-date= December 26, 2014 |title=Sister Cities |publisher= Citizen Diplomacy International – Philadelphia |access-date=December 30, 2014 }}
  • 1965
  • Mike Douglas show airs from Philadelphia.
  • JFK Plaza constructed.
  • Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission{{cite web |access-date=September 12, 2016 |url=http://www.dvrpc.org/50/Timeline/ |title=50 Years of Regional Planning (timeline) |publisher=Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission |location=Philadelphia }} and Society Hill Civic Association{{cite web |url=http://www.societyhillcivic.org/aboutSHCA/history.asp |title=About SHCA |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Society Hill Civic Association |access-date=October 2, 2013}} formed.
  • 1966 – Sister city relationship established with Tel Aviv, Israel.
  • 1967
  • 76ers win 2nd NBA championship over San Francisco Warriors
  • Temple University's Urban Archives (of Philadelphia) established.{{cite web |title=Urban Archives |publisher=Temple University, Libraries |url=http://library.temple.edu/scrc/urban-archives |access-date=May 30, 2015 }}{{sfn|Miller|1983}}
  • Philadelphia Flyers NHL team founded.
  • 1968
  • SEPTA takes over the Philadelphia Transportation Company
  • Philadelphia Boys Choir founded.
  • 1970
  • September: Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention held in city.{{cite book|editor= Robin D. G. Kelley and Earl Lewis |title=To Make Our World Anew: a History of African Americans |year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-983893-6 |chapter= Chronology |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iB5wAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA343 }}
  • Le Bec-Fin restaurant in business.
  • Population: 1,948,609.
  • 1971 – Mariposa Food Co-op established.{{cite web |url=http://www.mariposa.coop/ |title=Mariposa Food Co-op |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Mariposa Food Co-op |access-date=November 5, 2013}}{{cite web |title=NCGA Co-ops: Pennsylvania |publisher=National Cooperative Grocers Association |location=Iowa |url=http://www.ncga.coop/member-stores |access-date=November 5, 2013}}
  • 1972
  • Frank Rizzo becomes mayor.
  • One Meridian Plaza built.
  • 1973 Atoms win NASL championship over Dallas Tornadoes
  • 1974
  • Philadelphia Green launched.
  • Philadelphia Flyers win 1st Stanley cup over Boston Bruins
  • 1975 Philadelphia Flyers win 2nd Stanley cup over Buffalo Sabers
  • August: 1975 Philadelphia Refinery Fire.
  • Opera Company of Philadelphia formed.
  • 1976
  • African American Museum in Philadelphia and National Museum of American Jewish History established.
  • Gray's Ferry Bridge opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with Toruń, Poland.
  • January 9 the filming of Rocky begins
  • July 4 the Bicentennial
  • Mummers Museum opens up
  • 1977 – The Gallery at Market East shopping mall opens.
  • 1980
  • Population: 1,688,210.
  • March 21: Angelo Bruno assassinated outside his home. The murder was orchestrated by his consigliere, Antonio Caponigro, who was unhappy with Bruno's conservative leadership style and had been led to believe that, if he attempted a coup, he would have the support of the Genovese crime family.{{cite book|title=Blood and Honor: Inside the Scarfo Mob – The Mafia's Most Violent Family|last=Anastasia|first=George|year=1991|publisher=William Morrow and Company Inc|location=New York|isbn=0-688-09260-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bloodhonorinside00anas/page/86 86–88]|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodhonorinside00anas/page/86}} That April, Caponigro visited New York City, apparently under the assumption he was about to be confirmed as boss. Instead, he was tortured and murdered.Anastasia (1991), pp. 91–92
  • Sister city relationship established with Tianjin, China.
  • Philadelphia Phillies win the World Series.
  • 1981 – Philadelphia City Paper begins publication.
  • 1983 – SEPTA Regional Rail begins operating.
  • Philadelphia 76ers win 3rd NBA championship over Lakers
  • 1984
  • Philadelphia Stars of USFL win USFL championship over Arizona Wranglers
  • Market East Station (now Jefferson Station) and Center City Commuter Connection open.
  • Ashram established by Prakashanand Saraswati.{{cite web |url= http://pluralism.org/religion/timelines |title=Hinduism in America |work=America's Many Religions: Timelines |author=Pluralism Project |publisher=Harvard University |access-date=October 4, 2013}}
  • Sister city relationship established with Incheon, South Korea.
  • 1985 – The MOVE bombing in West Philadelphia kills 11 people and destroys about 60 homes.
  • 1986
  • Sister city relationship established with Douala, Cameroon.
  • 1987
  • One Liberty Place built.
  • The Roots (band) formed.
  • 1989 – Dock Street Brewing Company pub in business.
  • 1990 – Population: 1,585,577.{{citation |title=Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 |year=1998 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.html |publisher=US Census Bureau }}
  • 1992
  • First Friday begins in Old Town.{{sfn|New York Times|2013|ps=: "Four Square Blocks"}}
  • Sister city relationship established with Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
  • Ed Rendell becomes mayor of Philadelphia.
  • 1993 – Pennsylvania Convention Center opens.
  • 1995 – Chaka Fattah becomes Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district representative.
  • 1996
  • City website online (approximate date).{{cite web |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/19961221000327/http://phila.gov/ |url= http://phila.gov/ |archive-date= 1996-12-21 |title= Phila.gov: the Official Philadelphia Website |via= Internet Archive, Wayback Machine }}
  • Wilma Theater and CoreStates Center (arena) open.
  • 1997 – October 25: National Million Woman March held in city.
  • 1998 – Bob Brady becomes Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district representative.{{cite book |author1=Michael Barone |author2=Chuck McCutcheon |title=Almanac of American Politics 2012 |year=2011 |publisher=National Journal Group |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-226-03807-0 |author1-link=Michael Barone (pundit) |title-link=Almanac of American Politics }}
  • 2000
  • May 18: Philadelphia Pier 34 collapse.
  • December 28: Lex Street massacre.
  • John F. Street becomes mayor.
  • Republican National Convention held in Philadelphia.
  • Population: 1,517,550.

21st century

  • 2001 – Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts opens.
  • 2003 – Lincoln Financial Field opens.
  • 2004
  • Iraq Veterans Against the War headquartered in Philadelphia.{{cite web |url=http://www.ivaw.org/history |publisher=Iraq Veterans Against the War |title=History: IVAW Timeline |access-date=February 1, 2015 }}
  • Citizens Bank Park opens.
  • 2005 –
  • July 2: Live 8, a worldwide concert takes places on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. Over 600 thousand people attended.
  • July 4: Philadelphia Freedom Concert held.
  • September 4: SEPTA gains its first heritage trolley line, route 15. The route is operated by rebuilt street cars from the late 40's
  • 2008
  • Philadelphia Soul win their first ArenaBowl Championship over San Jose Saber Cats
  • Michael Nutter becomes mayor.
  • Comcast Center built.
  • The Philadelphia Phillies defeat the Tampa Bay Rays to win the 2008 World Series.
  • 2010 – Population: 1,526,006; metro 5,965,343.{{cite web |url= https://www.census.gov/dataviz/visualizations/026/508.php |year=2012 |title= Largest Urbanized Areas With Selected Cities and Metro Areas (2010) |publisher=US Census Bureau }}
  • 2011
  • October: Occupy Philadelphia begins.
  • Population: 1,536,471; metro 5,992,414.{{cite web |url=http://www.pewstates.org/research/data-visualizations/30-cities-an-introductory-snapshot-85899380032 |title=30 Cities: An Introductory Snapshot |date=2013 |work=American Cities Project |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Pew Charitable Trusts |access-date=March 23, 2014 }}
  • 2012
  • City open data and government transparency order enacted.{{cite web |url=http://sunlightfoundation.com/policy/local/ |title=Open Data Policy Comparison |work=Local Policy |publisher=Sunlight Foundation |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=October 14, 2013}}{{cite web |url=http://axisphilly.org/article/transparent-or-not-its-unclear/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329073427/http://axisphilly.org/article/transparent-or-not-its-unclear/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=March 29, 2014 |title=Transparent or not? It's unclear |date=July 11, 2013 |work=Axis Philly |access-date=October 14, 2013}}
  • Barnes Foundation relocates to the Parkway.
  • 2013
  • June 5: Building collapse in Center City.
  • 2015
  • May 12: 2015 Philadelphia train derailment.
  • August 4: HitchBOT dies and beheaded in here.{{Cite web |last=Leopold |first=Todd |date=2015-08-03 |title=HitchBOT, the hitchhiking robot, gets beheaded in Philadelphia |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/08/03/us/hitchbot-robot-beheaded-philadelphia-feat |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}
  • September: Pope Francis' visit to the United States, concluding with the visit to Philadelphia, for the 2015 World Meeting of Families.
  • 2016
  • Philadelphia Soul win their 2nd ArenaBowl championship over Arizona Rattlers
  • January 4: Jim Kenney becomes mayor of Philadelphia.
  • July: 2016 Democratic National Convention held in city.
  • 2017 Philadelphia Soul win their 3rd ArenaBowl Championship over Tampa Bay Storm
  • 2018
  • February 4: The Philadelphia Eagles defeat the New England Patriots 41–33 to win Super Bowl LII, their first Super Bowl win.
  • July 2018: Comcast Innovation and Technology Center opens.
  • 2019
  • September 19: The Fashion District Philadelphia opens at the site of The Gallery at Market East.{{cite news|last=Scott|first=Katherine|title=Fashion District Philadelphia opens in Center City|publisher=WPVI-TV|location=Philadelphia, PA|date=September 19, 2019|url=https://6abc.com/business/fashion-district-philadelphia-set-to-open/5551634/|access-date=September 19, 2019}}
  • 2020
  • March 2020: Philadelphia was hardest-hit by COVID-19 pandemic, which put few thousands of residents out of work, and shifted others to work at home.
  • October 26: Walter Wallace, a black man in Philadelphia is killed by police and rioting starts on the day of his death.
  • 2021
  • January 20: Joe Biden becomes the first President of the United States from the Greater Philadelphia Area
  • October 13: Woman raped on SEPTA train, perceived delayed response by bystanders sparks debate.
  • 2022
  • January 5: Thirteen people die and two others are injured in a fire at a converted apartment complex in the Fairmount neighborhood of Philadelphia.{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/fatal-fire-breaks-philadelphia-row-house/story?id=82086627|title=At least 13 dead in Philadelphia row house fire, including several children|publisher=ABC News|last=El-Bawab|first=Nadine|date=January 5, 2022|accessdate=January 5, 2022}}
  • June 5: A mass shooting occurs on South street which results in the deaths of 3 and injury of 11.
  • 2023
  • June 11: Portion of the I-95 highway collapses due to a tanker crash and fire in the Tacony neighborhood of Philadelphia, shutting down interstate traffic in both directions. Governor Shapiro declares State of Emergency to secure funds to rebuild the overpass.
  • 2025
  • January 31: Med Jets Flight 056, a Learjet 55 operated by Jet Rescue Air Ambulance, crashed shortly after takeoff from Northeast Philadelphia Airport, resulting in seven fatalities and 19 injuries. The aircraft was en route to Tijuana International Airport, with a planned stop at Springfield–Branson National Airport.{{Cite web |date=2025-02-01 |title=Seven dead, 19 injured in air ambulance crash in Philadelphia |url=https://apnews.com/article/philadelphia-plane-crash-medical-transport-8617dab53471190832dd73db149489fa |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}

See also

{{Portal|Philadelphia}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

{{main|Bibliography of Philadelphia}}

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{Citation |publisher = Mathew Carey |location = Philadelphia |title = Traveller's Directory... Philadelphia to New York |author1 = S.S. Moore |author2=T.W. Jones |edition=2nd |date = 1804 |oclc = 9501780

| ref = {{harvid|Moore|1804}}

|ol = 23720368M }}

  • {{Citation |publisher = C.G. Childs |location = Philadelphia |title = Views in Philadelphia and its Vicinity |date = 1827 |oclc = 9146906

| ref = {{harvid|Childs|1827}}

|ol = 24131130M }}

  • {{Citation |publisher = E.L. Carey and A. Hart |location = Philadelphia |title = Philadelphia in 1830-1 |url = https://archive.org/stream/philadelphiain1800phil#page/n7/mode/2up |date = 1830

| ref = {{harvid|Carey|1830}}

}}

  • {{Citation |publisher = P.J. Gray |date = 1834 |location = Philadelphia |title = Philadelphia As It Is

| ref = {{harvid|Gray|1834}}

|ol = 22889533M}}

  • {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/mcelroysphiladel1867amce |title=McElroy's Philadelphia City Directory for 1867

|year=1837

| ref = {{harvid|McElroy|1867}}

}}

  • {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Philadelphia (2.) |volume= 18 |short= 1}}
  • {{cite book |author=Albert H. Smyth |url=https://archive.org/details/philadelphiamag00smytgoog |title=The Philadelphia magazines and their contributors, 1741–1850 |location= Philadelphia |publisher= R.M. Lindsay |year= 1892

| ref = {{harvid|Smyth|1892}}

}}

  • {{Citation | editor= John Russell Young | year = 1898 | title = Memorial History of the City of Philadelphia | volume = 2 | publisher = New-York History Company | location = New York City | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zOwLAAAAYAAJ

| ref = {{harvid|Young|1898}}

}}

  • {{Citation |journal = Library Journal |author = James G. Barnwell |title = Proprietary Libraries in Philadelphia |date = April 1900 |volume=25

| ref = {{harvid|Barnwell|1900}}

|hdl = 2027/mdp.39015036908088 }}

  • {{cite book |title=Philadelphia Colored Directory |year= 1907 |isbn= 9780598574510 |editor=R.R. Wright |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceigAAAAMAAJ

| ref = {{harvid|Wright|1907}}

}}

  • {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) |volume= 21 | pages = 367–373 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |location = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th |date = 1910 |chapter=Philadelphia |chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/haydnsdictionary00hayd#page/1067/mode/1up

| ref = {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}

|title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates }}

  • {{cite book |last=John Van Ness Ingram |year=1912 |title=A Check List of American Eighteenth Century Newspapers in the Library of Congress |chapter=(Philadelphia) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQItAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111

| ref = {{harvid|Ingram|1912}}

}}

  • {{cite book |title=Market Street, Philadelphia: The Most Historic Highway in America, Its Merchants and Its Story |publisher=Joseph Jackson |location=Philadelphia |year= 1918 |url=https://archive.org/details/marketstreetphil00jacks

| ref = {{harvid|Jackson|1918}}

}}

  • {{Cite EB1922 |wstitle= Philadelphia |volume = 32 |last= McKinley |first= Albert Edward |short= 1}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = William Penn Association of Philadelphia |location = Philadelphia |author = Federal Writers' Project |title = Philadelphia, a Guide to the Nation's Birthplace |date = 1937 |series=American Guide Series |chapter=Chronology |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/philadelphiaguid00federich#page/686/mode/2up

|author-link = Federal Writers' Project }}

  • {{Citation |publisher = Temple University Press |isbn = 0877220573 |location = Philadelphia |title = The Irish in Philadelphia |author = Dennis Clark |date = 1973 |ref = {{harvid|Clark|1973}} |url = https://archive.org/details/irishinphiladelp00clar_0 }}
  • {{cite journal |title=Documenting Modern Cities: The Philadelphia Model |author= Fredric Miller |journal= The Public Historian |volume= 5 |issue= 2 |pages= 75–86 |year= 1983 |jstor=3377252

| ref = {{harvid|Miller|1983}}

|doi= 10.2307/3377252 }}

  • {{cite journal |title=Traditions in Conflict: The Philadelphia City Hall Site Controversy |author= Michael P. McCarthy |journal= Pennsylvania History |volume= 57 |issue= 4 |pages= 301–317 |year= 1990 |jstor=27773404

| ref = {{harvid|McCarthy|1990}}

}}

  • {{cite journal |title='Saving the City's Reputation': Philadelphia's Struggle over Self-Identity, Sabbath-Breaking and Boxing in America's Sesquicentennial Year |author= Bruce J. Evensen |journal= Pennsylvania History |volume= 60 |issue= 1 |pages= 6–34 |year= 1993 |jstor=27773587

| ref = {{harvid|Evensen|1993}}

}}

  • {{citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/10/10/garden/philadelphia-design.html |work=The New York Times |date=October 9, 2013 |title=Four Square Blocks: Philadelphia

| ref = {{harvid|New York Times|2013|ps=: "Four Square Blocks"}}

}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Philadelphia}}

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.ushistory.org/Philadelphia/index.html |title=Philadelphia Timeline, 1646–1899 |work=UsHistory.org |publisher= Independence Hall Association |location=Philadelphia }}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/Home.aspx |title=PhillyHistory |publisher =City of Philadelphia }} (online database of maps and photos, searchable by time period)
  • {{citation |url= http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cdm/search/collection/agdm/searchterm/Philadelphia/field/city/mode/all/conn/and/order/nosort |title= Philadelphia |via=University of Wisconsin |location=USA |work= American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection }}, c. 1777–1943
  • [http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=philadelphia Items related to Philadelphia], various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
  • [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=what%3Aphiladelphia&rows=96 Items related to Philadelphia], various dates (via Europeana)

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{{Philadelphia}}

Category:Philadelphia-related lists

Philadelphia

Category:Years in Pennsylvania

Philadelphia