Torraccia Airfield
{{Short description|General aviation aerodrome in San Marino}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Toraccia Helipad and Airfield
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| nativename = Aviosuperficie ed elisuperficie di Torraccia
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| image = Aeroclub San Marino.png
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| caption = Aeroclub San Marino's hangar, November 2006
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| ICAO = LIKD
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| type = Private
| owner-oper =
| owner = Government of San Marino
| operator = Aeroclub San Marino
| city-served = San Marino
| location = Torraccia, San Marino
| opened = {{start date and age|1985}}
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| timezone = CET
| utc = UTC+01:00
| summer = CEST
| utcs = UTC+02:00
| elevation-f = 790
| elevation-m = 240
| metric-elev = yes
| coordinates = {{Coord|43|57|00|N|12|30|40|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| website = {{URL|aeroclubsanmarino.com}}
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| r1-number = 16/34
| r1-length-f = 2,130
| r1-length-m = 650
| r1-surface = Grass
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| h1-number = H1
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Torraccia Airfield (Italian: {{Lang|it|Aviosuperficie di Torraccia}}), also known as Toraccia Helipad and Airfield (Italian: {{Lang|it|Aviosuperficie ed elisuperficie di Torraccia}}) or Toraccia Airport (Italian: {{Lang|it|Aeroporto di Torraccia}}), is a small general aviation aerodrome in Torraccia, a village east of the {{Lang|it|castello}} of Domagnano, Republic of San Marino, less than {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=off}} from the Italian border.{{Cite web |date=20 August 2017 |title=Torraccia |url=https://forgottenairfields.com/airfield-torraccia-148.html |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=forgottenairfields.com}}
Torraccia is the only airfield in San Marino. Its only grass runway was first used in 1981, but the airfield's structure was opened in 1985.{{Cite web |last=Bollini |first=Marco |date=5 July 2015 |title=San Marino avrà un aeroporto? |trans-title=Will San Marino have an airport? |url=https://www.giornalesm.com/san-marino-avra-aeroporto/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=giornalesm.com |language=it-SM}}{{Cite web |title=Chi Siamo |trans-title=Who we are |url=https://www.aeroclubsanmarino.com/chi-siamo/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=Aeroclub San Marino |language=it-SM}} In July 2012, the runway was extended to {{convert|650|m|ft|abbr=off}}.
The airfield is operated by Aeroclub San Marino,{{Cite web |date=13 October 2023 |title=Eliporto Torraccia - Aeroclub San Marino {{!}} Rimini turismo |trans-title=Torraccia heliport - Aeroclub San Marino |url=https://riminiturismo.it/visitatori/come-arrivare/collegamenti/aereo/eliporto-torraccia-aeroclub-san-marino |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=riminiturismo.it |language=it}} a flying club with approximately 100 members. In the summer, between ten and fifteen planes typically land at the airfield per day.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2015 |title=Torraccia: da aerodromo ad aeroporto |trans-title=Torraccia: From aerodrome to airport |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/torraccia-aerodromo-aeroporto-a60048 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}} The airfield hosts a flight school, recreational flights and sports, and some tourist flights in small aircraft. The Government of San Marino owns the land.{{Cite web |last=Gatti |first=Marco |last2=Pedini Amati |first2=Federico |author-link2=Federico Pedini Amati |last3=Canti |first3=Stefano |date=14 December 2023 |title=International Exploratory Notice for the Collection of Expressions of Interest for the Enhancement, by Means of a Loan for Use Contract, of the Area Relating to the Infrastructural Development of the "Torraccia Airfield" in Domagnano |url=https://www.gov.sm/pub1/GovSM/dam/jcr:1d1b6d6d-840b-4283-9086-d1f74a61b4e0/AVVISO%20INTERNAZIONALE%20ESPLORATIVO%20(INGLESE).pdf |access-date=11 February 2024 |website=Government of San Marino}}
Torraccia's past users have included Pope Benedict XVI and the Frecce Tricolori,{{Cite web |last=Marzi |first=William |date=15 July 2023 |title=L'atterraggio del Papa e la bandiera sullo Shuttle, "In volo sul Titano" celebra 40 anni di Aeroclub |trans-title=The Pope's landing and the flag on the Shuttle: "In flight on the Titan" celebrates 40 years of the Aeroclub |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/l-atterraggio-del-papa-e-la-bandiera-sullo-shuttle-in-volo-sul-titano-celebra-40-anni-di-aeroclub-a244158 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}{{Cite web |date=23 February 2011 |title=Visita Pastorale del Santo Padre Benedetto XVI alla Diocesi di San Marino-Montefeltro (19 giunio 2011) - Programma, 23.02.2011 |trans-title=Pastoral visit of the Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI to the Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro (19 June 2011) - Programme, 23.02.2011 |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2011/02/23/0114/00279.html |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=Holy See |language=it-IT}} who, since 2014, have organised an annual sightseeing flight for disabled children over San Marino and the Province of Rimini.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 August 2017 |title=Il cielo per tutti, a Torraccia la manifestazione Libera Le ali |trans-title=Heaven for everyone: The Libera Le Ali demonstration in Torraccia |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/cielo-tutti-torraccia-manifestazione-libera-ali-a54740 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=14 July 2019 |title=All'Aeroclub di Torraccia un volo pieno di libertà per i ragazzi disabili |trans-title=A flight full of freedom for disabled children at the Torraccia Aeroclub |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/all-aeroclub-di-torraccia-un-volo-pieno-di-liberta-per-i-ragazzi-disabili-a174220 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}{{Cite web |date=26 May 2023 |title=I ragazzi di Cuore21 prendono il volo con il Club Frecce |trans-title=The guys from Cuore21 take flight with the Frecce Club |url=https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/rimini/cronaca/i-ragazzi-di-cuore21-prendono-il-volo-con-il-club-frecce-cc2d20b9 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=Il Resto del Carlino |language=it-IT}} The airfield is also used for historic automobile exhibitions.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 September 2014 |title=Rievocazione storica e sfilata mezzi bellici al campo volo di Torraccia |trans-title=Historical re-enactment and parade of war vehicles at the Torraccia airfield |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/cultura-c6/rievocazione-storica-sfilata-mezzi-bellici-campo-volo-torraccia-a103695 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 June 2018 |title=Aeroclub San Marino: festa del volo a Torraccia |trans-title=Aeroclub San Marino: Flying festival in Torraccia |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/aeroclub-san-marino-festa-volo-torraccia-a53067 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}
History
Prior to the airfield's construction, San Marino's only heliport was next to Borgo Maggiore's cablecar terminus, which inaugurated its first postal flights in 1950.{{Cite web |date=5 April 2020 |title=La storia del servizio elicottero a San Marino, legato alla crescita del turismo di massa |trans-title=The history of the helicopter service in San Marino, linked to the growth of mass tourism |url=https://www.titanpostsm.com/1514/La%20storia%20del%20servizio%20elicottero%20a%20San%20Marino,%20legato%20alla%20crescita%20del%20turismo%20di%20massa/ |access-date=31 December 2023 |website=www.titanpostsm.com |language=it-SM |archive-date=31 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160920/https://www.titanpostsm.com/1514/La%20storia%20del%20servizio%20elicottero%20a%20San%20Marino,%20legato%20alla%20crescita%20del%20turismo%20di%20massa/ |url-status=dead }} From 1961, Compagnia Italiana Elicotteri operated several daily flights from Borgo Maggiore to Rimini and, from 1964, to San Leo. The service closed in 1969,{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=29 June 2023 |title=30 giugno 1961 - Inaugurata la linea di elicotteri Rimini - San Marino - San Leo |trans-title=30 June 1961 – The Rimini – San Marino – San Leo helicopter line is inaugurated |url=https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=Chiamami Città |language=it-IT}}{{Cite web |last=Gambetti |first=Nicola |date=5 August 2023 |title=Rimini - San Marino - San Leo in elicottero |trans-title=Rimini – San Marino – San Leo by helicopter |url=https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=Rimini Sparita |language=it-IT}} and the heliport has since been replaced by a parking lot.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 August 2015 |title=Borgo Maggiore: concerto della banda "Queen Victoria" per rinnovare il gemellaggio con Zurrieq |trans-title=Borgo Maggiore: Concert by the "Queen Victoria" band to renew the twinning with Zurrieq |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/cultura-c6/borgo-maggiore-concerto-banda-queen-victoria-rinnovare-gemellaggio-zurrieq-a101024 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}{{Cite web |date=5 September 2023 |title=Ordinanza n.189/2023 |url=https://www.interni.sm/pub1/InterniSM/dam/jcr:c0686586-027f-46da-97f1-8734f8161aa8/Ordinanza%20n.189-2023.pdf |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=State Secretariat for Internal Affairs}}
Torraccia's runway was built in 1981, but the airfield's structure was opened in 1985. The maiden flight was a postal flight to Italy. Aeroclub San Marino was founded in 1985, and its flight school opened in 1986.
On 19 June 2011, Pope Benedict XVI landed at Torraccia's helipad on a pastoral visit to the Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro.
Between May and July 2012,{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=31 July 2012 |title=Ultimato l'ampliamento dell'avio superficie di Torraccia |trans-title=The expansion of the Torraccia Airfield has been completed |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/ultimato-ampliamento-avio-superficie-torraccia-a70485 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}} the runway was extended to its present length of {{convert|650|m|ft|abbr=off}}, accentuating its slope.{{Cite web |last= |date=19 February 2013 |title=San Marino. Ampliamento aviosuperficie Torraccia: per l'esproprio c'e' la causa civile. |trans-title=San Marino. Expansion of the Torraccia airfield: There is a civil case for the expropriation. |url=https://www.libertas.sm/san-marino-ampliamento-aviosuperficie-torraccia-per-l-esproprio-c-e-la-causa-civile-san-marino-oggi-74023/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=libertas.sm |language=it-SM}}{{Cite web |date=19 February 2013 |title=San Marino. Aeroporto di Torraccia si va verso l'esproprio e la causa civile |trans-title=San Marino: Torraccia Airport is moving towards expropriation and civil action |url=https://giornalesm.com/san-marino-aeroporto-di-torraccia-si-va-verso-lesproprio-e-la-causa-civile-13200/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=giornalesm.com |language=it-SM}} The extension added approximately {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=off}}, at a cost of 450,000 euros.{{Cite web |date=31 January 2012 |title=San Marino. L'aviosuperficie di Torraccia è stata "allungata" sino ad arrivare ai 700 metri. |trans-title=San Marino: The Torraccia airfield has been "stretched" to 700 metres |url=https://giornalesm.com/san-marino-laviosuperficie-di-torraccia-e-stata-allungata-sino-ad-arrivare-ai-700-metri-89275/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=giornalesm.com |language=it-SM}} In February 2013, the Sammarinese government was grappling with a civil case by landowners seeking higher compensation for the land that was expropriated to extend the runway.
Features
File:Aviosuperficie_di_Torraccia.pngTorracia has one {{convert|650|m|ft|abbr=off|adj=on}} grass runway, which has a 16-34 orientation. The airfield is located {{convert|240|m|ft|abbr=off}} above mean sea level.{{Cite web |title=Come arrivare in volo |trans-title=How to arrive by flight |url=https://www.aeroclubsanmarino.com/come-arrivare-in-volo/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=Aeroclub San Marino |language=it-IT}}
Due to the sloping terrain, the preferred orientation is runway 16 for takeoffs and runway 34 for landings. A circuit leads up to the runway to the airfield's east, over Italy. The runway's difficulty requires pilots to have made five takeoffs and landings within the past 90 days, and to have made at least five takeoff from small Italian airfields.
The airfield has no customs and border control facilities, and departures and arrivals are only allowed to countries in the Schengen Area. Italy does not recognise the validity of ultralight pilot certificates issued by San Marino, and Sammarinese aircraft must be authorised by the {{Interlanguage link|Aero Club d'Italia|it|Aero Club d'Italia}} to circulate in Italian skies for up to 90 days.{{Cite web |last= |date=4 May 2021 |title=Voli sull'Italia. Per l'Aeroclub di San Marino ali tarpate dalla burocrazia |trans-title=Flights over Italy. For Aeroclub San Marino, wings clipped by bureaucracy |url=https://www.newsrimini.it/2021/05/voli-sullitalia-per-laeroclub-di-san-marino-ali-tarpate-dalla-burocrazia/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=newsrimini.it |language=it-IT}}
Future expansion
The Sammarinese government has expressed interest in extending Torraccia's runway, to a maximum of {{convert|950|m|ft|abbr=off}}. The extension is opposed by local residents.{{Cite web |last=Rtv |first=San Marino |date=24 December 2014 |title=Aerodromo Torraccia: progetto di trasformazione in Aeroporto di interesse nazionale |trans-title=Torraccia Aerodrome: Transformation project into an airport of national interest |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/economia-c5/aerodromo-torraccia-progetto-trasformazione-aeroporto-interesse-nazionale-a27578 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}} Such an extension would require repositioning the runway to avoid entering Italian territory, and could allow shuttle flights to Federico Fellini International Airport, San Marino's closest international airport in the Miramare {{Lang|it|frazione}} of Rimini,{{Cite web |last=Carli |first=Alessandro |date=12 May 2015 |title=L'aerodromo di Torraccia, aeroporto di interesse nazionale per San Marino |trans-title=The Torraccia aerodrome: An airport of national interest for San Marino |url=https://sanmarinofixing.com/2015/05/12/laerodromo-di-torraccia-aeroporto-di-interesse-nazionale-per-san-marino/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino Fixing |language=it-SM}} only 20 minutes drive from the border.
In autumn 2023, the Sammarinese government allocated 3.9 million euros for the fencing of the airfield and the asphalting of its runway.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 December 2023 |title=Comitato Civico Torraccia sull'Aviosuperficie: c'è una gran confusione a Palazzo Pubblico |trans-title=Torraccia Civic Committee on the Airfield: There is a lot of confusion at the Palazzo Pubblico |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/comunicati-c9/comitato-civico-torraccia-sull-aviosuperficie-c-e-una-gran-confusione-a-palazzo-pubblico-a251052 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}
In September 2023, the Saudi Arabian government signed a letter of intent to invest 29 million dollars into the airfield's expansion.{{Cite web |last=Salvatori |first=Luca |date=3 November 2023 |title=No all'ampliamento dell'aviosuperficie: nasce il "Comitato Civico Torraccia" |trans-title=No to the expansion of the airfield: the "Torraccia Civic Committee" is born |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/no-all-ampliamento-dell-aviosuperficie-nasce-il-comitato-civico-torraccia-a249687 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=28 September 2023 |title=San Marino, prestito da 29 milioni dall'Arabia Saudita per il nuovo aeroporto di Torraccia |trans-title=San Marino: 29 million loan from Saudi Arabia for the new Torraccia airport |url=https://www.corriereromagna.it/archivio/san-marino-prestito-da-29-milioni-dall-arabia-saudita-per-il-nuovo-aeroporto-di-torraccia-JWCR526834 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=Corriere Romagna |language=it-IT}} On 28 October 2023,{{Cite web |last=Rtv |first=San Marino |date=3 November 2023 |title=Si costituisce il Comitato Civico Torraccia |trans-title=The Torraccia Civic Committee is formed |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/comunicati-c9/si-costituisce-il-comitato-civico-torraccia-a249663 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}} over 100 Sammarinese citizens formed the Torraccia Civic Committee to oppose the airfield's expansion, citing concerns over safety, local health, the environment, and the expansion's public cost. On 27 December 2023, it was confirmed that the Saudi loan had been approved by both governments.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=28 December 2023 |title=È ufficiale: ci indebitiamo per 29 milioni di dollari per accontentare l'Aeroclub! |trans-title=It's official: we're going into debt for 29 million dollars to satisfy the Aeroclub! |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/comunicati-c9/e-ufficiale-ci-indebitiamo-per-29-milioni-di-dollari-per-accontentare-l-aeroclub-a252146 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}
On 8 February 2024,{{Cite web |title=Avviso internazionale esplorativo per la raccolta di manifestazioni di interesse per la valorizzazione, mediante concessione d'uso, dell'area relativa allo sviluppo infrastrutturale "Aviosuperficie Torraccia" in località Domagnano |trans-title=International exploratory notice for the collection of expressions of interest for the enhancement, through the concession of use, of the area related to the infrastructural development "Torraccia Airfield" in the locality of Domagnano |url=http://mag6-pub01.dmz-igw.pa.cis:8080/pub1/GovSM/Bandi-Appalti-Avvisi-Pubblici/Bandi-e-avvisi-pubblici~AVVISO-INTERNAZIONALE-ESPLORATIVO-PER-LA-RACCOLTA-DI-MANIFESTAZIONI-DI-INTERESSE-PER-LA-VALORIZZAZIONE,-MEDIANTE-CONCESSIONE-D-USO,-DELL-AREA-RELATIVA-ALLO-SVILUPPO-INFRASTRUTTURALE--AVIOSUPERFICIE-TORRACCIA--IN-LOCALITA-DOMAGNANO~.html |access-date=11 February 2024 |website=Government of San Marino |language=it-IT}} the Government of San Marino, who owns the land, issued an international notice to invite expressions of interest for potential concessionaires to develop the airfield for "business aviation, general and tourist aviation, as well as to build a base for the landing of general aviation helicopters". The notice declared that the airfield's development was "of strategic importance for the improvement and enhancement of the services offered" towards "repositioning San Marino as a tourist destination at an international level".
Incidents
A 2009 memorandum of understanding between Italy's National Agency for Flight Safety and San Marino's Civil Aviation and Maritime Navigation Authority means that technical investigations of incidents in Torraccia are conducted by Italy's agency.{{Cite web |last= |date=11 June 2010 |title=Incidente a San Marino. Inchiesta ANSV |trans-title=Accident in San Marino: ANSV investigation |url=https://ansv.it/incidente-a-san-marino-inchiesta-ansv/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=National Agency for Flight Safety |language=it-IT}}
In July 2007, an ultralight aircraft carrying Italian tourists, arriving from Castiglione del Lago, fell off the runway during an attempt to abort a landing with strong winds. The pilot, who was landing without warning, was unfamiliar with the airfield. His wife sustained light injuries.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2007 |title=Incidente aereo sulla pista di Torraccia |trans-title=Plane incident on the Torraccia runway |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/incidente-aereo-pista-torraccia-a86168 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}
On 11 June 2010, a Cessna 172 (registered I-SVFD) from Aeroclub Fano did not stop at the end of runway 34 after a failure in its braking system and a gust of wind from the south-west. The aircraft's two occupants were injured, and the aircraft was completely destroyed after catching fire.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=14 June 2010 |title=San Marino. Riaperta la pista di Torraccia |trans-title=San Marino: The Torraccia runway reopens |url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/san-marino-riaperta-pista-torraccia-a78229 |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=San Marino RTV |language=it-SM}}
On 22 May 2017, a Cessna 172 (F-HAPT) of French Aéroclub Paul Tissandier flipped over on the runway during landing. The aircraft's two occupants were lightly injured, but the aircraft was severely damaged.
See also
References
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Category:Transport in San Marino