Toyota ZZ engine#1ZZ

Toyota engine names are interpreted as follows. The leading number denotes the generation, and the next one or two letters, specify the engine family. The remaining letters, following a hyphen, describe the engine's major features. For example, the 2ZZ-GE can be decoded as being the second generation of the ZZ engine series and features a performance-oriented cylinder head with widely angled valves (G) and electronic fuel injection (E).{{Usurped|https://web.archive.org/web/20071001141436/http://www.toyotacelicaonline.com/engine.htm}}Toyota Celica Online - Engine Number

For more information on Toyota's engine naming conventions, see list of Toyota engines.

The 1ZZ-FE is a {{cvt|1794|cc|L|1|order=flip}} version. Bore x stroke of {{cvt|79x91.5|mm|in|2}}. Compression ratio is 10.0:1. It uses MPFI, has VVT-i (1998-99 1ZZ engines don't have VVT-i), and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, one-piece cast camshafts, and either a cast aluminum intake manifold or a molded plastic intake manifold.{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/981087/|chapter=Development of Toyota 1ZZ-FE Engine|first1=Shoji|last1=Adachi|first2=Kimihide|last2=Horio|first3=Yoshikatsu|last3=Nakamura|first4=Kazuo|last4=Nakano|first5=Akihito|last5=Tanke|title=SAE Technical Paper Series |date=February 23, 1998|volume=1 |doi=10.4271/981087 |via=www.sae.org}}http://www.spyderchat.com/1zzfe.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105605/http://www.spyderchat.com/1zzfe.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }} 1ZZ-FE SAE technical paper from Toyota

The 1ZZ-FE was manufactured at both the Toyota Motor Manufacturing West Virginia plant in the United States and at the Shimoyama plant in Japan.

File:Toyota 1ZZ-FE engine.jpg

Built in the United States at Buffalo, West Virginia, output of the North American 1ZZ-FE is between {{cvt|120|bhp|PS kW|0}} at 5,600 rpm with {{convert|165|Nm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} of torque at 4,400 rpm, and {{convert|130|bhp|PS kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6,400 rpm with {{convert|171|Nm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} of torque at 4,200 rpm. Production at Cambridge, Ontario was discontinued in December 2007, while production at Buffalo, West Virginia was halted in 2008.

A factory supported bolt-on supercharger kit for the 1ZZ-FE was sold for the 2003–2004 Corolla and Matrix by Toyota Racing Development, and Pontiac Vibe by GM Performance. The supercharger gives {{convert|7.5|psi|bar}} of boost, with a {{convert|40|hp|kW PS|0}} and {{convert|38|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque increase at the wheels.{{Cite web|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15133815/supercharged-trd-matrix-auto-shows|title=Supercharged TRD Matrix|first=Barry|last=Winfield|date=November 1, 2003|website=Car and Driver}}

Toyota announced a voluntary recall of 2005 to 2008 Toyota Corollas and Matrixes equipped with the 1ZZ-FE engines. The issue involves the engine control module, and includes the potential for it to develop a crack on the module's circuit board, which can result in the car not starting, the transmission shifting harshly, or the engine stalling. Additionally, General Motors announced a voluntary recall of Pontiac Vibes from years 2005 to 2008 for the same issue.

Applications:

• Toyota Corolla (E110)
• Toyota Corolla (E120) CE/LE/S/VE, Altis (Asia)
• Toyota Corolla Verso
• Toyota RAV4
• Chevrolet Prizm
• Pontiac Vibe
• Toyota Celica GT
• Toyota Matrix
• Toyota MR2 (W30)
• Toyota Avensis
• Lotus Elise

Built in Japan at the Shimoyama plant in Miyoshi, Aichi, the Japanese 1ZZ-FE is similar to the one used in North America, except that it has larger (32 mm) intake valves and (27.5 mm) exhaust valves with corresponding revisions to the ports, resulting in higher power output compared to the North American 1ZZ-FE. It uses Multi-point fuel injection along with VVT-i.{{cite web |date=February 28, 2013 |title=2002 Toyota MR2, 2005 MY ZZW30 |url=https://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=136224 |access-date=July 26, 2018 |website=carfolio.com}} Toyota's advertised power output is {{cvt|140|bhp|PS kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6,400 rpm and {{cvt|127|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4,400 rpm.

It was widely believed that the Japanese-made engine was labeled as the "1ZZ-FED", however no official documentation or labeling from Toyota has ever cited the "FED" suffix. All of the applications that used the Japan-built engine (including the ones listed below) have their stickers and emission certifications labeled as 1ZZ-FE without the "D" at the end. Like many other engines manufactured by Toyota, the company has felt the need to change something internal to the engine for different applications without changing the designation (e.g. the 4A-FE went through three generations of changes under the same name).

Applications:

• Toyota Corolla (E120) Fielder, RunX S, Allex (Japan)
• Toyota Corolla (E140) Axio, Fielder (Japan)
• Toyota Corolla Spacio
• Toyota Celica (ZZT230, Japan Only)
• Toyota MR-S / MR2 Spyder
• Toyota Allison and Premio
• Toyota Vista and Vista Ardeo
• Toyota Caldina
• Toyota Opa
• Toyota Isis
• Toyota Wish
• WiLL VS

A special modified variation of the 1ZZ-FE that can run on E100 Ethanol.

Applications:

• Toyota Corolla (Brazil only) {{cvt|100|kW|PS|0}}

An internal code of the 1ZZ-FE engine for SAIC-GM-Wuling cars.{{Cite web|url=https://www.twoeggz.com/news/4431285.html|title=神车宝骏560, 1.8L发动机的前世今生|date=2017-10-25|website=www.twoeggz.com}}{{Cite web|url=https://mjs.home.xs4all.nl/(S)GM(W)%20engines%20in%20China.htm|title=(S)GM(W) ENGINES IN CHINA AND ELSEWHERE|first=Martin|last=Schaefers|website=Far East Auto Literature}}

Applications:

• Baojun 530
• Baojun 560
• Baojun 730/Wuling Cortez
• Wuling Rongguang truck
• Wuling Zhengcheng

The 1ZZ engines (particularly the 1ZZ-FE) was notoriously known for excess oil consumption, especially in earlier models from the 1990s to the 2000s. The problem stemmed from an inherent design flaw in the engine with its undersized piston rings and insufficient oil drainage holes in the pistons. Over time, this led to oil blow-by, where excessive oil would enter the combustion chamber, causing the engine to start burning oil. Owners often reported needing to add oil between changes, with some engines consuming up to a quart every 1,000 miles. This leads to shortened oil changes, significantly increasing running costs and hassle. Though later models received improvements, this issue remains a significant concern for 1ZZ engines of that era.{{Cite web |date=2018-02-26 |title=Why do Corolla's burn oil? |url=https://www.corollaforum.com/threads/why-do-corollas-burn-oil.7381/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Toyota Corolla Forum |language=en-US}}{{Better source needed|date=December 2024}}

===2ZZ-GE===

Image:Toyota 2ZZ-GE.JPG

Image:Lotus Supercharged Engine.JPG

The 2ZZ-GE is a {{cvt|1796|cc|L CID|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} version built in Japan, in collaboration with Yamaha Motor Corporation. Bore x stroke is {{convert|82x85|mm|2|abbr=on}}. It uses Multi-point Fuel Injection, VVTL-i, and features forged steel connecting rods. Compression ratio is 11.5:1, necessitating high-octane gasoline (91 octane or above in the (R+M)/2 scale used in North America"The Next Band Wagons" - Motor Trend, Chris Walton. May 2002).

Power output for this engine varies depending on the vehicle and tuning, with the Celica GT-S, Corolla T-Sport,{{Cite web|url=http://www.zeperfs.com/en/fiche367-toyota-corolla-ts.htm|title=Toyota Corolla TS 192 hp - Specs & performance}}{{Cite web|url=http://motor.terra.es/motor/contactos/c_ficha.cfm?id=MOT21278|title=Nuevo Toyota Corolla · Fichas técnicas comparadas · Contactos · motor.terra.es|date=May 9, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050509154910/http://motor.terra.es/motor/contactos/c_ficha.cfm?id=MOT21278|archive-date=2005-05-09}} Lotus Elise and Lotus Exige offering {{Convert|141|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, whereas the American versions of the 2003 Matrix and Pontiac Vibe versions produce {{convert|180|hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 7,600 rpm and {{convert|130|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} @ 6800 rpm, with all later years offering anywhere from {{convert|173|hp|0|abbr=on}} in 2004 to {{convert|164|hp|0|abbr=on}} in 2006 due to a recurved powerband. The differing power figures from 2004 through 2006 are due to changes in dynamometer testing procedures. Due to noise regulations, Toyota recalled them for a flash of the PCM to up their output to classify them in the more lenient "sports car" noise category. The Australian variant Corolla Sportivo produces {{convert|141|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 7,600 rpm and {{convert|181|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque.

The Corolla Compressor and Lotus Exige S add a supercharger with intercooler to achieve {{Convert|225|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, while the Exige 240R's supercharger increases output to {{Convert|240|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}. The addition of a non-intercooled supercharger to the Elise SC produces {{Convert|218|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} with a considerable weight saving. The supercharged engines are not labeled with the "Z" suffix as would be expected in other supercharged Toyota engines (i.e. the supercharged 2ZZ-GE is not named as "2ZZ-GZE").

Toyota commissioned Yamaha to design the 2ZZ-GE, based on Toyota's ZZ block, for high-RPM operation and producing a power peak near the top of the RPM range. The high-pressure die-cast aluminum alloy engine block of the 2ZZ-GE featured cylinder walls with Metal Matrix Composite (MMC), which is a reinforcement material composed of ceramic parts and fibers.

Unique to the ZZ family, the 2ZZ-GE utilizes a dual camshaft profile system (the "L" in VVTL-i, known by enthusiasts and engineers alike as "lift" similar to Honda's VTEC) to produce the added power without an increase in displacement or forced induction. The 2ZZ-GE was the first production engine to combine cam-phasing variable valve timing with dual-profile variable valve lift in the American market. The table below lists the specifications of the two camshaft profiles.

The high-output cam profile is not activated until approximately 6,200 rpm, (lift set-points are between 6,000–6,700 rpm depending on the vehicle) and will not engage until the engine has reached at least {{Convert|60|°C|abbr=on}}. The Toyota PCM electronically limits RPM to about 8,200 RPM via fuel and/or spark cut. The "lift" engagement and the engine redline vary by application. Lotus 2ZZ-GEs are rev limited to 8,500 RPM, for example, whereas Celicas were rev limited to 7,900 to 8,200 RPM in North America, depending on the model year. The first Japanese versions were rev limited to 8,600 rpm with a peak of {{convert|190|PS|0|abbr=on}}.

Image:2zzge oil pump lobes.jpg

Consequently, it is impossible to "over-rev" the engine with the throttle alone; a downshift from a higher gear must be involved. A typical "over-rev" can damage the oil pump, commonly disintegrating the lobe ring, resulting in damage similar to the picture at right. The oil pump is the Achilles heel of the 2ZZ, though incidents are rare and usually occur due to fault of the driver. Even the briefest period of oil starvation is usually fatal to this engine design.

For the first few years of production, the engines were notorious for failing "lift bolts". This did not damage the engine, but would hamper performance as the high output cam profile was unable to properly engage. Toyota fixed the problem in late 2002 with a redesigned bolt that was installed on later engines. Earlier engines with the problematic bolts can be fixed via a Toyota-issued TSB simply requiring the new bolt to be installed in place of the old one.

The 2004 and newer Matrix and Corolla XRS models were equipped with smog pumps and have an extra hole above each exhaust port in the engine head and manifold where air is injected to achieve complete fuel burning before the exhaust stream reaches the catalyst. All 2ZZ-GE heads from 03/03 onwards carry this modification even if the vehicle does not have the air injection system.

The 2ZZ-GE remains as one of the highest output per liter and the highest revving mass production engines ever made. It has won the International Engine of the Year category for 1.4 to 1.8-liter engines in 2002 in recognition of its incredible power output.

Applications:

• Toyota Celica SS-II: Japan, {{cvt|190|PS|kW PS hp|0|order=out}}{{Citation |title=Toyota Celica |date=2023-11-15 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Celica&oldid=1185291692 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-12-09 |language=en}}
• Toyota Celica TRD M Sport (Japan, {{convert|203|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}){{Convert|188|Nm|0|abbr=on}})
• Toyota Celica GT-S (USA, {{convert|180|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}})
• Toyota Celica 190/T-Sport (UK, {{convert|189|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}})
• Toyota Celica SX (Australia, {{Convert|189|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}/{{Convert|180|Nm|0|abbr=on}})
• Toyota Celica ZR (Australia, {{Convert|189|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}/{{Convert|180|Nm|0|abbr=on}})
• Toyota Corolla Sportivo (Australia, {{Convert|189|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}/{{Convert|180|Nm|0|abbr=on}})
• Toyota Celica T Sport: Europe, {{cvt|192|PS|kW PS hp|0|order=out}}
• Toyota Corolla (E120) T Sport Compressor: Europe, supercharged, {{cvt|225|PS|kW PS hp|0|order=out}}
• Toyota Corolla XRS (USA, {{Convert|164|/|170|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}})
• Toyota Corolla Fielder Z Aero Tourer: Japan, {{cvt|190|PS|kW PS hp|0|order=out}}
• Toyota Corolla "RunX Z Aero Tourer": Japan, {{cvt|190|PS|kW PS hp|0|order=out}}
• Toyota Corolla RunX RSi (South Africa, {{convert|141|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}/{{Convert|180|Nm|0|abbr=on}})
• Toyota Matrix XRS (USA, {{Convert|164|-|180|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}})
• Pontiac Vibe GT (USA, {{Convert|164|-|180|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}})
• Toyota Voltz Z: Japan, {{cvt|180|PS|kW PS hp|0|order=out}}
• WiLL VS 1.8
• Lotus Elise (North America/UK, {{convert|190|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}){{cite web|url=http://www.grouplotus.com/cars/showroom.html#/elise/eliseR/eliseR_vehicle_des.html |title=Lotus Elise R - Vehicle Description |access-date=2008-06-24 |publisher=Group Lotus PLC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517095851/http://www.grouplotus.com/cars/showroom.html |archive-date=May 17, 2008 }}
• Lotus Exige (USA/UK, 190 hp NA & 243 hp supercharged){{cite web | url = http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Drives/FullTests/articleId=115908 | title = Full Test: 2006 Lotus Exige | access-date = 2008-06-24 | author = Chris Walton | date = 2006-06-28 | publisher = Edmunds Inc. | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625030346/http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Drives/FullTests/articleId%3D115908 | archive-date = 2008-06-25 }}{{cite web | url = http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/coupe/112_0702_2007_lotus_exige_s | title = Newcomers: 2007 Lotus Exige S | access-date = 2008-06-24 | author = Greg N. Brown | work = MotorTrend | publisher = Source Interlink Media, Inc. | archive-date = 2008-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080503133340/http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/coupe/112_0702_2007_lotus_exige_s | url-status = dead }}
• Lotus Exige CUP 260 (USA/UK, supercharged, {{convert|260|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}})
• Lotus 2-Eleven (USA/UK, supercharged, {{convert|252|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}})

The 3ZZ-FE is a {{convert|1598|cc|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} version built in Japan, used in several Toyota models sold in Asian countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Pakistan, Taiwan and China, Sri Lanka, parts of Europe and the Middle East, Brazil and South Africa from 2000 to 2012. Bore and stroke is {{convert|79x81.5|mm|abbr=on}}, output is {{convert|109|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm, and torque is {{convert|150|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,400 rpm. It features SMP pistons, which are also used on the 1ZZ-FE. The preferred engine oil is 5W-30 API grade SL/SM.

Applications:

• Toyota Corolla (E110); facelift (Europe, Middle East, Oceania)
• Toyota Corolla (E120) (Europe)
• Toyota Corolla Altis (E120/E140) (Asia)
• Toyota Corolla SE Saloon (E120) (Pakistan)
• Toyota Corolla EX (E120) (China; until the late 2000s)
• Toyota Corolla XLi (E120) (Brazil)
• Toyota Corolla 160 and RunX 160 (South Africa)
• Toyota Corolla Verso
• Toyota Avensis (T220); facelift (Europe)
• Toyota Avensis (T250) (Europe)

The 4ZZ-FE is a {{convert|1398|cc|L CID|1|abbr=on}} version. Bore and stroke is {{convert|79x71.3|mm|abbr=on}}. Output is {{convert|97|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6000 rpm with {{convert|130|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4400 rpm.

Applications:

• Toyota Corolla (E110) (2000 facelift)
• Toyota Corolla (E120)
• Toyota Corolla (E140)
• Toyota Auris

• List of Toyota engines

{{reflist|2}}

{{commons category|Toyota ZZ engines}}

• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140305143947/http://jdmspecengines.com/toyota-engines/zz-series/2zz-ge.html JDM Spec Engines - Toyota 2ZZ-GE Engine]}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20041208110928/http://www.toysport.com/Technical%20Information/2ZZ-GE_tech_notes.htm ZZ-GE Tech Notes]
• [http://2zzge.com/library/2zzge-engine.pdf Toyota Paper: Development of the High Speed 2ZZ-GE Engine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202174357/http://www.2zzge.com/library/2zzge-engine.pdf |date=2013-02-02 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Toyota Zz Engine}}

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