Trujillo, Cáceres

Trujillo was settled on a granite batholith during Prehistoric times. In Roman times the town was known as Turgalium and became a prefecture stipendiary of the Lusitanian capital, Emerita Augusta (today's Mérida). Later it was colonised by East Germanic tribes (mainly Visigoths), although most of the population would still have been Hispano-Roman.

Following the Islamic conquest after 711, Trujillo became one of the main towns in the region (known as ترجالة Turjaala in Arabic). This taifa was subject to the Umayyad Emirate and the subsequent Caliphate ruled until the middle of the 11th century. During this time the ethnic tensions between Berbers and Arabs weakened the Caliphate militarily.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

Following the seizure of a large part of the territory of the former Taifa of Toledo by the Almoravids from Alfonso VI, Trujillo became a site from where Almoravid razzias were launched against the land of Talavera in the early 12th century.{{Cite journal|url=https://realacademiatoledo.es/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/files_temastoledanos_29.%20Reconquista%20y%20repoblacion%20de%20la%20tierra%20toledana,%20por%20Ricardo%20Izquierdo%20Benito.pdf|page=30|first=Ricardo|last=Izquierdo Benito|title=Reconquista y repoblación de la tierra toledana|year=1983|series=|location=Toledo|publisher=Instituto Provincial de Investigaciones y Estudios Toledanos}}

During the time of Almohad rule, wars with Portugal, Castile and León guaranteed that the possession of Trujillo was tenuous. Rule alternated between these kingdoms and the Almohads, returning for the last time to the Muslims in 1195. Between 1188 and 1195 it was the headquarters of the military order of Trujillo.

In the Spring of 1196, with help from the Kingdom of León, Almohads raided the Tagus valley and occupied Santa Cruz and Trujillo, which had been previously left forsaken by the order of Trujillo.{{Cite journal|last=Novoa Portela|first=Feliciano|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4904166.pdf|title=La Orden de Trujillo y los reinos de León y Castilla (1188-1195)|journal=Hidalguía|issn=0018-1285|issue=366|year=2014|pages=655–670}}

File:Diego García de Paredes Sansón de Extremadura.jpg (1466–1534), notable soldier, was a native of Trujillo.]]

An army formed by forces of the military orders and the Bishop of Plasencia laid siege to Trujillo with the support of Ferdinand III. Ibn Hud tried to relieve the town but was driven off by the besieging army.

The town was finally captured on 25 January 1232. During the final assault, according to the local legend, the Christian forces were faltering just short of victory when many reported seeing the Virgin Mary (known as Virgen de la Victoria in Spanish, or the Virgin Mary of Victory) between the two towers, or Arco del Triunfo, in the castle. Sufficiently inspired, Christian troops pressed on and achieved victory, defeating the Muslims, who were inside.

Together with Plasencia, Cáceres and Coria, Trujillo was one of the few major royal demesne towns in the region, where otherwise maestrazgo lands tended to prevail.{{Sfn|Hernández Martínez|Pulido García|2003|p=198}}

Alfonso X granted Trujillo a fuero in 1256.{{Sfn|Ramos Rubio|2003|p=286}}

John II conferred on Trujillo the status of city (ciudad) in 1430 by means of a {{ill|privilegio rodado|es}}.{{Sfn|Ramos Rubio|2003|p=286}} Later there was a Jewish quarter outside the powerful medieval walls. Trujillo, with the growth of the population, was gradually extended beyond the walls.

Explorers from Trujillo, called Trujillanos, crossed the Atlantic Ocean to the Western Hemisphere. On their return they built majestic palaces near the Plaza Mayor and surrounds, most of which can now be visited. Francisco Pizarro, an explorer from Trujillo, came back and helped enrich his family in the Plaza Mayor. His daughter by an Incan princess returned at the age of 17, married her uncle and lived the rest of her life in Trujillo as a lady of great estate.

After 1595 the city experienced the arrival of a number of forcibly relocated 'new moriscos' banished from Granada.{{Sfn|Hernández Martínez|Pulido García|2003|p=211}} From 1610 to 1611, about 130 morisco families (590 individuals) were reportedly expelled from Trujillo, although the permanence of a number of 'old moriscos', who enjoyed support from the local society, remained a cause of concern.{{Sfn|Sánchez Rubio|Testón Núñez|Hernández Bermejo|2010|pp=219; 221}}

During the War for Independence, one of the first authorities that responded to the call of the Junta of Móstoles in May 1808 was the mayor of Trujillo, Antonio Martin Rivas, who prepared enlistments of volunteers, with food and arms, plus the mobilization of troops, to go to the aid of the Junta. Trujillo was captured by the French in 1811 and held until 1812.

In 1834, the city became the official headquarters of the Judicial District of Trujillo. In the census of 1842, it had 110 households and 6026 residents.

Trujillo has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, type Csa,{{cite web|url=http://snow.cals.uidaho.edu/Clim_Map/koppen_criteria.htm |author=Critchfield H.J. |year=1983 |work=General Climatology |publisher=Prentice Hall |edition=4 |title=Criteria for classification of major climatic types in modified Köppen system |editor=University of Idaho |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930221104/http://snow.cals.uidaho.edu/Clim_Map/koppen_criteria.htm |archive-date=30 September 2009 }} Accessed 29 November 2012. in the modified Köppen classification.{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/conocermas/publicaciones/Atlas-climatologico/Atlas.pdf|title=Atlas climático ibérico|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorología}}

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|location=Trujillo (data for 1961–2001)

|Jan mean C = 7.2

|Feb mean C = 8.7

|Mar mean C = 11.5

|Apr mean C = 13.6

|May mean C = 17.7

|Jun mean C = 22.6

|Jul mean C = 26.5

|Aug mean C = 26.2

|Sep mean C = 22.5

|Oct mean C = 16.6

|Nov mean C = 11.0

|Dec mean C = 7.6

|year mean C = 16.0

|Jan_Precip_cm = |Jan precipitation mm = 67.9

|Feb_Precip_cm = |Feb precipitation mm = 70.4

|Mar_Precip_cm = |Mar precipitation mm = 51.1

|Apr_Precip_cm = |Apr precipitation mm = 60.6

|May_Precip_cm = |May precipitation mm = 51.4

|Jun_Precip_cm = |Jun precipitation mm= 33.0

|Jul_Precip_cm = |Jul precipitation mm = 6.8

|Aug_Precip_cm = |Aug precipitation mm = 9.6

|Sep_Precip_cm = |Sep precipitation mm = 39.7

|Oct_Precip_cm = |Oct precipitation mm= 64.6

|Nov_Precip_cm = |Nov precipitation mm = 86.3

|Dec_Precip_cm = |Dec precipitation mm= 81.6

|Year_Precip_cm = |year precipitation mm = 623.1

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|source = Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Datos de precipitación y de temperatura para el periodo 1961–2001 en Trujillo.{{cite web|url=http://sig.magrama.es/93/ClienteWS/siga/default.aspx?nombre=CH_EST_INFORMES&claves=CLAVE&valores=3465|title=Programa SIGA. Promedios climáticos en la estación 3465 de Trujillo|editor=Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente.}}

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As in many towns in Extremadura, Trujillo's old buildings provide homes for a breeding population of storks. Other birds of interest include the Lesser kestrel, which nests in the bull-ring and other urban sites.A Special Protection Area (or ZEPA) has been designated for the Lesser kestrel.{{cite web |url=http://www.zepaurban.com/es/zepa-urbanas/trujillo |title=Trujillo |language=es |access-date=15 April 2018}}

Trujillo has a rich heritage. Among the most important monuments are the Castle (Alcazaba), the church of Santiago, the church of Santa María la Mayor, the church of San Francisco, the Church of San Martín, the Plaza Mayor, and renaissance palaces such as the palace of the Marquis of the Conquest, the palace of the Orellana-Pizarro family, the palace of the Duques de San Carlos, Marquesado de Piedras Albas, the house of the strong Altamirano, Palace Chaves (Luis Chaves Old), and of course the walled old town.

The Palacio de Piedras Albas was built circa 1530 by Don Pedro Suárez de Toledo, formerly owned by the family of the conquistador and explorer Francisco de Orellana, the Marqueses de Orellana and later by the Marqueses de San Juan de Piedras Albas.{{cite web|title=Palacio de Piedras Albas|url=http://search.knightfrank.com/rsi070658|publisher=Knight Frank}}

The city has several museums, including the Museum of Coria (Javier Salas Foundation), Pizarro's House, Enrique Elías Museum (local designer), and the Museum of Cheese and Wine.

{{Wide image|Pano Plaza Mayor de Trujillo.jpg|800px|Panorama of the Plaza Mayor.}}

{{main|Chiviri}}

File:Panorama Trujillo.jpg.]]

The culmination of Holy Week is celebrated on Easter Sunday (declared an event of regional interest). The town square is full of people dressed in local costumes. They sing, dance, eat and drink to the beat of Chíviri. The following day, Easter Monday, is a holiday in the city and locals have the custom of going to the countryside for picnics.

On 1 May, the National Cheese Fair takes place, which is the most important cheese competition in Spain. The Plaza Mayor becomes a huge fair where it is possible to taste cheeses from around Spain. This festival draws a large crowd, with organizers reporting that approximately 100,000 people attend on a yearly basis.{{cite web|url=http://www.feriadelquesotrujillo.es/la-feria.html|title=Feria del Queso de Trujillo. Web oficial. – La Feria|website=www.feriadelquesotrujillo.es}}

They take place at the end of August or in early September. During the festival the Virgen de la Victoria (Our Lady of Victory) is moved from her normal place in the chapel of the Castle to the church of San Martín, in the Plaza Mayor, where the religious events are celebrated. In addition, there are puppets (The Adventures of Peneque el Valiente (Peneque the brave) with Miguel Pino), capeas and the Festival of Music, Dance and Theatre in the Castle. Also a local teenager is elected as "Queen of the festivities" and she has her own entourage.

Twin cities with Trujillo are:

• {{flagicon|Spain}} Almagro, Spain.
• {{flagicon|Portugal}} Batalha, Portugal.
• {{flagicon|Italy}} Castegnato, Italy.
• {{flagicon|Colombia}} Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia.
• {{flagicon|Peru}} Piura, Peru.
• {{flagicon|Peru}} Trujillo, Peru.
• {{flagicon|Honduras}} Trujillo, Honduras.

File:Vista de Trujillo, Cáceres, España, 2023-07-22, DD 09.jpg|View of Trujillo

File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|Plaza Mayor

File:

Plaza de Trujillo, panorámica.jpg|Panorama of the Plaza Mayor

File:Estatua_de_Francisco_Pizarro_en_Trujillo.JPG| Francisco Pizarro statue

File:

Trujillo - Palacio del Marqués de la Conquista 05.jpg| Palace of the Marqués de la Conquista

File:

Trujillo - Palacio de la Conquista - Coat of arms - 2.jpg|Coat of Arms of the Palacio de la Conquista

File:

Casa del Arcediano de Trujillo (Plasencia).jpg|House of the Archdiosces of Trujillo

File:Casa_Museo_de_Francisco_Pizarro_en_Trujillo.JPG| Home-Museum of Francisco Pizarro

File:

Casa de Francisco Pizarro (Trujillo-Cáceres) - Cocina.jpg|Kitchen of the House of Francisco Pizarro

File:

Casa de Francisco de Orellana (Trujillo, Cáceres).jpg|House of Francisco de Orellana

File:

Trujillo - Monumento a Francisco de Orellana 2.jpg|Monument to Francisco de Orellana

File:

Palacio Juan Pizarro de Orellana, Trujillo, Cáceres.jpg|Juan Pizarro de Orellana Palace

File:

Patio del Palacio de Juan Pizarro de Orellana (Trujillo, España).jpg|Patio of the Juan Pizarro de Orellana Palace

File:Las murallas de Trujillo2.JPG| The Castle

File:Vue des remparts du château.JPG| Old church beside the Castle

File:Plaza_trujillo_noche.JPG| The Plaza Mayor at night

File:Conjunto Urbano de la Ciudad de Trujillo (Cáceres) - RI-53-0000034 - WLM.jpg|Conjunto Urbano de la Ciudad de Trujillo

File:

Casa de los Rol-Zárate y Zúñiga en Trujillo. (Cáceres).JPG|Casa de los Rol-Zárate y Zúñiga

File:

Iglesia de San Martín, Trujillo, Cáceres, España, 2023-07-22, DD 08.jpg|San Martin Church

File:Convento de Santa Clara, Trujillo, Cáceres, España, 2023-07-22, DD 15.jpg|Santa Clara Convent (Parador Tourism Hotel)

File:

Trujillo - Convento de Santa Clara (Parador de Turismo) 19.jpg|Courtyard of the Santa Clara Convent Parador Hotel

File:

Trujillo - Convento de San Antonio (Hotel Izan Trujillo) 15.jpg|San Antonio Convent (Hotel Izan Trujillo)

File:

Trujillo - Convento de la Merced 6.jpg|La Merced Convent

File:

Claustro del Convento de San Francisco el Real, Trujillo.jpg|Cloister of the Convent of San Francisco el Real

File:

Patio de la Casa de las Banderas, Trujillo (Cáceres).jpg|Courtyard of the Casa de las Banderas

File:

Palacio de los marqueses de Piedras Albas, en la Plaza mayor de Trujillo. (Cáceres).JPG|Palace of the Marquis of Piedras Albas on the Main Plaza in Trujillo

File:

Trujillo - Eurostars Palacio Santa Marta 1.jpg|Palacio Santa Marta

File:

Trujillo - Correos 1.jpg|Trujillo Post Office

File:

Trujillo - Hotel Victoria 3.jpg|Hotel Victoria

File:

Casa de los Chaves-Calderón (Trujillo, Cáceres).jpg|House of the Chaves--Calderón

File:

Trujillo - Palacio de los Chaves-Orellana (Casa de la Cadena) 1.jpg|Chaves-Orellana Palace

File:

Palacio de San Carlos (Trujillo-Cáceres) - Fachada a la Plaza Mayor.jpg|San Carlos Palace

File:

Palacio de Sofraga (Trujillo, Cáceres).jpg|Sofraga Palace

File:

Trujillo - Calle Encarnación nº 16 (7).jpg|Calle Encarnación nº 16

File:

Trujillo Plazuela del Prior de Quiroga 065.jpg|Plaza of the Pryor of Quiroga

File:

Trujillo Torre 072.jpg|Trujillo Tower

File:

Trujillo tower.jpg|Trujillo Tower

File:

Aljibe de Altamirano (9 de diciembre de 2006, Trujillo).jpg|Aljibe (Cistern) de Altamirano

File:

Trujillo Calle San Pedro 069.jpg|Calle San Pedro

File:

Trujillo-ayuntamiento-(DavidDaguerro).JPG|Trujillo City Hall

File:

Fuente del Convento de la Inmaculada Concepción (Trujillo).jpg|Fountain at the Convent of the Immaculate Conception

File:

Ciconia ciconia (nidos).101 - Trujillo.jpg|Storks are a common sight on towers throughout Trujillo and Extremadura

File:

Castillo de Trujillo-Puerta de acceso desde el interior.JPG|Entry gate to Trujillo

File:

Teatro Municipal de Trujillo 2023.jpg|Trujillo Municipal Theater

File:

Palacio de los Vargas-Carvajal (ss. XVI-XVII).jpg|Vargas-Carvajal Palace

File:

Robledillo de Trujillo 12.jpg|Street in Trujillo

File:

Robledillo de Trujillo 11.jpg|Street in Trujillo

File:

Vista del interior de la Puerta de San Andrés (al fondo de la imágen), de la muralla de Trujillo. (Cáceres).JPG|View of the wall and street from the San Andres Gate

File:

Alberca árabe (9 de diciembre de 2006, Trujillo).jpg|Arab pool

File:

Puerta de Santiago (9 de diciembre de 2006, Trujillo) 01.jpg|Santiago Gate

• List of municipalities in Cáceres

; Citations

{{Reflist}}

; Bibliography

• {{Cite book|chapter=Aproximación a la historia de la agricultura en Extremadura (II). De la reconquista a los Austrias|first=José Antonio|last=Hernández Martínez|first2=Francisco|last2=Pulido García|pages=197–215|chapter-url=https://www.unex.es/conoce-la-uex/centros/eia/archivos/iag/2003/2003_12%20Aproximacion%20a%20la%20historia%20de%20la%20agricultura%20en%20Extremadura%20-II-.%20De%20la%20Reconquista%20a%20los%20Austrias.pdf|title=La agricultura y la ganadería extremeñas |year=2003|publisher=Caja de Ahorros de Badajoz|location=Badajoz|isbn=84-688-8543-6}}
• {{Cite journal|year=2003|last=Ramos Rubio|title=Archivo Municipal de Trujillo (Cáceres)|first=José Antonio|volume=12|pages=285–287|location=Pamplona|publisher=Universidad de Navarra|journal= Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia|issn=1133-0104|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/622720.pdf}}
• {{Cite journal|title=La expulsión de los moriscos de Extremadura (1609-1614)|first=María Rocío|last=Sánchez Rubio|first2=Isabel|last2=Testón Núñez|first3=Mª Ángeles|last3=Hernández Bermejo|journal=Chronica Nova: Revista de Historia Moderna de la Universidad de Granada|issn=0210-9611|issue=36|year=2010|pages=197–226|url=https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/handle/10481/20405/ROCIO%20SANCHEZ%20RUBIO%2c%20ISABEL%20TESTON%20NU%c3%91EZ%2c%20M%c2%ba%20ANGELES%20HERNANDEZ%20BERMEJO-%20LA%20EXPULSION%20DE%20LOS%20MORICOS%20DE%20EXTREMADURA%201609-1614.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|location=Granada|publisher=Editorial UGR}}

{{commons | Trujillo (Spain)}}

• [http://maps.google.es/maps?hl=es&output=html&f=q&q=Trujillo,+Spain&zoom=3 Map]
• [http://www.trujillojoven.com Leisure]
• [http://www.trujillocaceres.com Trujillo cuisine, sights and transport]
• [http://www.feriadelquesotrujillo.es/ National Cheese Fair]
• [http://www.camaracaceres.es/actividades/publicaciones/libros/completos/21/contenidos/feria.htm Elaboración y comercialización del queso cacereño]—More information about the history of the National Cheese Fair (In Spanish)

• [http://www.trujillo.es/ City Council]
• [http://www.justin.tv/comarcaliatv Local TV]
• [http://www.ljcatalan.com Javier Catalan's news]
• [http://www.hoy.es/local/trujillo HOY Newspaper's news]

{{Municipalities in Cáceres}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trujillo, Caceres}}

Category:Municipalities in the Province of Cáceres

Category:Special Protection Areas of Extremadura