TurnKey Linux Virtual Appliance Library

The project maintains around 100 virtual appliances, all freely licensed, with daily automatic security updates and backup capabilities.{{cite web | title = TurnKey Linux: 100+ Free Ready-to-Use System Images for Virtual Machines, the Cloud, and Bare Metal | work = TurnKey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/ | accessdate = July 20, 2014 }}

They are packaged in formats for different virtualization platforms, and two builds for installing onto physical media (to non-virtualized hard disk or USB from a hybrid ISO) or onto the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud.{{Cite web |title = Supported virtualization platforms and build types | work = TurnKey Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/builds}}

• Virtual appliances distributed as virtual machine types such as:
• Open Virtualization Format (OVA) - As of v14.0 was the default VM format. It supports VirtualBox and most VMware products (e.g. Workstation, Player, Fusion and vSphere/ESX). Also includes open-vmtools (for VMware).
• VMDK - "VM" in Turnkey Linux download mirrors - As above, but packaged as a zip containing a VMDK vHDD as well as a VMX (legacy VMware vm config file). Runs on KVM/QEMU{{cite web |title = Using default VM build with KVM | work = TurnKey Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/kvm}}
• OpenStack
• Container - This somewhat generic container format is specifically packaged for Proxmox (as tar.gz) (and formerly OpenNode too). These builds can be downloaded direct within Proxmox's WebUI{{cite web |url=http://forum.proxmox.com/threads/8462-Appliance-downloads-are-back-%28Proxmox-VE-2-0rc1%29-including-TurnKey-Linux-library |title=Appliance downloads are back (Proxmox VE 2.0rc1) including TurnKey Linux library|date=23 February 2012 |work=Martin Maurer - Proxmox VE project lead via ProxmoxVE announcement thread|accessdate=15 April 2012}} (and formerly via OpenNode's interface{{cite web |url=http://opennodecloud.com/article/introducing-turnkey-linux-appliance-library/ |title=Introducing TurnKey Linux Appliance Library |date=18 October 2013 |work=OpenNode Cld Platform |access-date=8 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220050230/http://opennodecloud.com/article/introducing-turnkey-linux-appliance-library |archive-date=20 February 2014 }}). The tar.gz archive is also known to work with both vanilla OpenVZ and LXC with minimal tweaking.
• Xen
• Docker
• Installable Live CD/USB: a hybrid ISO image which can be burned to either CD or USB{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/iso2usb |title=Installing TurnKey from USB flash drive|date=8 January 2014 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}} and used to install on both bare metal (I.e. a non-virtualized physical machine) and virtual machines, including VMware, Xen, XenServer, VirtualBox, and KVM. This image can also run live in non-persistent demo mode.
• Amazon Machine Image: provisioned on-demand on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud via either the TurnKey Linux Hub or Amazon Marketplace.

Pre-integrated server applications include LAMP, WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, Redmine, MySQL, MediaWiki, Domain controller, File server, Ruby on Rails, phpBB, and many others.

Founded by engineers of an Israeli startup,{{cite news | last = Scannell | first = Ed | date = March 10, 2009 | title = TurnKey Linux Delivers Open Source Appliances | work = InformationWeek | url = http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = August 13, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090813085431/http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | url-status = dead }} the project was conceived in mid-2008 as a community-oriented open source project that would focus on helping users piece together turnkey solutions from open source components in the largest Linux distributions. According to one of TurnKey Linux's co-founders, the project was in part inspired by a desire to provide open source alternatives to proprietary virtual appliance vendors that would be aligned with user interests and could engage the community.{{cite news | last = Panettieri | first = Joe | date = March 12, 2009 | title = 12 Ubuntu Server Appliances Meet the Cloud | work = WorksWithU | url = http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | access-date = March 23, 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130209110133/http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | archive-date = February 9, 2013 }}

The project launched in September 2008 with three prototype appliances for Drupal, Joomla and LAMP, based on the Ubuntu 8.04.1 build.{{cite journal | year = 2008 | title = TurnKey Linux: new project builds Ubuntu based Live CD appliances | journal = Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter | issue = 108 | url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter/Issue108#TurnKey%20Linux:%20new%20project%20builds%20Ubuntu%20based%20Live%20CD%20appliances | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }} In the following months usability was improved and a dozen additional appliances were released including Ruby on Rails, MediaWiki and Django.{{cite news | last = Fransen | first = Matto | date = February 25, 2009 | title = Kant-en-klare open source bedrijfsapplicaties | work = Infoworld | url = http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = April 2, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090402063654/http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | url-status = dead }}

In October 2009, the project released 40 appliances based on Ubuntu 8.04.3 including 25 new additions to the virtual appliance library. The release included support for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, and a new Virtual machine image format with OVF support.

TurnKey Linux was listed as a winner of the 2009 "Bossies" by InfoWorld as one of the "top 40 open source products" of that year.{{cite news | last1 = Dineley | first1 = Doug | last2 = Borck | first2 = James R. | last3 = Mobley | first3 = High | date = August 31, 2009 | title = Best of Open Source Software Awards 2009 | work = InfoWorld | url = http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-software-awards-2009-628?page=0,2 | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}{{Cite web |url=http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-platforms-and-middleware-758%26current%3D7%26last%3D1#slideshowTop |title=2009 BOSSie for Open Source Platforms and Middleware, see Slide 7 |access-date=2010-02-25 |archive-date=2009-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204053952/http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-platforms-and-middleware-758%26current%3D7%26last%3D1#slideshowTop |url-status=dead }}

In September 2010, Turnkey Linux Backup and Migration (TKLBAM) was announced..{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/announcing-tklbam | title=a new kind of smart backup/restore system that just works | date=8 September 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}} In November 2010, further additions to TKLBAM were announced including the integration of Webmin, which was discussed as a future feature in the original unveiling of the TKLBAM.{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-11.0rc-part1#webmin-tklbam | title=New release candidates for TurnKey Linux 11.0 (part 1) | date=23 November 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}

Turnkey Linux was nominated for the SourceForge February 2012 Project of the Month.{{cite web |url= http://sourceforge.net/blog/february-potm-vote/ | title=SourceForge.net: VOTE for the February Project Of The Month|date=10 January 2012 |work=SourceForge.net |accessdate=15 April 2012}}

In August 2012, version 12.0 was released with the library increased to include over 100 appliances. This release also marked a move away from Ubuntu as the underlying operating system to Debian 6.0 (a.k.a. Squeeze). This move was cited as being for various reasons, particularly security.{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-12 |title=Announcing TurnKey Linux 12.0: 100+ ready-to-use solutions|date=30 August 2012 |work=Liraz Siri |accessdate=13 November 2012}}

Early June 2013 saw a significant change of tack with the version 12.1 update release; built with the new "TKLDev" open build infrastructure. This release also included the first X86-64 builds.{{cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/turnkey-linux-offers-64-bit-server-apps-on-amazon-cloud/ |title=TurnKey Linux offers 64-bit server apps on Amazon cloud |date= 11 June 2013 |work= Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols |access-date=16 February 2014}} Later that same month, the Turnkey Linux custom application code was moved to GitHub which also included a tracker for appliances bug reports.{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/moved-to-github |title=TurnKey moves to GitHub|date=28 June 2013 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}} As promised, in mid July Turnkey Linux released their image building appliance (TKLDev) as well as an additional separate GitHub account to house all the appliance specific code (used by TKLDev to build the appliances).{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/introducing-tkldev |title=Introducing TKLDev - Turnkey's appliance development and build system in a box|date=18 July 2013 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}}

November 2013 saw the release of v13.0, based on Debian 7.2 (a.k.a. Wheezy).{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-13-and-tklbam-1.4 |title=TurnKey 13 out, TKLBAM 1.4 now backup/restores any Linux system|date=21 November 2013 |work=Liraz Siri |accessdate=8 July 2014}}

September 2015 saw the long overdue release of v14.0, based on Debian 8.2 (a.k.a. Jessie),{{cite web |url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-14-0-release |title=v14.0 stable release - Massive Community Effort!|date=17 September 2015 |work=Jeremy Davis |accessdate=24 November 2014}} followed by an April 2016 maintenance release, v. 14.1, based on Debian 8.4.{{cite web |url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/14.1-bugfixes-maintenance-and-more |title=v14.1 Release - Bugfixes, Maintenance and More|date=15 April 2016 |work=Jeremy Davis |accessdate=25 April 2016}}

TurnKey's virtual appliances start life as a "stripped down" Debian bootstrap (versions previous to v12.0 based on Ubuntu.) To this is added the TurnKey Core, which includes all the common features for the project's virtual appliances,{{cite web | title = TurnKey Linux Core - Common Base Appliance | work = TurnKey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/core | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }} including:

• di-live: a live installer, derived from debian-installer.
• A configuration console: developed in Python for the project to allow users to perform basic configuration tasks (for example, networking configuration, reboots)
• An automatic mechanism that installs security patches on a daily basis.
• Web administration interface based on Webmin which includes a selection of generic add-on control and configuration modules.
• Web browser based shell
• TKLBAM (TurnKey Linux Backup And Migration)[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklbam TKLBAM - Smart automated backup and restore] - a custom TKL backup/migration application/service that uses Duplicity as a backend. By default TKLBAM uses Amazon S3 for storage, but can also be configured to use any other storage medium supported by Duplicity. As of version 1.4 TKLBAM is available for non-TKL Linux OS.

The TurnKey Core has a footprint of approximately 110 MB, and is available as a separate download. Application software is installed on top of the Core, which typically increases the size of a virtual appliance up to approximately 160 MB.{{cite news | date = March 9, 2009 | title = Open source server appliances ship | work = LinuxDevices.com | url = http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS9199443802.html | access-date = March 23, 2009 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130127194545/http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Open-source-server-appliances-ship/ | archive-date = 27 January 2013 | url-status = dead }} By downloading and installing the appliance package to the hard drive, it is intended by the developers that administrators would gain an easy method of setting up a dedicated server.

New software appliances, or customised appliances can be developed by forking the appropriate appliance build code on GitHub[https://github.com/turnkeylinux-apps Turnkey Linux Appliance Build code repository] and then built using TKLDev.[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklpatch TKLDev - Appliance Build Engine] Additionally appliances can also be customized and extended using TKLPatch,[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/doc/tkldev TKLPatch - a simple appliance customization mechanism]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a simple appliance modification mechanism.

TurnKey Linux can be run as a virtual machine with VirtualBox and VMWare, although the former has been described as having been provided with more documentation.{{cite news | last = Proffitt | first = Brian | date = February 15, 2010 | title = Virtual Appliances Offer Fast Sandboxes, Production Environments | work = ITWorld | url = http://www.itworld.com/open-source/96666/virtual-appliances-offer-fast-sandboxes-production-environments | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}

Image:Confconsole0.9.4-1.jpg|Configuration console

Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin system 0.jpg|Web management interface – System overview

Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin mysql fw.png|Web management interface – Firewall

{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}

• Virtual appliance
• Software appliance
• Live CD
• Bitnami

{{Reflist|30em}}

• [https://www.turnkeylinux.org/ Project website]
• [https://hub.turnkeylinux.org/ The TurnKey Linux "Hub"]
• [https://github.com/turnkeylinux/tracker/issues Issue Tracker (bugs and feature requests)]
• [https://github.com/turnkeylinux/tracker/wiki Development wiki]
• {{DistroWatch|TurnKey}}

{{Debian}}

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