Typhoon Utor

{{Short description|Pacific typhoon in 2013}}

{{Other hurricanes|List of storms named Utor|the 2013 typhoon|List of storms named Labuyo}}

{{Infobox weather event

| name = Typhoon Utor (Labuyo)

| image = Utor Aug 11 2013 0515Z.jpg

| caption = Utor rapidly intensifying off the Philippines on August 11

| formed = August 8, 2013

| dissipated = August 18, 2013

}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA

| winds = 105

| pressure = 925

}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC

| winds = 130

| pressure = 926

| basin = wpac

}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects

| year = 2013

| fatalities = 97

| damages = 3550000000

| areas = Philippines, Hong Kong, Macao, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan

}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer

| season = 2013 Pacific typhoon season

}}

Typhoon Utor, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Labuyo, was a powerful, deadly and destructive tropical cyclone that struck the Philippines and southern China in mid August 2013. Utor, contributed by United States and meaning squall line, was the 15th depression, the 2nd typhoon and the first super typhoon in the 2013 Pacific typhoon season. Utor started originating near Yap, tracking westwards in a favorable development, allowing the system to be better organized. All agencies upgraded the system as a depression soon after, with JTWC designating it as Tropical Depression 11W and PAGASA naming the depression as Labuyo. Continuing westwards, JMA named 11W as Utor as it continued to consolidate.

Developing into a tropical storm on August 9, Utor soon underwent explosive intensification and became a Category 4 super typhoon within a half day. After making landfall over Casiguran, Aurora in Luzon late on August 11. Utor lost its pin-hole eye after having its land interaction. The typhoon re-emerged in the South China Sea, and it ultimately made its second landfall over Yangxi County in China on August 14. Utor downgraded into a depression on the next day as it moved slowly over Guangxi. The remnant low later dissipated on August 18.

Meteorological history

{{storm path|Utor 2013 track.png}}

Early on August 8, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported that a tropical disturbance had developed north of Yap.{{cite web|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans August 8, 2013 06z |date=August 8, 2013 |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |access-date=August 11, 2013 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523144947/https://www.webcitation.org/6IjnpieGe?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201308080600.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |url-status=dead }} During that day, the system moved westwards and consolidated within a favourable environment of weak vertical wind shear and strong outflow, which was enhanced by a TUTT Cell located to the northwest of the disturbance.{{cite web|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans August 8, 2013 13z |date=August 8, 2013 |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |access-date=August 11, 2013 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523144906/https://www.webcitation.org/6IjnpdC1p?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201308081300.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert August 8, 2013 16z |date=August 8, 2013 |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |access-date=August 11, 2013 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145026/https://www.webcitation.org/6Ijo3PU5C?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN21-PGTW_201308081630.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |url-status=dead }} As a result, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), JTWC and PAGASA upgraded the system to a tropical depression 11W north of Palau, with the latter naming it Labuyo as it approached the Philippine Area of Responsibility.{{cite report|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2013/09/10/typhoon-best-track-2013-09-10t060000z/ |type=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Best Track |title=Typhoon Utor |author=RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |access-date=September 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529052727/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ax/axpq20.rjtd..txt |archive-date=May 29, 2014 |url-status=live |date=September 10, 2013 }}{{cite web|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |date=August 8, 2013 |access-date=August 11, 2013 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 11W Warning NR 001 August 8, 2013 21z |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308082100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522180004/https://www.webcitation.org/6IjolJf8W?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308082100.htm |archive-date=May 22, 2024 }}{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Alert: Tropical Depression "Labuyo" August 8, 21z |url=http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/wb/tcupdate.shtml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522180044/https://www.webcitation.org/6IjoLkukx?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201308082100.htm |archive-date=May 22, 2024 |publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration |url-status=dead }} During the next day, JTWC and JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, with the latter naming it as Utor (1311).{{cite web|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |date=August 9, 2013 |access-date=August 11, 2013 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145108/https://www.webcitation.org/6IlKHpY2u?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308092100.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W Warning NR 005 August 9, 2013 21z |url-status=dead }} Shortly thereafter, Utor began undergoing explosive intensification, achieving typhoon status early on August 10, as an eye developed.{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 11W (Utor) Warning Nr 07 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |access-date=August 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145150/https://www.webcitation.org/6ImqV4Kt9?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308100900.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |url-status=dead }}

On August 11, under the influence of low vertical wind shear, very favourable poleward and westward outflow, and warm sea surface temperature, Utor began to intensify more and formed a clear eye.{{cite web|title=PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TYPHOON 11W (UTOR) WARNING NR 11 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145427/https://www.webcitation.org/6IoLpsbTl?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308110900.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |url-status=dead }} At 12:00 UTC, Typhoon Utor attained peak intensity by the ten-minute maximum sustained winds reaching 105 knots (195 km/h, 120 mph) and the atmospheric pressure decreasing to {{convert|925|hPa|inHg|abbr=on}}. The system became exceptionally symmetrical, as the convective bands had further deepened and wrapped tighter around a {{convert|13|nmi}} pin-hole eye, prompting JTWC upgrading Utor to a super typhoon.{{cite web|title=PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR SUPER TYPHOON 11W (UTOR) WARNING NR 12 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145347/https://www.webcitation.org/6IoLpnsTI?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308111500.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |url-status=dead }} Due to land interaction with Luzon, the pin-hole eye filled in quickly; as a result, JTWC downgraded Utor to a typhoon at 18:00 UTC.{{cite web|title=PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TYPHOON 11W (UTOR) WARNING NR 13 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145306/https://www.webcitation.org/6IoLpjUmz?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308112100.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |url-status=dead }} Tracking along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge to the north, Utor made landfall over northern Luzon around 19:00 UTC (03:00 PHT on August 12).{{cite news|title=23 missing as Typhoon Utor hits Philippines|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10911533|newspaper=New Zealand Herald|access-date=16 August 2013|date=August 12, 2013}}

Owing to peaks of western Luzon, Utor significantly weakened as the deep convection became disorganised. Early on August 12, Utor arrived at the South China Sea, where the environment southwest of an anticyclone was favourable with diffluence aloft, light vertical wind shear and excellent radial outflow.{{cite web|title=PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TYPHOON 11W (UTOR) WARNING NR 14 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |access-date=15 September 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145230/https://www.webcitation.org/6IoLpe3Zy?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308120300.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |url-status=dead }} Although a ragged eye had formed later that day, the typhoon did not restrengthen further when tracking along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge.{{cite web|title=PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TYPHOON 11W (UTOR) WARNING NR 16 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |access-date=15 September 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145517/https://www.webcitation.org/6IptHdLNP?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308121500.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |url-status=dead }} On August 13, the eye of Utor had become well-defined on the visible satellite imagery, but the intensity and structure remained when the system was tracking northwestward.{{cite web|title=PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TYPHOON 11W (UTOR) WARNING NR 19 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |access-date=15 September 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145550/https://www.webcitation.org/6IrSSyyzW?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201308130900.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |url-status=dead }} At 07:50 UTC (15:50 CST) on August 14, Utor made landfall over Yangxi County in Yangjiang, Guangdong, China as a minimal typhoon.{{cite web|script-title=zh:强台风“尤特”在广东阳江登陆 海南风雨逐渐减弱|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2013-08/14/c_116945250.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019193412/http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2013-08/14/c_116945250.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 19, 2014|publisher=Xinhua News Agency|access-date=15 September 2013|language=zh|date=14 August 2013}} At 12:00 UTC, JMA downgraded Utor to a severe tropical storm, shortly before JTWC issued a final warning to the rapidly weakening system due to land interaction.{{cite web|title=TYPHOON 11W (UTOR) WARNING NR 024 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |access-date=15 September 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523145635/https://www.webcitation.org/6IsvakhaO?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201308141500.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |url-status=dead }} Later, Utor weakened into a tropical storm overland, and JMA downgraded the system into a tropical depression at noon on August 15. However, the remnants began tracking very slowly in Guangxi, until the tropical depression finally dissipated on August 18.

Preparations and impact

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2013}}

=Philippines=

File:Typhoon Utor 2013 making landfall.gif

Ahead of Utor affecting the Philippines, PAGASA issued various tropical cyclone signals for Luzon and Visayas, including signal 3 for the provinces of Aurora and Isabela and signal 1 for Metro Manila.

{{cite news|work=Philstar|title=Labuyo barrels toward Luzon|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/08/12/1080711/labuyo-barrels-toward-luzon|access-date=August 12, 2013}} As Utor approached Central Luzon, a Malacanang Palace spokesperson called that local government to prepare and evacuate residents living near slopes, mountains and sea.{{cite web|title=Palace: Gov't ready for onslaught of typhoon 'Labuyo'|url=http://www.zambotimes.com/archives/news/72198-Palace-Govt-ready-for-onslaught-of-typhoon-Labuyo.html|access-date=August 12, 2013|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045920/http://www.zambotimes.com/archives/news/72198-Palace-Govt-ready-for-onslaught-of-typhoon-Labuyo.html|url-status=dead}} Thirty-two provinces in Luzon and Manila had been placed under signal warnings.{{cite web|title=Typhoon Labuyo makes landfall over Casiguran, Aurora |url=http://anc.yahoo.com/news/typhoon-labuyo-makes-landfall-over-casiguran-aurora-194712831.html |access-date=August 12, 2013 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813052858/http://anc.yahoo.com/news/typhoon-labuyo-makes-landfall-over-casiguran-aurora-194712831.html |archive-date=August 13, 2013 }} In Isabela, 67 families were evacuated before landfall. Under the anticipation of a direct hit, the local Pangasinan government placed the entire province on red alert. On August 11, the governor announced the suspension of classes from pre-school to tertiary level. Government and private offices were also suspended. Rescue equipment and rubber boats had also been placed in the disaster risk area of the province.{{cite web|title=Pangasinan braces for typhoon 'Labuyo'| website=Philippine Information Agency |url=http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?article=411376275196|access-date=August 12, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130812133406/http://www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?article=411376275196|archive-date=August 12, 2013|df=mdy-all}} In the said regions, the government advised all to not engage in water sports or rough seas due to the anticipated rough seas.{{cite web|title=Red alert raised as Labuyo prepares to hit C. Luzon|website=Malaya |url=http://www.malaya.com.ph/index.php/news/nation/38178-red-alert-raised-labuyo-prepares-to-hit-c-luzon|access-date=August 12, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}

Utor made its landfall in Casiguran, Aurora at 3 AM (local time) on August 12. Power lines and telecommunications went down and many houses were destroyed.{{cite web|title=One dead, 23 missing as typhoon Labuyo hits Luzon|date=August 12, 2013 |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/36231-missing-as-typhoon-labuyo-hits-luzon|access-date=August 12, 2013}} In Nueva Vizcaya, heavy rainfall had been recorded. Some residents in the said province were forced to evacuate due to flooding. Moreover, the Magat River in the province reached the critical level, resulting in the partial opening of four gates in a dam. Electricity was also out in the province. One man died in Baguio after he had been buried alive after a mudslide hit his home. In Isabela, more than 100 families had been affected by Utor. About 200 million pesos in agriculture was blamed on Utor in Isabela alone. Around 1,000 residents in the central Bicol region spent the night in shelters, and 23 fishermen who were out at sea failed to return home in four towns in Catanduanes province.{{cite news|title=23 Fishermen Missing as Typhoon Batters Philippines|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2013/08/11/world/asia/ap-as-asia-typhoon.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&smid=tw-nytimes&_r=0|newspaper=NY Times|access-date=August 12, 2013}} Some cars in North Luzon Expressway used hazard signals as roads were nearly impossible to see. Intense rainfall throughout the day had been recorded in Zambales, which created flash flooding in low-lying areas. The major river in the province then overflowed, flooding homes. The flooding was expected to rise as high tide was expected in the morning.{{cite web|title=Typhoon 'Labuyo' batters Aurora town|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/video/nation/regions/08/12/13/typhoon-labuyo-batters-aurora-town|access-date=August 12, 2013}} At least 700 passengers were stranded in the ports of Albay, Catanduanes, Sorsogon and Samar. Additionally, 10 flights had also been canceled as Utor brought intense rainfall in many parts of Luzon.{{cite web|title=10 Flights canceled due to typhoon "Labuyo"|date=August 12, 2013 |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/463927/10-flights-canceled-due-to-typhoon-labuyo|access-date=August 12, 2013}}

Throughout the Philippines, 11 people were killed while four others were listed as missing. A total of 407,493 people were affected by the typhoon, roughly a third of whom were displaced from their homes. Significant infrastructural damage took place with 2,592 homes destroyed and 21,197 more damaged. Losses from Utor amounted to 1.58 billion (US$36.4 million), the majority resulting from agricultural damage.{{cite web|work=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council|publisher=Government of the Philippines|date=August 18, 2013|access-date=August 18, 2013|title=FINAL REPORT re Effects and Emergency Management of Typhoon LABUYO (UTOR)|url=http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/category/12/FINAL_REPORT_re_Effects_and_Emergency_Management_of_Typhoon_LABUYO_UTOR_09-12AUG2013.pdf}}

=China=

File:Hong Kong Typhoon Utor.JPG

The Chinese bulk carrier Trans Summer sank some {{convert|45|nmi}} southwest of Hong Kong after having been caught in the typhoon. Twenty-one members of the crew were saved.[http://www.news.odin.tc/index.php?page=view/article/727/Bulk-carrier-Trans-Summer-sank-off-Hong-Kong-in-Typhoon-Utor Bulk carrier Trans Summer sank off Hong Kong in Typhoon Utor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426232622/http://www.news.odin.tc/index.php?page=view%2Farticle%2F727%2FBulk-carrier-Trans-Summer-sank-off-Hong-Kong-in-Typhoon-Utor |date=April 26, 2014 }}. Maritime Bulletin, 14 August 2013. {{retrieved|access-date=2013-08-14}}

Widespread damage took place in Guangdong Province where at least four people were killed and four others were listed missing. An estimated 1.09 million people were affected, 161,500 of whom were temporarily relocated due to the threat of flooding. Typhoon-force winds caused a belt factory in Dongguan to collapse, killing 1 person and injuring 17 others.{{cite web|publisher=中新社|date=August 16, 2013|access-date=August 16, 2013|script-title=zh:“尤特”刮走广东18亿 已致4人死亡4人失踪 |url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2013/08-16/5171765.shtml|language=zh}} Losses across the province amounted to ¥8.63 billion (US$1.41 billion).{{cite web|publisher=中新社|date=August 26, 2013|access-date=August 26, 2013|script-title=zh:“尤特”给广东造成直接经济损失86.3亿元 |url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2013/08-26/5206839.shtml|language=zh}} 18 people were killed in Guangxi Province while more than 1.3 million people were affected. Losses in the province reached ¥698 million (US$114 million).{{cite web|author1=周映|author2=黄光曦|publisher=中新社|date=August 21, 2013|access-date=August 21, 2013|script-title=zh:“尤特”致广西132万多人受灾经济损失6.98亿 |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2013-08/18/c_116987097.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130818155742/http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2013-08/18/c_116987097.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 18, 2013|language=zh}} Prolonged heavy rains in Hunan Province triggered widespread flooding that caused substantial damage. At least five people were killed and five others were listed missing while 964,600 people were affected by the storm.{{cite web|publisher=搜狐公司|date=August 18, 2013|access-date=August 18, 2013|script-title=zh:台风“尤特”致湖南5人遇难5人失踪 |url=http://news.sohu.com/20130818/n384441783.shtml|language=zh}}

Following the storm, prices of vegetables were raised by an average of one percent in Guangzhou, while the price of leafy vegetables was raised by as much as 15 percent. A total of 86 people were killed in Mainland China, while total damages were amounted to be ¥21.5 billion (US$3.51 billion).{{cite conference|page=16 |conference=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee: 8th Integrated Workshop/2nd TRCG Forum |title=Member Report: China |url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/8IWS_2TRCG/docs/Members%20Report/2013MemberReportChina.pdf |date=November 22, 2013 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |publisher=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee |access-date=November 26, 2013 |conference-url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/8IWS_2TRCG/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012415/http://www.typhooncommittee.org/8IWS_2TRCG/docs/Members%20Report/2013MemberReportChina.pdf |url-status=live |author=China Meteorological Administration }}

Retirement

{{See also|List of retired Pacific typhoon names}}

During their 2014 annual session, the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee announced that the name Utor would be retired from the naming lists. The name Barijat was chosen to replace Utor, and was used for the first time in the 2018 season.

PAGASA announced that the name Labuyo, would be retired from its naming lists after it had caused over {{ntsp|1000000000||PHP}} in damages.{{cite news|title=2 low-pressure areas spotted off northern Luzon|author=Flores, Helen|url=http://m.philstar.com/nation/show/4aa3f9a2970c7b8fa2ff4f7d854b9c35&t=i835migutel820q2okgjj0a041|date=August 17, 2013|work=Philstar.com|access-date=August 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928163717/http://m.philstar.com/nation/show/4aa3f9a2970c7b8fa2ff4f7d854b9c35%26t%3Di835migutel820q2okgjj0a041|archive-date=September 28, 2013|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130819034233/http://mb.com.ph/News/Main_News/27910/%E2%80%98Labuyo%E2%80%99_damage_hits_P1.4_B |title='Labuyo' damage hits P1.4 B |url=http://mb.com.ph/News/Main_News/27910/%E2%80%98Labuyo%E2%80%99_damage_hits_P1.4_B |date=August 19, 2013 |author=Aben, Elena L |newspaper=The Manila Bulletin |access-date=August 19, 2013 |archive-date=August 19, 2013 |url-status=dead }} PAGASA chose the name Lannie to replace Labuyo for the 2017 season.

See also

{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}

Notes

{{reflist|group=nb}}

References

{{reflist}}