Casiguran, Aurora

The name, Casiguran, is conjectured to derive from Gugurang,Espinas, M. (1996). The Ibalong : The Bikol Folk Epic-fragment. Manila: University of Santo Tomas Publishing House. after the deity of the indigenous Ibalon peoples of Southern Luzon, from the provinces vulnerable to the turbulences of Mayon Volcano.Prado, M. G. (1981). Ibalon : Ethnohistory of the Bikol Region. Legazpi City: AMS Press. The Ibalon were Christianized by Augustinian missionaries in the 1570s.Reyes, J. C. (January–February 1979). The Ibalen Epic - A Window to Bicols Pre-history. Boletin Eclesiastico de Filipinas v. 53 nos. 590-591, pp. 61-92.

Before being colonized, the southern regions had an ancient religious system of deities. Gugurang, the "god of Good" who dwells inside of Mount Mayon is the guardian and protector of the sacred fire — which Asuang, his brother, tries to steal. When displeased, Gugurang would cause Mayon Volcano to erupt,{{Citation|title=Volcanic Regions List {{!}} Smithsonian Institution |url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=273801 |language=en}} but the lava also made the surrounding lands fertile.{{Citation |title=Asuang Steals Fire from Gugurang {{!}} Our Own Voice |url=http://www.ourownvoice.com/tales/tales2004a-2.shtml |language=en}}

Casiguran was founded by Spanish missionaries on June 13, 1609. Prior to their arrival, the inhabitants of the area were the Dumagats, Aetas, and Bugkalots, followed by migrants from other parts of the Philippines.{{Cite magazine |last=Barrows |first=David P. |date=1910 |title=The Ilongot or Ibilao of Luzon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TSMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA521 |magazine=Popular Science Monthly |quote= These people (Ilongot) scattered rancherias toward Baler and sustain trading relations with the Tagalog of that town, but are hostile with the Ilongot of Nueva Vizcaya jurisdiction... It may be that these Ilongot communicate with the Tagalog town of Kasiguran. |language=en |volume=77 |issue=1–6 |pages=521–537}} These migrants spoke different languages such as Ilocano, Visayan languages, Tagalog, Bikol languages, Kapampangan, Gaddang, Itawis and Ibanag, and from these a Kasiguranin language evolved.[https://www.casiguran-aurora.gov.ph/index.php/for-business/8-about-us Official Website of Casiguran][https://philippinefaithandheritagetours.com/saint-anthony-de-padua-parish-church-casiguran-aurora/#:~:text=Casiguran%20was%20initially%20founded%20as,Ilocos%2C%20and%20the%20Visayan%20islands. Saint Anthony de Padua Parish Church Casiguran] on Philippine Faith and Heritage Tour website In 1818, Nueva Ecija annexed Casiguran, as well as Baler, Infanta (formerly called Binangonan de Lampon) and the Polillo Islands from Tayabas, and Palanan from Isabela.{{Cite web|url=http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/history.html|title=Aurora, Philippines – History|website=www.aurora.ph|language=en|access-date=February 7, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208033623/http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/history.html|archive-date=February 8, 2017}} Casiguran then became part of Nueva Vizcaya when it was created in 1839,{{Cite web|url=http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/casiguran.html|title=Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines – History|website=www.aurora.ph|language=en|access-date=February 18, 2023}} then became part of El Príncipe District of the province of Nueva Ecija when it was created in 1856.

In 1902, Casiguran became part of the province of Tayabas (now Quezon).{{Cite web|url=http://www.aurora.ph/mobile/history.html|title=Aurora, Philippines – History|website=www.aurora.ph|language=en|access-date=February 18, 2023}} In 1905, the area of modern Dilasag was part of Nueva Vizcaya & transferred to Tayabas thru Casiguran.The picture of territorial evolution of Quezon.
thumb From 1906 to 1907, Casiguran was merged with the town of Baler, also then in Tayabas.{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|number=1550|url=https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/legislative%2Bissuances/Act%20No.%201550|date=October 24, 1906|title=Full Title AN ACT CONSOLIDATING THE PRESENT MUNICIPALITY OF CASIGURAN WITH THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALER, BOTH IN THE PROVINCE OF TAYABAS, AND ANNEXING THE BARRIOS OF CABULIHAN, SAN ROQUE, AND CALANTAS WITH THE SITIOS OF AÑOS AND TUBAS, OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF GUMACA, TO THE MUNICIPALITY OF PITOGO, IN THE SAME PROVINCE.

|accessdate=February 18, 2023}}{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|number=1721|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l40d0|date=September 20, 1907|title=AN ACT INCREASING THE NUMBER OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE PROVINCE OF TAYABAS FROM TWENTY-FOUR TO TWENTY-SIX, BY ORGANIZING THE BARRIO OF CANDELARIA, NOW A PART OF SARIAYA, INTO A NEW MUNICIPALITY, AND SEPARATING FROM BALER THE FORMER MUNICIPALITY OF CASIGURAN, GIVING THE LATTER THE SAME TERRITORY WHICH IT COMPRISED PRIOR TO THE PASSAGE OF ACT NUMBERED FIFTEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTY.|accessdate=February 18, 2023}} Casiguran was transferred to Nueva Vizcaya in 1918, but restored to Tayabas in 1946.File:Northern philippines map.JPG

In 1942, invading Japanese forces landed in the town of Casiguran.{{explain|date=November 2016}} On February 19, 1945 to May 11, 1945, Allied troops as well as Philippine Commonwealth forces and recognized guerrilla units fought on the Battle of Casiguran during the return of American forces on Luzon on World War II.{{explain|date=November 2016}} When the Philippines regained sovereignty in 1946, Aurora was still part of Tayabas and Casiguran was a lone northern town. Its political jurisdiction is bounded on the north by the province of Isabela, on the west by Quirino, and on the south west by Barangay Dinadiawan, which was then the boundary between Baler and Casiguran.

In 1959 and 1966, the barrios of Dilasag and Dinalungan, which were part of Casiguran and situated on its northern and south-western portions, were made into municipalities.{{cite PH act|chamber=RA|number=4785|title=An Act Converting the Municipal District of Dilasag in the Subprovince of Aurora, Province of Quezon, into a Municipality|url=http://www.thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-4785.php|website=The Corpus Juris|access-date=6 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106042813/http://www.thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-4785.php|archive-date=6 November 2016|date=18 June 1966}}

On August 2, 1968, the 7.6-magnitude 1968 Casiguran earthquake struck near Casiguran.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of {{convert|715.43|km2|sp=us}}{{PSGC detail|area}} constituting {{percentage|715.43|3,147.32|2|pad=yes}} of the {{convert|3,147.32|km2|2|adj=mid|-|sp=us}} total area of Aurora.

Casiguran is located {{convert|120|km|sp=us}} north-east of provincial capital Baler and {{convert|351|km|sp=us}} from Manila. It is bounded on the north-east by Dilasag, south-west by Dinalungan, north-west by Quirino and southeast by the Philippine Sea.

Casiguran is politically subdivided into 24 barangays.{{PSGC detail|nscb}} Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

{{PH brgy table lite|top}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702001| Barangay 1 (Poblacion) | 790| 799}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702002| Barangay 2 (Poblacion) | 665| 665}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702003| Barangay 3 (Poblacion) | 235| 257}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702004| Barangay 4 (Poblacion) | 307| 302}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702005| Barangay 5 (Poblacion) | 439| 432}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702006| Barangay 6 (Poblacion) | 325| 310}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702007| Barangay 7 (Poblacion) | 288| 278}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702008| Barangay 8 (Poblacion) | 612| 601}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702019| Bianuan | 3443| 3440}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702009| Calabgan | 652| 496}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702010| Calangcuasan | 1104| 1099}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702011| Calantas | 1916| 1799}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702020| Cozo | 1637| 1618}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702012| Culat | 776| 630}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702021| Dibacong | 1954| 2374}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702013| Dibet | 973| 971}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702022| Ditinagyan | 591| 587}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702014| Esperanza | 502| 458}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702023| Esteves | 1793| 1786}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702015| Lual | 1588| 1482}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702016| Marikit | 735| 609}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702024| San Ildefonso | 1115| 1100}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702017| Tabas | 1043| 1007}}

{{PH brgy table lite|037702018| Tinib | 830| 765}}

{{PH brgy table lite|bottom|23865}}

{{Weather box

| location = Casiguran, Aurora (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2020)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| width = auto

| Jan record high C = 33.0

| Feb record high C = 33.9

| Mar record high C = 35.3

| Apr record high C = 36.8

| May record high C = 38.0

| Jun record high C = 39.2

| Jul record high C = 37.4

| Aug record high C = 40.0

| Sep record high C = 37.5

| Oct record high C = 35.6

| Nov record high C = 34.2

| Dec record high C = 35.6

| year record high C = 40.0

| Jan high C = 27.8

| Feb high C = 28.3

| Mar high C = 29.7

| Apr high C = 31.6

| May high C = 32.8

| Jun high C = 33.0

| Jul high C = 32.3

| Aug high C = 32.4

| Sep high C = 32.1

| Oct high C = 31.1

| Nov high C = 29.7

| Dec high C = 28.2

| year high C = 30.7

| Jan mean C = 24.0

| Feb mean C = 24.3

| Mar mean C = 25.4

| Apr mean C = 26.9

| May mean C = 28.1

| Jun mean C = 28.5

| Jul mean C = 28.0

| Aug mean C = 28.0

| Sep mean C = 27.7

| Oct mean C = 26.9

| Nov mean C = 25.9

| Dec mean C = 24.7

| year mean C = 26.5

| Jan low C = 20.1

| Feb low C = 20.2

| Mar low C = 21.1

| Apr low C = 22.3

| May low C = 23.5

| Jun low C = 23.9

| Jul low C = 23.7

| Aug low C = 23.7

| Sep low C = 23.3

| Oct low C = 22.7

| Nov low C = 22.1

| Dec low C = 21.3

| year low C = 22.3

| Jan record low C = 10.5

| Feb record low C = 9.0

| Mar record low C = 11.2

| Apr record low C = 11.4

| May record low C = 14.0

| Jun record low C = 18.0

| Jul record low C = 18.7

| Aug record low C = 15.0

| Sep record low C = 16.0

| Oct record low C = 15.0

| Nov record low C = 13.0

| Dec record low C = 11.6

| year record low C = 9.0

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 295.4

| Feb rain mm = 250.7

| Mar rain mm = 239.6

| Apr rain mm = 174.7

| May rain mm = 235.7

| Jun rain mm = 217.3

| Jul rain mm = 298.9

| Aug rain mm = 216.2

| Sep rain mm = 285.0

| Oct rain mm = 469.8

| Nov rain mm = 645.7

| Dec rain mm = 665.3

| year rain mm = 3994.3

| unit rain days = 1.0 mm

| Jan rain days = 16

| Feb rain days = 13

| Mar rain days = 13

| Apr rain days = 11

| May rain days = 13

| Jun rain days = 13

| Jul rain days = 15

| Aug rain days = 13

| Sep rain days = 15

| Oct rain days = 15

| Nov rain days = 18

| Dec rain days = 18

| year rain days = 173

| Jan humidity = 89

| Feb humidity = 88

| Mar humidity = 88

| Apr humidity = 87

| May humidity = 86

| Jun humidity = 86

| Jul humidity = 87

| Aug humidity = 86

| Sep humidity = 88

| Oct humidity = 88

| Nov humidity = 89

| Dec humidity = 90

| year humidity = 88

| source 1 = PAGASA

{{cite web

| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20220301233722/https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20NORMALS%20(1991-2020)/CASIGURAN.pdf

| archivedate = 1 March 2022

| url = https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20NORMALS%20(1991-2020)/CASIGURAN.pdf

| title = Casiguran, Aurora Climatological Normal Values 1991–2020

| publisher = Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

| accessdate = 24 June 2022}}

{{cite web

| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20220307194128/https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20EXTREMES%20(as%20of%202020)/Casiguran.pdf

| archivedate = 7 March 2022

| url = https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20EXTREMES%20(as%20of%202020)/Casiguran.pdf

| title = Casiguran, Aurora Climatological Extremes

| publisher = Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

| accessdate = 24 June 2022}}

}}

{{Philippine Census

| align= left

| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}

| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}

| 1918 = {{PH census population|1918}}

| 1939 = {{PH census population|1939}}

| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}

| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}

| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}

| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}

| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}

| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}

| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}

| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}

| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}

| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}

| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}

| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}

| 2025 =

| 2030 =

| footnote= Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}}

}}

In the 2020 census, Casiguran had a population of 26,564.{{PH census|current}} The population density was {{convert|{{sigfig|26,564/715.43|2}}|PD/km2}}.

In 1960, the population of Casiguran was 6,900. This was almost doubled by the 1970s when population was 12,128, an increase of about 76% (5.8% annual average growth rate). Between 1970 and 1975, there was a marked decreased in the number of population from 12,128 to 11,670. This reduction was due to deteriorated peace and order, which forced some of the population to move away. The trend reversed by 1980, with an increase of 19% or an annual average growth rate increase of 3.86%. Increasing population continued during the succeeding censal years (1980 to 1995) but with a declining annual average population growth rate. This is attributed to the gradual stoppage of logging operations in the area. Many workers involved in this trade were not original residents, so when the jobs were no longer available, they left. Between 1995 and 1999 there was a significant increase of the annual average population growth rate to 4.36%.

{{clear left}}

{{PH poverty incidence}}

• Athena Imperial - news field reporter, communication researcher and Miss Philippines Earth 2011.

• 1968 Casiguran earthquake

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category}}

• [{{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
• [http://www.aurora.ph/casiguran.html Casiguran]

{{Geographic location

| Centre = Casiguran

| North = Dilasag

| East = Philippine Sea

| South = Baler Bay

| Southwest = Dinalungan

| West = Maddela, Quirino

}}

{{Aurora}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Municipalities of Aurora (province)