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User:Buckshot06/Sandbox Structure of the Soviet Ground Forces

see Naval organization of the U.S.-led coalition during the Gulf War

Listing of naval units, U.S./Coalition forces, Gulf War, January - February 1991

{{See also|Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War}}

This is the order of battle for the naval campaign in the Gulf War between United States and Coalition Forces between 17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991.

File:F-18A VFA-87 dropping boms during 1991 Gulf War.jpg

File:USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) and USS Saratoga (CV-60) underway c1991.jpg

= Task Force 155, Battle Force Yankee =

Battle Force Yankee included two carriers, including Saratoga, in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, Carrier Group Two/Task Force 155).Pokrant 1999.

File:US_Navy_Battle_Force_Zulu_carriers_overhead_view_in_1991.jpg (top right), Midway (top left), Ranger (bottom left) and America (bottom right), as part of Battle Force Zulu in the Persian Gulf. Midway was the flagship of Battle Force Zulu.]]

File:F-18As_VFA-87_with_A-6E_during_1991_Gulf_War.jpg

= Battle Force Zulu / TF 154 / Arabian Gulf Battle Force =

File:US Navy Battle Force Zulu 1991 - DN-ST-91-07575.jpg.]]

Naval Forces Central Command (*master*)

{{See also|Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War}}

File:SacUnrep.jpg

Naval Forces Central Command reported to United States Central Command.

After arrival in-theatre in late 1990, Admiral Mauz "retained the Middle East Force, designated CTG 150.1 [Commander Task Group 150.1], for most warfighting functions inside the Persian Gulf. Under this hat, Rear Admiral [William M. "Bill"] Fogarty would control only the half-dozen ships or so of the Middle East Force, augmented by the battleship Wisconsin when it arrived. Under a second hat, CTG 150.2, Fogarty would be the commander of the U.S. Maritime Interception Force. For this job, his authority would extend outside the Persian Gulf to ships operating in the North Arabian Sea and Red Sea, but only for interception operations."{{sfn|Pokrant|1999|p=20}} The CVBGs in the North Arabian Sea and Red Sea were designated Task Groups 150.4 and 150.5 respectively; the Amphibious and Landing Forces were CTG 150.6 and CTG 150.8 (Major General Jenkins). Rear Admiral Stephen S. Clarey was Commander U.S. Maritime Prepositioning Force, Task Group 150.7, which was disestablished on 12 September 1990.{{sfn|Pokrant|1999|p=21}}Shield and Sword: The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf War

By Edward J. Marolda, Robert John Schneller, p.84.

{{USS|Dwight D. Eisenhower|CVN-69}} transited from the Mediterranean/Suez Canal into the Red Sea on 8 August 1990 with {{USS|Ticonderoga}}, {{USS|John L. Hall}}, {{USS|Suribachi|AE-21}} and {{USNS|Neosho|T-AO-143}}, the last two underway replenishment ships (CH-90, pp13-14).{{Cite web|title=CVN-69 USS Dwight D. Eisenhower|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/archives/Collections/command-operations-reports/ships/d/dwight-d-eisenhower-cvn-69-i.html|access-date=2021-12-22|website=www.historycentral.com}} On 23-24 August, the Red Sea Battle Group was turned over to the {{USS|Saratoga}} group, and 'Eisenhower' and 'Ticonderoga' left Sixth Fleet on 3 September.

From 1 January 1991, the six carriers deployed were divided into Battle Force Yankee (two carriers, including Saratoga, in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, Carrier Group Two/Task Force 155) and Task Force 154, Battle Force Zulu (four carriers in the Arabian Sea/Persian Gulf under Rear Admiral Daniel P. March, Commander, Carrier Group Five). TF 150 was Vice Admiral Henry H. Mauz, Jr. himself, TF 151 the Middle East Force, now including {{USS|Bunker Hill|CG-52|6}}, TG 150.3 Naval Logistics Support Force (Rear Admiral Bob Sutton), and TF 156 the amphibious force.{{sfn|Pokrant|1999}} Conduct of the Persian Gulf War Fig VII-3, lists the PG, Red Sea, and Middle East Forces; the Amphibious Force, the Logistics Support Force, at some points, the Mediterranean Strike Group, and NAVCENT Rep Riyadh.

On 15 February, France placed one frigate, Jean de Vienne (D-643),{{Cite web|title=La Marine dans la Guerre du Golfe|url=http://www.netmarine.net/g/dossiers/golfe/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.netmarine.net}} under U.S. operational control to escort Coalition combat logistics ships, but it was not authorised to take part in offensive operations.Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, 262.

= [[Middle East Force]], Task Force 150.1, Rear Admiral William M. Fogarty =

https://www.usni.org/archives/memoirs/storm-sea-rear-admiral-william-m-fogarty {{USS|La Salle|AGF-3}}

= Task Force 156, Amphibious Force =

File:F-18A VFA-87 dropping boms during 1991 Gulf War.jpg

File:USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) and USS Saratoga (CV-60) underway c1991.jpg

= Task Force 155, Battle Force Yankee =

Battle Force Yankee included two carriers, including Saratoga, in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, Carrier Group Two/Task Force 155).Pokrant 1999.

File:F-18As_VFA-87_with_A-6E_during_1991_Gulf_War.jpg

= Task Force 154, Battle Force Zulu =

File:US Navy Battle Force Zulu 1991 - DN-ST-91-07575.jpg.]]

= Coalition Naval Forces =

= Royal Navy, east of Suez =

File:A Westland Lynx helicopter of the Royal Navy flies over the Greek destroyer HS Kriezis (DD-217) during Operation Desert Shield.JPEG

File:Royal Navy Type 22 frigate underway in the Red Sea, in 1991.jpg

File:Royal Navy Westland Lynx HAS.3 aboard USS Leftwich (DD-984) during the 1991 Gulf War.jpg

During the Gulf Conflict, the Royal Navy "had a pivotal role in joint operations". Westland Lynx helicopters were tasked with finding and destroying Iraqi Navy vessels. A large element of the Royal Navy undertook the coalition's mine hunting in the northern Gulf. In clearing the Gulf of mines, the Royal Navy minehunters enabled the battleships USS Missouri and USS Wisconsin to sail into Kuwaiti waters, from where they would fire their 16-inch guns on Iraqi positions ashore. The Type 42 destroyers provided air defence for these vessels, notably when {{HMS| Gloucester}} was able to intercept a missile fired at Missouri.{{Cite web|last=Moorhouse|first=Dan|date=2021-02-27|title=Operation Granby: The 1st Gulf War.|url=https://schoolshistory.org.uk/topics/operation-granby-the-1st-gulf-war/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=Schoolshistory.org.uk|language=en-GB}} In total, the Fleet Air Arm destroy some 15 Iraqi patrol vessels, achieving a 93% hit rate, and accounting for 1/4 of all ships destroyed in the war.{{Cite web|date=20 November 2008|title=Fleet Air Arm History: 1990's|url=https://www.fleetairarmoa.org/Content/sites/FAAOA/pages/178/20081120-cjj-final-decades90s.PDF|access-date=13 June 2021|website=Fleet Air Arm Officer's Association}}

Preliminary command arrangements for the BAe Nimrod detachment to be sent to the Gulf were made on 10 August 1990:

"The Joint Commander of British forces in the Gulf (the AOC-in-C Strike Command) assumed operational command of the Nimrod detachment, while operational control was vested in the Air Commander British Forces Arabian Peninsular. Tactical command of the Nimrod detachment was exercised by the Detachment Commander, who reported to the Air Commander, but it was accepted that tactical control (TACON) might be delegated to the Royal Navy Task Group already deployed in the Gulf, Task Group 321.1 (under the Commander Task Group (CTG 321.1), the Senior Naval Officer Middle East."{{sfn|Review|2016|p=209}}

It appears that command of Task Force 321 was retained by the Commander-in-Chief Fleet at Northwood Headquarters in the northwest of London. On 29 November 1990 Commodore Chris Craig relieved Commodore Paul Haddocks as Senior Naval Officer Middle East.{{sfn|Review|2016|p=18}}

Ashore supporting the 1st (UK) Armoured Division was the Support Helicopter Force Middle East, which included a composite Royal Marine Westland Sea King HC.4 made up of six aircraft each from 845 Naval Air Squadron and 848 Naval Air Squadron, totalling 12.Johann Price, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811162158/http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/uk/gulforbat1990.html British Ground Force in the Gulf War, 1990–91]

== Royal Navy ==

  • Type 42 'Sheffield'-class destroyers:Sturtivant, p. 413 HMS Exeter (D89), HMS Manchester (D95), HMS Gloucester (D96){{Cite web|title=British Minehunters First To Hit Gulf Waters In Military Buildup With AM-Gulf Rdp, Bjt|url=https://apnews.com/article/d7e304a5b5a5c69b323c1fe73c901e96|access-date=2021-06-13|website=AP NEWS}}, HMS York (D98) and HMS Cardiff (D108)
  • Type 22 'Broadsword'-class anti-submarine frigates: HMS Brazen (F91), HMS Brave (F94), and HMS Brilliant (F90)
  • Round Table-class landing ship logistics: RFA Sir Tristram (L3505), RFA Sir Bedivere (L3004), RFA Sir Galahad (L3005), and RFA Sir Percivale (L3036)
  • Fleet Air Arm{{Cite web|title=Op Granby {{!}} Gulf-war {{!}} Britain's Small Wars|url=http://britains-smallwars.com/campaigns/gulfwar/page.php?art_url=op-granby|access-date=2021-06-13|website=britains-smallwars.com|language=en}}
  • 815 Naval Air Squadron (Westland Lynx HAS.3) – deployed on the destroyers
  • 846 Naval Air Squadron (6 x Westland Sea King HC.4) – available for Medevac to RFA Argus if needed{{Cite web|last=Moorhouse|first=Dan|date=2021-02-27|title=Operation Granby: The 1st Gulf War.|url=https://schoolshistory.org.uk/topics/operation-granby-the-1st-gulf-war/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=Schoolshistory.org.uk|language=en-GB}}
  • Several Flights from 829 Naval Air Squadron (30 x Westland Lynx [total for squadron]){{Cite web|date=2008-10-15|title=History : 829 : Naval Air Squadrons : Fleet Air Arm : Operations and Support : Royal Navy|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015000421/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.2146|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}
  • Sources:'''{{Cite web|title=Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment 1947-2013|url=https://naval-history.net/xGW-RNOrganisation1947-2013.htm#5|access-date=2021-06-12|website=naval-history.net}}{{Cite web|date=2018-02-01|title=RAF - British Forces involved in Operation Granby|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201133842/https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/BritishForcesinvolvedinOperationGranby.cfm|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}{{Cite web|title=Explainer: The Royal Navy’s role in the Persian Gulf|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/features/explainer-the-royal-navys-role-in-the-persian-gulf/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.naval-technology.com|language=en-GB}}

= Western European Naval Force =

In September 1990, at one of the early coordinating meetings for the maritime interception operation, French and Italian representatives asked for a separate role for the naval units of the Western European Union (WEU) states. The WEU states were therefore assigned a separate operating area off the United Arab Emirates."Shield and Sword," 86-87. The WEU decided to place their ships under the operational command of the French Amiral Ocean Indien (ALINDIEN).{{Cite web|title=The Operation Southern Breeze|url=http://www.wielingen1991.org/en/mission_/the_operation.htm|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.wielingen1991.org}}

= Royal Navy, Mediterranean =

  • Flag Officer, Second Flotilla/CTG 323.2 (Rear Admiral John Brigstocke, Eastern Mediterranean)Iain Ballantyre, Strike from the Sea, Pen & Sword, 2004, 101-102.
  • Invincible-class aircraft carrier: HMS Ark Royal (R07) – task group flagship
  • 800 Naval Air Squadron (Eight British Aerospace Sea Harrier)
  • 814 Naval Air Squadron (Westland Sea King){{Cite web|date=2008-10-13|title=History : 814 : Naval Air Squadrons : Fleet Air Arm : Operations and Support : Royal Navy|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013173227/https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.2299|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}
  • 820 Naval Air Squadron (Westland Sea King Mk 6){{Cite web|date=2008-10-13|title=History : 820 : Naval Air Squadrons : Fleet Air Arm : Operations and Support : Royal Navy|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013174158/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.2309|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}
  • Escorts Sheffield, Charybdis, RFAs Olmeda, Regent{{sfn|Roberts|2009|p=211}}

= Notes =

= References =

  • {{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Lieutenant Colonel Ronald J.|title=United States Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 with Marine Forces afloat in Desert Shield and Desert Storm|publisher=History and Museum Division, Headquarters, United States Marine Corps|year=1998|location=Washington, District of Columbia}}
  • {{cite book|last=Dinackus|first=Thomas D.|title=Order of Battle: Allied Ground Forces of Operation Desert Storm|date=2000|publisher=Hellgate Press|isbn=1-55571-493-5|place=Central Point, Oregon|ref={{harvid|Dinackus|2000}}}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Quilter II|first=Colonel Charles J.|title=United States Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 with the I Marine Expeditionary Force in Desert Shield and Storm|publisher=History and Museums Division, Headquarters, United States Marine Corps|year=1993|location=District of Columbia, United States of America}}
  • {{cite book|ref={{harvid|Morin|Gimblett|1997}}|author1=Jean H. Morin |author2= Richard H. Gimblett|title=Operation Friction 1990-1991: The Canadian Forces in the Persian Gulf|publisher=Dundurn|date=1997|url=https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=NkAuxykLgR0C&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=%22CTG+150.2%22&source=bl&ots=8mtS_9xFUt&sig=ACfU3U2q_0HVGd-sAQf6Zngvj2sz5BYwlw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV6KPIsZrxAhVFExoKHee3DYcQ6AEwBHoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=%22Task%20Group%22&f=false|isbn=9781459713338}}
  • {{cite book|ref={{harvid|Review|2016}}|author=Director Defence Studies RAF|title=Air Power Review: First Gulf War 25th Anniversary -Special Edition |date=Summer 2016| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/what-we-do/centre-for-air-and-space-power-studies/documents1/air-power-review-vol-19-no-2-first-gulf-war-25th-anniversary-special/}}
  • {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Pokrant|1999}}|title=Desert Shield at Sea: What the Navy Really Did: Volume 174 of Contributions in Military Studies |last=Pokrant |first=Marvin |year=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=0313310238 |access-date=6 July 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrpTaObCXq8C }}
  • {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Roberts|2009}}|author=John Roberts |title=Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy |publisher=Seaforth Publishing|date=April 2009}}
  • {{cite journal|author=Robinson, Colin D.|title=The U.S. Navy's task forces: 1–199|journal=Defence and Security Analysis|volume=36|number=1|pages=109–110|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14751798.2020.1712028|date=January 2020}}

:Category:Orders of battle :Category:Naval units and formations :Category:United States Navy in the 20th century:Category:20th-century history of the Royal Navy