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File:Information.svg Hello, I'm Dan653. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions—specifically [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eli%20Erlick&diff=1105834244 this edit] to :Eli Erlick—because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. Dan653 (talk) 01:14, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

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File:Information.svg Hello, I'm Ca. An edit that you recently made to :Majorana 1 seemed to be generated using a large language model (an "AI chatbot" or other application using such technology). Text produced by these applications can be unsuitable for an encyclopedia, and output must be carefully checked. Your edit may have been reverted. If you want to practice editing, please use your sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks.{{PAGENAME}} Ca ^{talk to me!} 02:10, 21 February 2025 (UTC)

{{Short description|Quantum computing chip}}

Majorana 1 is a quantum processing unit (QPU) developed by Microsoft, announced in February 2025.{{Cite web |title=Microsoft’s Majorana 1 chip carves new path for quantum computing |url=https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/microsofts-majorana-1-chip-carves-new-path-for-quantum-computing/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Source |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Microsoft creates an 'entirely new state of matter', Satya Nadella calls it a breakthrough |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/microsoft-creates-an-entirely-new-state-of-matter-satya-nadella-calls-it-a-breakthrough-101739989642777.html |access-date=2025-02-19}} It is the first QPU built on a "topological core", utilizing topological qubits based on Majorana zero modes. This technology represents a significant advancement in quantum computing, with the potential to revolutionize various industries.

Quantum computing research has historically faced challenges in achieving qubit stability and scalability. Traditional qubits, such as those based on superconducting circuits or trapped ions, are highly susceptible to noise and decoherence, which can introduce errors in computations. To overcome these limitations, researchers have been exploring various approaches to building more robust and fault-tolerant quantum computers. Topological qubits, first theorized in 1997 by Alexei Kitaev and Michael Freedman,{{Cite journal |last=Kitaev |first=A.Yu. |date=2003-01 |title=Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4916(02)00018-0 |journal=Annals of Physics |volume=303 |issue=1 |pages=2–30 |doi=10.1016/s0003-4916(02)00018-0 |issn=0003-4916}}{{Cite journal |last=Freedman |first=Michael H. |date=1998-01-06 |title=P/NP, and the quantum field computer |url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.95.1.98 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=98–101 |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.1.98 |pmc=PMC18139 |pmid=9419335}} offer a promising solution by encoding quantum information in a way that is inherently protected from environmental disturbances. This protection stems from the topological properties of the system, which are resistant to local perturbations. Microsoft's approach, based on Majorana fermions, is one of several efforts to realize topological quantum computing. Other research groups are investigating different types of topological qubits, such as those based on Fibonacci anyons or surface codes.

{{Main|topoconductor}}

Microsoft introduced the term topoconductor to describe a new class of materials enabling stable topological quantum states. These materials reportedly allow for the creation and manipulation of Majorana zero modes, which serve as the basis for topological qubits.{{Cite web |date=2025-02-19 |title=Microsoft claims quantum breakthrough after 20-year pursuit of elusive particle |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a60f44f5-81ca-4e66-8193-64c956b09820 |website=Financial Times}} Topoconductors are characterized by their unique electronic band structure, which gives rise to topologically protected surface states. These surface states are robust against disorder and imperfections, making them ideal for hosting Majorana zero modes.

Microsoft's topoconductor is made of indium arsenide and aluminum.{{Cite web |title=Microsoft's Big Bet on Majorana Pays Off with New Topological Quantum Chip |url=https://www.hpcwire.com/2025/02/19/microsofts-big-bet-on-majorana-pays-off-with-new-topological-quantum-chip/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=HPCwire}} When cooled to near absolute zero and subjected to magnetic fields, these materials form topological superconducting nanowires with MZMs at their ends.

Internal whitepapers suggest the topoconductor's structure facilitates "braiding" processes—key operations for error-resistant qubit logic.{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=A. |year=2024 |title=Topological Superconductors and Novel Quantum Materials |journal=Physical Review X |doi=10.1103/PhysRevX.14.041002}}{{Cite web |date=2025-02-18 |title=Why Majorana Qubits Still Face an Uphill Battle |url=https://physicsworld.com/majorana-qubits-challenges-2025/ |website=Physics World}} Braiding involves exchanging the positions of Majorana zero modes in a controlled manner, which can be used to perform quantum computations. This process is inherently fault-tolerant because the topological protection of the Majorana modes makes them resistant to local disturbances.

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are quasiparticles that are their own antiparticles. This property makes them incredibly stable and resistant to decoherence, a major obstacle in building practical quantum computers. Topological qubits are formed by encoding quantum information in the non-local state of a pair of MZMs. This non-local encoding makes them less susceptible to local disturbances, leading to improved stability and coherence compared to traditional qubits.

Majorana 1 is the world's first quantum processing unit (QPU) built on a topological core. It leverages the unique properties of topoconductors to create topological qubits that are faster, more reliable, and smaller than traditional qubits. These qubits are incredibly tiny, measuring just 1/100th of a millimeter in size.

The Majorana 1 chip is powered by a “Topological Core” architecture.{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Unveils Quantum Computing Breakthrough with Majorana 1 Chip |url=https://www.webpronews.com/microsoft-unveils-quantum-computing-breakthrough-with-majorana-1-chip/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=WebProNews}} At its heart lies the topoconductor material. This new architecture offers a clear path to fit a million qubits on a single chip that can fit in the palm of one's hand. This is a needed threshold for quantum computers to deliver transformative, real-world solutions.

One of the most significant advantages of Majorana 1 is its use of a measurement-based approach to quantum error correction (QEC). This method simplifies QEC and enables digital control of qubits, making them easier to manage and scale.

A million-qubit processor represents a significant leap in computing power.{{Cite web |title=Microsoft's 'Quantum Transistor' Brings Million-Qubit Computing Within Reach |url=https://scienceblog.com/microsofts-quantum-transistor-brings-million-qubit-computing-within-reach/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=ScienceBlog.com}} While current quantum computers typically work with dozens or hundreds of qubits, a million-qubit quantum computer would be capable of solving problems that are currently beyond the reach of even the most powerful supercomputers. This scale is considered a gateway to solving real-world problems and achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing, where errors are corrected more efficiently, paving the way for practical applications.

To understand the difference between a million-qubit processor and a traditional processor, consider how they store and process information:

This table highlights the key differences between the two types of processors. While traditional processors excel at tasks we perform every day, such as browsing the web or editing documents, quantum processors are designed to tackle a different class of problems, those that involve complex calculations and simulations beyond the capabilities of classical computers.

Majorana 1 and topological quantum computing have the potential to revolutionize various fields by solving problems that are currently intractable for classical computers. Some of the key applications include:

• **Drug Discovery:** Simulating molecular interactions with atomic precision to accelerate drug development.{{Cite web |title=What Is Quantum Computing? |url=https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/quantum-computing |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=IBM}}
• **Materials Science:** Designing new materials with enhanced properties for various applications, such as lighter and stronger materials for aircraft or more efficient solar cells.{{Cite web |title=Insurmountable Problems Only Quantum Computers Can Address |url=https://www.eetimes.eu/insurmountable-problems-only-quantum-computers-can-address/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=EE Times Europe}}
• **Financial Modeling:** Creating more accurate and sophisticated financial models for risk management and investment strategies.
• **Cryptography:** Developing new, quantum-resistant encryption algorithms to protect sensitive data in a post-quantum world.
• **Climate Modeling:** Understanding and predicting the effects of climate change more accurately to develop effective mitigation and adaptation strategies.
• **Breaking down microplastics into harmless byproducts.**
• **Inventing self-healing materials for construction, manufacturing, or healthcare.**
• **Developing catalysts to boost soil fertility and promote sustainable food growth in harsh climates.**
• **Optimizing enzymes for more effective use in healthcare and agriculture.**

Microsoft aims to use quantum computing to solve complex problems and drive progress across various sectors. The company is focused on:

• **Building scalable and reliable quantum computers.**
• **Developing quantum algorithms and applications.**
• **Fostering a quantum ecosystem through collaborations and partnerships.**

Microsoft's focus with quantum computing is on building technology that truly serves the world. The company believes that when productivity rises, economies grow faster, benefiting every sector and every corner of the globe.

Furthermore, Microsoft recognizes the potential impact of quantum computing on cybersecurity. Recent research published in Nature suggests that quantum computers could eventually break current encryption methods, posing a significant threat to data security.{{Cite web |title=Will Microsoft's 'Majorana 1' Chip Hasten the Quantum Arms Race? |url=https://www.informationweek.com/cyber-resilience/will-microsoft-s-majorana-1-chip-hasten-the-quantum-arms-race- |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=InformationWeek}} To address this challenge, Microsoft is actively involved in developing quantum-resistant encryption methods to protect sensitive data in the future.

In collaboration with DARPA, Microsoft is working towards building a fault-tolerant prototype based on topological qubits. This partnership aims to accelerate the development of practical quantum computers that can be deployed in real-world settings.{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Claims Quantum Breakthrough with Majorana 1 but Experts Aren't Convinced |url=https://www.ctol.digital/news/microsoft-quantum-breakthrough-majorana-1-expert-skepticism/ |access-date=2025-02-19}}

The announcement of Majorana 1 has generated significant excitement and skepticism within the scientific community. Some experts have praised Microsoft's achievement as a major step towards fault-tolerant quantum computing, while others remain cautious and emphasize the need for further experimental validation. The debate centers on the definitive confirmation of Majorana zero modes and the scalability of the technology.

• Quantum computing
• Topological quantum field theory
• Majorana fermion
• Quantum error correction

{{Microsoft}}

Disclaimer777cc (talk) 07:17, 20 February 2025 (UTC)

Hello, Disclaimer777cc

Welcome to Wikipedia! I edit here too, under the username Klbrain, and I thank you for your contributions.

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Klbrain (talk) 11:26, 14 March 2025 (UTC)

File:Stop hand nuvola.svg This is your only warning; if you violate Wikipedia's biographies of living persons policy by inserting unsourced or poorly sourced defamatory content into an article or any other Wikipedia page again, as you did at :Imane Khelif, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. M.Bitton (talk) 03:52, 3 June 2025 (UTC)

File:Commons-emblem-notice.svg You have recently made edits related to articles about living or recently deceased people, and edits relating to the subject (living or recently deceased) of such biographical articles. This is a standard message to inform you that articles about living or recently deceased people, and edits relating to the subject (living or recently deceased) of such biographical articles is a designated contentious topic. This message does not imply that there are any issues with your editing. For more information about the contentious topics system, please see Wikipedia:Contentious topics. TarnishedPath^talk 16:34, 3 June 2025 (UTC)