VMFA-323

VMF-323 was commissioned 1 August 1943, at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.{{sfn|Rottman|2002|pp=443}} According to oral history, the squadron got its name from three fighter pilots who killed a {{convert|6|ft|m|adj=on}} rattlesnake and hung its skin in the squadron's ready room. VMF-323 began training in F4U Corsairs almost immediately for combat in the Pacific theater of World War II. On 16 December 1943, the squadron received orders to prepare to move to the west coast of the United States beginning the first week of January 1944.{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AWS-4_-_19431216_-_Movement_Order_to_West_Coast.pdf |title=3d Marine Aircraft Wing Operations Order 8-43 |author= |date=16 December 1943 |publisher=United States Marine Corps |access-date=13 August 2020 }} Much of the new squadron's training was done at Marine Corps Air Station El Centro and Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton, California. In July 1944, the Death Rattlers departed for the Pacific aboard {{USS|Long Island|CVE-1|6}}. For the next nine months, VMF-323 flew training missions from secure island bases in the South Pacific.

File:FG-1D Corsairs of VMF-323 over Okinawa 1945.jpeg

On 9 April 1945, 24 aircraft from the Death Rattlers launched from the {{USS|White Plains|CVE-66}} and flew into Kadena airfield in support of Operation Iceberg during the Battle of Okinawa. Combat operations commenced the following day. Between then and the Japanese surrender in August, the Death Rattlers racked up 124 Japanese planes shot down without a single loss. The highest total of any squadron during the battle. Twelve Death Rattlers became aces.{{sfn|Sherrod|1952|pp=431}}{{cite journal |last1=Camp |first1=Dick |date=2021 |title=Tactical Air Force, Tenth Army |url= |journal=Marine Corps Aviation Association Journal |volume= |issue= |pages=81|doi= |access-date=}}

After the war, the Death Rattlers were based at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, where they conducted training exercises. It was around this time that the squadron appeared in the 1949 movie Sands of Iwo Jima.

When the Korean War began in 1950, VMF-323 began combat operations from {{USS|Badoeng Strait|CVE-116|6}} as part of Marine Aircraft Group 33 (MAG-33), supporting ground forces in the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, Battle of Inchon, Battle of Chosin Reservoir and almost every other major campaign of the conflict. During action near Kosong, on 11 August 1950, a VMF-323 Corsair pilot, Captain Vivian M. Moses, became the first Marine aviator killed in Korea.{{cite web

| url = http://www.koreanwar-educator.org/topics/branch_accounts/marine/p_marine_air_pusan_perimeter.htm

| title = Marine Air Over the Pusan Perimeter

| publisher = The Marine Corps Gazette

| access-date = 2008-12-10}} Around January 1951, VMF-323 performed their likely last combat operations from the {{USS|Badoeng Strait|CVE-116|6}} and moved with MAG-33 to Bofu Airbase in Honshu Japan. Shortly afterward in Feb 1951 VMF-323 was rebased to the K-1 airfield near Pusan. Conditions at K-1 were reportedly harsh, as the squadron was living in tents, had no furniture, and was eating K-Rations in freezing weather.{{cite web | title=VMF323 VMA323 AU1 Corsair | website=home.inreach.com | date=1999-10-11 | url=http://home.inreach.com/tc/page5.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026012006/http://home.inreach.com/tc/page5.html | archive-date=2015-10-26 | url-status=dead | access-date=2022-12-28}} In March, the squadron was transferred officially to Marine Aircraft Group 12 (MAG-12). From 20 April onward the difficult non-hard-surface runway at the K-16 airfield near Seoul was used as a forward operating base for rearming and refueling, while K-1 was used for repair and scheduled maintenance. In June 1951, VMF-323 moved briefly to Itami Air Base in Osaka Japan, and then embarked on the {{USS|Sicily|CVE-118|6}}. The squadron replaced its F4U-4Bs with the F4U-4 when it went aboard.{{cite book | last=Pitzl | first=G.R. | title=A History of Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 323: By Gerald R. Pitzl | publisher=History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps | series=Marine Corps squadron histories series | year=1987 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tz5IulgoktQC | access-date=2022-12-28 | page=18}} Combat operations were flown off the Sicily for a few months. On 20 Sep, the Death Rattlers left the Sicily for Itami, changed back to F4U-4Bs, and rebased again to K-1. On 30 Oct 1951 the squadron was rebased to the K-18 near Kangnung, and on 21 April 1952, rebased to K-6 near Pyeongtaek. The unit also took part in the attack on the Sui-ho Dam in June 1952.

File:F4U-4s of VMF-323 on USS Sicily (CVE-118) 1951.jpg

File:FJ-4B-VMF-323 MCAS El Toro NAN3-58.jpg

The squadron was re-designated Marine Attack Squadron 323 (VMA-323) in June, 1952. Around this time the 24 aircraft complement was changed to include approximately half F4U-4Bs and half of the more heavily armored ground attack focused AU-1s. The Death Rattlers left Korea in July 1953. VMA-323 was the Marine fixed-wing attack squadron with the longest overseas service during the Korean War, accumulating a total of 48,677 hours of flight time since their August 1950 arrival in Korea. In total, 16 Death Rattlers were Killed In Action (the same number of losses as in WWII) and 4 became POWs.

Once back home, the squadron began flying the F9F Panther and then the F9F Cougar, a swept-wing version of the Panther. In 1956 the squadron adopted the FJ-4 Fury, with which it deployed to the western Pacific in 1957.{{cite web| url =http://www.mojave.ca.us/museum/mcas-squadrons.htm| title =The Mojave Virtual Museum - The "Mojave Marines": Life at MCAAS Mojave| publisher =Mojave Transportation Museum| access-date =2008-06-25| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071103164125/http://mojave.ca.us/museum/mcas-squadrons.htm| archive-date =2007-11-03| url-status =dead}} That year, the Death Rattlers flew armed patrols over the Quemoy and Matsu islands to support Chinese nationalist forces.

The squadron was reestablished at MCAS El Toro and received its first F8U Crusaders in the summer of 1958. it trained in 1958 and 1959 was then assigned to {{USS|Oriskany|CV-34|6}}.

In 1964, the squadron returned to MCAS Cherry Point, where they received their present designation of Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 323 (VMFA-323). This same year, the Death Rattlers began flying the F-4 Phantom II. During the Dominican Crisis in 1965, the Death Rattlers provided air cover while American citizens were evacuated.

As the United States grew closer to war in South Vietnam, the Death Rattlers deployed to Da Nang Air Base beginning on 25 October 1965. Combat operations started the day after they arrived. The squadron lost its first aircraft a week after they arrived when the squadron's executive officer was shot down by a surface-to-air missile over North Vietnam. It was the only Marine F-4 felled by a SAM during the war.{{sfn|Davies|2000|pp=88}} The squadron remained in Vietnam until 1969, flying combat sorties from Da Nang and Chu Lai.

File:F-4Ns VMFA-323 CV-43 1979-80.jpg

File:FA-18C of VMFA-323 and EA-18G of VAQ-142 aboard USS Nimitz (CVN-68) on 21 August 2017 (170821-N-UD618-037).JPG

The squadron embarked on its only aircraft carrier cruise in the F-4 Phantom in November 1979 aboard {{USS|Coral Sea|CV-43|6}}. After liberty stops in, Korea, Thailand, and Singapore, Coral Sea arrived in the Arabian Sea in January 1980 flying protection caps for Coral Sea and {{USS|Nimitz}}. On 24 April 1980, VMFA-323 was prepared to fly combat missions into southern Iran in support of US hostages rescue attempt Operation Eagle Claw with the mission to shoot down any Iranian combat aircraft that attempted to take off. When Operation Eagle Claw failed, VMFA-323 F-4s flew missions around the clock until all US support ships had exited the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The squadron was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for its service. The squadron arrived back at Subic Bay, RP after 102 straight days at sea.

On 14 September 1982, VMFA-323 transitioned to its current aircraft, the F/A-18 Hornet. In October 1985, the squadron deployed again aboard Coral Sea, this time to the Mediterranean Sea. In spring of 1986 during freedom of navigation exercises held in international waters and airspace off the coast of Libya. On 15 April 1986, the squadron provided SAM suppression and fighter Combat Air Patrol (CAP) sorties during Operation El Dorado Canyon.

In 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2001 the Death Rattlers flew missions in support of Operation Southern Watch.

On 2 November 2002, VMFA-323 deployed aboard {{USS|Constellation|CV-64|6}} as part of CVW-2 to conduct Operation Southern Watch. While on this deployment, the Death Rattlers transitioned from Operation Southern Watch to Operation Iraqi Freedom conducting sorties into Baghdad on the first night of the war.

On 2 May 2005, two F/A-18C Hornet fighter jets from VMFA-323, BuNo 164721 and BuNo 164732, collided over south-central Iraq, during a sortie from {{USS|Carl Vinson|CVN-70|6}}, killing the executive officer and a junior officer.{{cite news

|url = http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=18211

|title = Second Pilot Identified in F/A-18 Crash

|publisher = United States Navy

|date = 2007-05-05

|access-date = 2007-12-10

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080201012711/http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=18211

|archive-date = 2008-02-01

|url-status = dead

}}

With the deactivation of VMFAT-101 on 1 October 2023, the Death Rattlers took over the training responsibilities with a Fleet Replacement detachment for until FY2027.{{cite web | url=http://gonavy.jp/usmc00a.html | title=VMFA }}

In accordance with the 2025 Aviation Plan, VMFA-323 is to begin transitioning to the F-35C Lightning II in FY2029 and complete the transition no later than FY2030.http://gonavy.jp/usmc00a.html

• An F-4N Phantom painted with VMFA-323 squadron markings can be seen on the flight deck of the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum.[http://aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu/museums/ny/isasm/150628.htm Exhibit: 150628 - McDonnell-Douglas F-4N Phantom II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614220338/http://aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu/museums/ny/isasm/150628.htm |date=2006-06-14 }} AeroWeb: The Aviation Enthusiast Corner
• Jerry Coleman, then second baseman for the New York Yankees, flew with VMA-323 during the Korean War.Condon Corsair to Panthers, p. 41.

• List of active United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons
• United States Marine Corps Aviation
• CVW-17

:{{Marine Corps}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

• Chapin, John C. Fire Brigade: U.S. Marines in the Pusan Perimeter. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center, 2000.
• {{cite book |last=Davies |first=Peter E. |title=Gray Ghosts - U.S. Navy and Marine Corps F-4 Phantoms |year=2000 |publisher=Schiffer Publishing |location=Atglen, Pennsylvania |isbn=0-7643-1021-6}}
• Pitzl, Gerald R. A History of Marine fighter Attack Squadron 323. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center, 1987.
• {{cite book

| last = Rottman

| first = Gordon L.

| title = U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle – Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War

| publisher = Greenwood Press

| year = 2002

| location = Westport, Connecticut

| isbn = 0313319065

}}

• {{cite book

|last = Sherrod

|first = Robert

|year = 1952

|title = History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II

|url = https://archive.org/details/historyofmarinec00sher

|url-access = registration

|publisher = Combat Forces Press

|location = Washington, D.C.

|isbn = 0-89201-048-7

}}

• Wolf, William. Death Rattlers: Marine Squadron VMF-323 over Okinawa. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 1999. {{ISBN|0-7643-0953-6}}.

{{Refend}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{Official website|http://www.3rdmaw.marines.mil/Units/MAG11/VMFA323.aspx}}
• [http://home.inreach.com/tc/ 323 Death Rattlers]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20040910122921/http://www.history.navy.mil/nan/backissues/2000s/2003/ja03/rattlers.pdf VMFA: Death Rattlers Afloat] - Naval Aviation News (July–August 2003)

{{Refend}}

• [http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/VHP,5559 Oral history interview with Alfred Palombizio, a member of the "Death Rattlers" during World War II] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121212035427/http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/VHP,5559 |date=2012-12-12 }} from the Veterans History Project at Central Connecticut State University
• [https://books.google.com/books?id=tz5IulgoktQC A History of Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 323: By Gerald R. Pitzl, 1987]

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Category:Fighter attack squadrons of the United States Marine Corps

FS0323

1980’s to 2000’s VMFA 323 was awarded a Meritorious Unit Citation. Not a Presidential Unit Citation for APRIL 24-25 1980 Iranian Hostage Rescue