Valery Rubakov

Rubakov studied physics at Moscow State University, graduating in 1978. He subsequently began doctoral work at the INR, completing his thesis in 1981.{{cite web | title=Rubakov, Valerii A. – Profile | website=INSPIRE-HEP | url=https://inspirehep.net/author/profile/V.A.Rubakov.1 | access-date=25 September 2018}}

Rubakov was among the best known of contemporary Russian physical theorists, notable for his studies of the cosmological effects of gauge interactions and for the development of novel ideas of space-time and gravity.

Rubakov first came to prominence for monopole catalysis of proton decay, a remarkable insight on contemporary field theory.{{cite journal| title=Superheavy Magnetic Monopoles and Proton Decay| last=Rubakov| first=V. A.| year=1981| journal=JETP Letters| volume=33| issue=12| pages=644–646}} 't Hooft and Polyakov had shown that some Grand Unified Theories predict the existence of massive magnetic monopoles. Rubakov pointed out such a monopole would induce proton decay, leaving an observable footprint in the form of electron neutrinos. The phenomenon was independently suggested by Curtis Callan and has become known as the Callan–Rubakov effect.{{cite journal | last=Callan | first=Curtis G. | title=Monopole catalysis of baryon decay | journal=Nuclear Physics B | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=212 | issue=3 | year=1983 | issn=0550-3213 | doi=10.1016/0550-3213(83)90677-6 | pages=391–400| bibcode=1983NuPhB.212..391C }}

Together with Mikhail Shaposhnikov, Rubakov was one of the first to model spacetime and gravity using ideas from brane cosmology.{{cite journal | last1=Rubakov | first1=V. A. | last2=Shaposhnikov | first2=M. E. | title=Do we live inside a domain wall? | journal=Physics Letters B | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=125 | issue=2–3 | year=1983 | issn=0370-2693 | doi=10.1016/0370-2693(83)91253-4 | pages=136–138| bibcode=1983PhLB..125..136R }} Rubakov and Shaposhnikov conjectured that we live on a four-dimensional brane embedded in a higher-dimensional universe. Ordinary particles are confined in a potential well which is narrow along the additional dimensions, thereby localizing matter to the brane.

Rubakov's paper with Shaposhnikov and Vadim Kuzmin on the effect of electroweak non-conservation of baryon and lepton numbers at high temperatures is considered fundamental to modern theory about the early universe.{{cite journal |author1=V. A. Kuzmin |author2=V. A. Rubakov |author3=M. E. Shaposhnikov | title = On anomalous electroweak baryon-number non-conservation in the early universe | journal = Physics Letters B | volume = 155 | date = 16 May 1985| issue = 1–2| pages = 36–42| doi= 10.1016/0370-2693(85)91028-7|bibcode = 1985PhLB..155...36K }}

Rubakov was the author of a well-regarded textbook on field theory.{{sfn|Rubakov|2002}}

He served as a member of the CERN Scientific Policy Committee from 2014 to 2019 and the ICTP Scientific Council from 2010 to 2020.

Rubakov was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1998. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2015.{{cite web| url=https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/classlist2015.pdf| publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences| title=Newly elected members, April 2015| access-date=23 September 2018}}

In 1999 the Russian Academy of Sciences awarded Rubakov and Kuzmin the Friedmann Prize "for a series of works on the formation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe".{{cite web | title=Премия имени А.А. Фридмана| trans-title=A. A. Friedmann Prize| website=Russian Academy of Sciences| url=http://www.ras.ru/win/db/award_dsc.asp?P=id-78.ln-ru| language=ru| access-date=25 September 2018| quote=За серию работ "Образование барионной ассиметрии Вселенной"}} He received the 2003 ITEP Pomeranchuk Prize "for pioneering contribution [sic] to developing and novel application of nonperturbative methods in field theory".{{cite web| title=Pomeranchuk prize winners 2003| website=ITEP| url=http://www.itep.ru/science/pomeranshuk/detail.php?ID=508 | access-date=24 September 2018}}{{cite journal| url=https://cerncourier.com/faces-and-places-54/| journal=CERN Courier| volume=44| title=Dyson and Rubakov share the Pomeranchuk Prize for 2003| issue=1| page=44| year=2004| access-date=25 September 2018| archive-date=25 September 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180511/https://cerncourier.com/faces-and-places-54/| url-status=dead}} In 2005 he was awarded the INR Markov Prize for fundamental physics with {{ill|Mikhael Shaposhnikov|de|Шапошников, Михаил Евгеньевич|ru|Michail Jewgenjewitsch Schaposchnikow}}.{{cite web| title=INR Markov Prize| website=Institute for Nuclear Research| url=https://www.inr.ac.ru/a/i/6441e.htm| access-date=25 September 2018}}{{cite journal| url=https://cerncourier.com/faces-and-places-70/| title=Rubakov and Shaposhnikov win INR prize for fundamental physics| journal=CERN Courier| volume=45| issue=7| page=43| year=2005| access-date=24 September 2018| archive-date=25 September 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180613/https://cerncourier.com/faces-and-places-70/| url-status=dead}} In 2008 he won the J. Hans D. Jensen Prize of the University of Heidelberg,{{cite web| website=Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University of Heidelberg| title=Jensen Professoren| language=de| trans-title=Jensen Professors| url=https://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php?lang=e&n1=people&n2=jensen| access-date=23 September 2018}} and the Bruno Pontecorvo Prize "for his essential contributions to the study of close interrelation among particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology, and to the elaboration of a fundamentally new theory of physical space".{{cite web| url=http://www1.jinr.ru/Reports/2008/english/01c_priz_e.pdf| title=Prizes and Grants| year=2008| publisher=JINR| access-date=21 September 2018}} In 2010 he received the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Julius Wess Prize.{{cite web| title=Julius Wess-Preis – 2010| trans-title=Julius Wess Prize 2010| website=Karlsruhe Institute of Technology| date=14 December 2010| url=https://www.kceta.kit.edu/julius-wess-preis-2010.php| language=de| access-date=25 September 2018}} The award was presented as part of a celebration of 50 years of teaching and research in particle physics at Karlsruhe, at which Rubakov gave a lecture entitled "Towards understanding the origin of inhomogeneities in the Universe" .{{sfn|Rubakov|2010}} In 2016 Rubakov was awarded the Demidov Prize "for fundamental theoretical contributions to the foundations of physics: quantum field theory, elementary particle physics, gravity, the theory of the early universe".{{cite web| title=Презентация новых лауреатов Демидовской премии 2016 года| trans-title=Presentation of the 2016 Demidov Prize laureates| website=Russian Academy of Sciences| url=http://www.ras.ru/photo_archive/private/multimedia/2016/2016-7.aspx| language=ru| access-date=25 September 2018| quote=за основополагающий теоретический вклад в фундаментальные направления физики: квантовую теорию поля, физику элементарных частиц, гравитацию, теорию ранней Вселенной}} In 2020 he received the Hamburg Prize for Theoretical Physics,{{Cite web |title=Hamburg Prize for Theoretical Physics – Home |url=https://www.joachim-herz-stiftung.de/en/what-we-do/projects-for-understanding-science/international-research/hamburg-prize-for-theoretical-physics-1/#tab-2931 |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=www.joachim-herz-stiftung.de |language=en-GB |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615134559/https://www.joachim-herz-stiftung.de/en/what-we-do/projects-for-understanding-science/international-research/hamburg-prize-for-theoretical-physics-1/#tab-2931 |url-status=dead }} worth €137.036.{{Cite web|title=Hamburg Prize for Theoretical Physics – Home|url=https://www.joachim-herz-stiftung.de/en/what-we-do/projects-for-understanding-science/international-research/hamburg-prize-for-theoretical-physics-1/|access-date=15 June 2020|website=www.joachim-herz-stiftung.de|language=en-GB|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615134559/https://www.joachim-herz-stiftung.de/en/what-we-do/projects-for-understanding-science/international-research/hamburg-prize-for-theoretical-physics-1/|url-status=dead}}

In February 2022, Rubakov signed an open letter by Russian scientists condemning the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.{{cite web |url=https://t-invariant.org/2022/02/we-are-against-war/ |title=Открытое письмо российских учёных и научных журналистов против войны с Украиной |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=2 April 2022 |language=ru |trans-title=An open letter from Russian scientists and scientific journalist against the war in Ukraine}}

Rubakov died on 18 October 2022, at age 67, following complications from COVID-19 that he had contracted in September. He had been in Sarov at the time of his death, lecturing.{{cite news |last1=Roscoe |first1=Matthew |title=Russian Academy of Sciences theoretical physicist Valery Rubakov dies suddenly aged 68 following "Covid complications" |url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2022/10/19/russian-academy-of-sciences-physicist-valery-rubakov-dies-suddenly-covid-complications/ |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Euro Weekly News |date=19 October 2022}}

• {{cite book| last=Rubakov| first=V. A.| title=Classical theory of gauge fields| publisher=Princeton University Press| location=Princeton, N.J.| year=2002| isbn=978-0-691-05927-3| oclc=52243621}} {{cite book|title=2009 pbk edition| isbn=978-1400825097 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BxjL6EkIpfUC| last1=Rubakov | first1=Valery | date=9 February 2009 | publisher=Princeton University Press }}
• {{cite web| url=https://www.kceta.kit.edu/downloads/downloads-geschuetzt/karlsruhe-2010(1).pdf| title=Towards understanding the origin of inhomogeneities in the universe| date=14 December 2010| last=Rubakov| first=V. A.| access-date=25 September 2018| archive-date=25 September 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925215837/https://www.kceta.kit.edu/downloads/downloads-geschuetzt/karlsruhe-2010(1).pdf| url-status=dead}}
• {{cite book |last1=Rubakov |first1=V. A. |last2=Gorbunov |first2=D. S. |title=Introduction to the Theory of the Early Universe: Hot Big Bang Theory| publisher=World Scientific Publishing Company| year = 2011 | isbn=978-9814343978 }} {{cite book|title=2017 2nd edition| date=29 June 2017 | publisher=World Scientific | isbn=9789813220058 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gQrDwAAQBAJ}}
• {{cite book |last1=Rubakov |first1=V. A. |last2=Gorbunov |first2=D. S. |title=Introduction to the Theory of the Early Universe: Cosmological Perturbations and Inflationary Theory| publisher=World Scientific Publishing Company| year = 2011 | isbn=978-9814343787 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RprFCgAAQBAJ}}{{cite journal|last1=Quenby|first1=John|title=Review of Introduction to the Theory of the Early Universe: Cosmological Perturbations and Inflation Theory, by Dimitry S. Gorbunov and Valery A. Rubakov|journal=Contemporary Physics|volume=53|issue=4|year=2012|pages=361–362|issn=0010-7514|doi=10.1080/00107514.2012.699465|s2cid=118390591}}

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Category:1956 births

Category:2022 deaths

Category:20th-century Russian physicists

Category:21st-century Russian physicists

Category:Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences

Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia

Category:Demidov Prize laureates

Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Category:Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Category:Moscow State University alumni

Category:Scientists from Moscow

Category:People associated with CERN

Category:Soviet physicists