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Verbenaceae 

{{Short description|Family of flowering plants comprising vervains}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Lantana.jpg

|image_caption = Flowers, fruit and leaves (on the right) of a Lantana cultivar

|taxon = Verbenaceae

|authority = J.St.-Hil.

|synonyms =

  • Durantaceae J.Agardh
  • Petreaceae J.Agardh

|synonyms_ref =

}}

The Verbenaceae ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|v|ɜːr|b|ə|ˈ|n|eɪ|s|i|.|iː}} {{respell|VUR|bə|NAY|see|ee}}), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

  • Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring
  • Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens

Taxonomy

File:Duranta repens (Golden Dew Drops) W IMG 9162.jpg)]]

File:Phyla nodiflora (Frog fruit) W IMG 9874.jpg)]]

File:Glandularia pulchella in Kadavoor.jpg in Kerala]]

Tribes and genera in the family and their estimated species numbers:

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

Casselieae (Schauer) Tronc.

Citharexyleae Briq.

Duranteae Bent.

Lantaneae Endl.

Neospartoneae Olmstead & N.O'Leary

Petreeae Briq.

  • Petrea L. (sandpaper vines) - 12 species

Priveae Briq.

Verbeneae Dumort.

Unassigned

{{div col end}}

= Excluded genera =

Various genera formerly included in the family Verbenaceae are now treated under other families:{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnothlist.pl?1176 | title = GRIN genera sometimes placed in Verbenaceae | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network | publisher = United States Department of Agriculture | access-date = 2011-10-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041118071912/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnothlist.pl?1176 | archive-date = 2004-11-18 | url-status = dead }}

;Moved to Acanthaceae:

;Moved to Lamiaceae:

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

{{div col end}}

;Moved to Oleaceae:

;Moved to Orobanchaceae:

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

{{div col end}}

;Moved to Phrymaceae:

;Moved to Stilbaceae:

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

{{div col end}}

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?1176 | title = Family: Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network | publisher = United States Department of Agriculture | date = 2007-04-12 | access-date = 2011-10-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120915112356/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?1176 | archive-date = 2012-09-15 | url-status = dead }}

{{cite book|last=Stevens|first=P. F.|url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/|title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|chapter=Verbenaceae|chapter-url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APWeb/orders/Lamialesweb.htm#Verbenaceae|date=July 12, 2012|access-date=September 24, 2013}}

Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In Harley, R.M. & Reynolds, T. (eds) Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

{{cite web|url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm#Lamiales|title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Lamiales | publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden|access-date=September 24, 2013}}

{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjc5ZYWtkNAC |title=Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees: With Names in Latin, English, French, Spanish and Other Languages |first=Miroslav M. |last=Grandtner |volume=1 |publisher=Elsevier |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-444-51784-5 |page=88}}

{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wzmo7cHvhZkC |first=Gil |last=Nelson |title=The Trees of Florida: a Reference and Field Guide |publisher=Pineapple Press |isbn=978-1-56164-055-3 |year=1994 |page=52}}

{{cite journal|author=Cardoso PH, O'Leary N, Olmstead RG, Moroni P, Thode VA|year=2021|title=An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species number|journal=Plant Ecology and Evolution|volume=154|issue=1|pages=80–86|doi=10.5091/plecevo.2021.1821|doi-access=free|hdl=10183/267831|hdl-access=free}}

{{cite journal|author=Marx H, O’Leary N, Yuan Y, Lu-Irving P, Tank DC, Múlgura ME, Olmstead, RG|year=2010|title=A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume=97|issue=10|pages=1647–1663|doi=10.3732/ajb.1000144|pmid=21616800 |doi-access=free|hdl=11336/68550|hdl-access=free}}

}}

External links

  • {{Commons category-inline}}
  • {{Wikispecies-inline}}
  • [http://greif.uni-greifswald.de/floragreif/?fam=Verbenaceae&gen=&spec=&flora_search=taxon Verbenaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234134/http://greif.uni-greifswald.de/floragreif/?fam=Verbenaceae&gen=&spec=&flora_search=taxon |date=2016-03-03 }}.
  • [https://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermFolder/VERB.html Verbenaceae] in [https://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/ BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database]

{{Angiosperm families}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q156960}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Lamiales families