Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals

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{{Infobox Treaty

|name = Convention on Road Signs

|long_name =

|image = Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals.svg

|image_alt = A map showing all the countries of the world, and their signatory status to the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals

|image_width = 300px

|caption = Signatories and ratifications as of April 2023
{{legend|#ffbe28|Signed}} {{legend|#009664|Ratified}} {{legend|#00dc6e|Accession / succession}} {{legend|#003c8c|Uses the SADC Convention}} {{legend|#c8141e|Uses the SICA Convention}}

|type =

|date_drafted =

|date_signed = 8 November 1968

|location_signed = Vienna

|date_sealed =

|date_effective = 6 June 1978

|condition_effective = Ratification by 15 states

|date_expiration =

|signatories = 35

|parties = 71

|depositor = UN Secretary-General

|language =

|languages = Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

|wikisource =

}}

File:The endpaper of the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals.jpg

The Convention on Road Signs and Signals, commonly known as the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, is a multilateral treaty to standardize the signing system for road traffic (road signs, traffic lights and road markings) in use internationally.

History

The Convention on Road Signs and Signals was agreed upon by the United Nations Economic and Social Council at its Conference on Road Traffic in Vienna 7 October to 8 November 1968, was concluded in Vienna on 8 November 1968, and entered into force on 6 June 1978. This conference also produced the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, which complements this legislation by standardising international traffic laws.

The convention revised and substantially extended the earlier 1949 Geneva Protocol on Road Signs and Signals,{{cite conference |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1952/03/19520326%2003-36%20PM/Ch_XI_B_1_2_3.pdf |title=Protocol on Road Signs and Signals |date=19 September 1949 |conference=United Nations Conference on Road and Motor Transport |volume=182 |series=United Nations Treaty Series |archive-url= |archive-date= |location=Geneva, Switzerland |language=en, fr |via=United Nations Treaty Collection}} itself based in turn on the 1931 Geneva Convention concerning the Unification of Road Signals. Amendments, including new provisions regarding the legibility of signs, priority at roundabouts, and new signs to improve safety in tunnels were adopted in 2003.

Both the Vienna Convention and the Geneva Protocol were formed according to consensus on road traffic signs that evolved primarily in 20th century continental Western Europe. In order to make it as universal as possible, the convention allows some variations, for example danger warning signs can be triangular or square diamond in shape and road markings can be white or yellow. Though most UN members have not ratified the full treaty, the signs and legal principles enshrined in it form the basis of traffic law in a majority of places.{{fact|date=December 2024}}

An alternative convention called the SADC-RTSM, provided by the Southern African Development Community (SADC), is used by ten countries in southern Africa. Many of the rules and principles of the SADC-RTSM are similar to those of the Vienna Convention.

In the United States, signs are based on the US Federal Highway Administration's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Signs in the MUTCD are often more text-oriented, though some signs do use pictograms as well. Canada and Australia have road signs based substantially on the MUTCD. In South America, Ireland, several Asian countries (Cambodia, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia) and New Zealand, road signage is influenced by both the Vienna Convention and MUTCD. In Central America, road signs are heavily influenced by MUTCD and based on the {{lang|es|Manual Centroamericano de Dispositivos Uniformes para el Control del Transito}}, a Central American Integration System (SICA) equivalent to the US MUTCD.{{cite web|url=https://irp.cdn-website.com/6813ed2d/files/uploaded/SIECA%202014.pdf|title=Manual Centroamericano de Dispositivos Uniformes para el Control del Transito 2014|publisher=SIECA|language=es|access-date=5 January 2024}}

In 2025, the Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety (WP.1) adopted a amendment proposal,{{cite web |title=ECE/TRANS/WP.1/191 |url=https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/ECE-TRANS-WP1-191e.pdf |access-date=15 May 2025}} which is supposed to replace the entire text of the Convention.{{cite web |title=C.N.172.2025.TREATIES-XI.B.20 |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2025/CN.172.2025-Eng.pdf |access-date=15 May 2025}}{{cite web |title=ECE/TRANS/WP.1/2023/2/Rev.2 |url=https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/ECE-TRANS-WP1-2023-2-Rev2e.pdf |access-date=15 May 2025}} It includes the abolishment of some signs and a new numbering scheme for all signs. The proposal will also affect the European Supplement Agreement{{cite web |title=C.N.173.2025.TREATIES-XI.B.24 |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2025/CN.173.2025-Eng.pdf |access-date=15 May 2025}}{{cite web |title=ECE/TRANS/WP.1/2023/3/Rev.1 |url=https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/ECE-TRANS-WP1-2023-3-Rev.1e.pdf |access-date=15 May 2025}} and the Protocol on Road Markings.{{cite web |title=C.N.174.2025.TREATIES-XI.B.25 |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2025/CN.174.2025-Eng.pdf |access-date=15 May 2025}}{{cite web |title=ECE/TRANS/WP.1/2023/4/Rev.1 |url=https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/ECE-TRANS-WP1-2023-4-Rev.1e.pdf |access-date=15 May 2025}}

Rules

= Road signs =

In article 2 the convention classes all road signs into a number of categories (A–H):

A: Danger warning signs
B: Priority signs
C: Prohibitory or restrictive signs
D: Mandatory signs
E: Special regulation signs
F: Information, facilities, or service signs
G: Direction, position, or indication sign
H: Additional panels

The convention then lays out precise colours, sizes, and shapes for each of these classes of sign:

colspan=7 \| Priority signs
class="wikitable" ! Class of sign !! Shape !! Ground !! Border !! Size !! Symbol !! Examples
rowspan=2 \| Danger warning sign	Equilateral triangle	White or yellow	Red	0.9 m (large), 0.6 m (small)	Varies; Black or dark blue	45px 45px
Diamond	Yellow	Black	0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small)	Varies; Black or dark blue	45px
Give Way sign	Inverted equilateral triangle	White or yellow	Red	0.9 m (large), 0.6 m (small)	None	45px 45px
rowspan=2 \| Stop sign	Octagon	Red	White	0.9 m (large), 0.6 m (small)	Stop^† written in white	45px
Circular	White or yellow	Red	0.9 m (large), 0.6 m (small)	Stop^† written in black or dark blue inside red inverted triangle	45px 45px
Priority road	Diamond	White	Black	0.5 m (large), 0.35 m (small)	Yellow or orange square	45px 45px
End of priority road	Diamond	White	Black	0.5 m (large), 0.35 m (small)	Yellow or orange square with black or grey diagonal lines crossing the sign	45px 45px
Priority for oncoming traffic	Circular	White or yellow	Red	Unspecified	Black arrow indicating direction with priority, red arrow indicating direction without	45px 45px
Priority over oncoming traffic	Rectangle	Blue	None	Unspecified	White arrow indicating direction with priority, red arrow indicating direction without	45px
colspan=7 \| Prohibitory signs
Standard prohibitory	Circular	White or yellow	Red	0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small)	Varies; black or dark blue	45px 45px
rowspan=2 \| Parking prohibited	Circular	Blue	Red	0.6 m (large), 0.2 m (small)	None	45px
Circular	White or yellow	Red	0.6 m (large), 0.2 m (small)	Initial letter or ideogram to denote parking; black or dark blue	45px 45px
Stopping prohibited	Circular	Blue	Red	0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small)	None	45px
End of prohibition	Circular	White or yellow	None	0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small)	Black or grey diagonal line	45px
colspan=7 \| Mandatory signs
rowspan=2 \| Standard mandatory	Circular	Blue	None, white	0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small), 0.3 m (very small)	Varies, white	45px
Circular	White or yellow	Red	0.6 m (large), 0.4 m (small), 0.3 m (very small)	Varies, black or dark blue	45px 45px
colspan=7 \| Special regulation signs
rowspan=2 \| All signs	rowspan=2 \| Rectangular	Blue	Unspecified	Unspecified	Varies, white	45px
Light	Unspecified	Unspecified	Varies, Black	45px
colspan=7 \| Information, facilities or service signs
All signs	Unspecified	Blue or green	Unspecified	Unspecified	Varies, on white or yellow rectangle	45px
colspan=7 \| Direction, position or indication signs
rowspan=2 \| Informative signs	rowspan=2 \| Rectangular, sometimes with arrowhead	Light	Unspecified	Unspecified	Varies, dark	45px
Dark	Unspecified	Unspecified	Varies, light	45px
Motorways	Rectangular	Blue or green	Unspecified	Unspecified	Varies, white	45px 45px
Temporary	Rectangular	Yellow or orange	Unspecified	Unspecified	Varies, black	45px
colspan=7 \| Additional panels
rowspan=2 \| All panels	rowspan=2 \| Unspecified	White, blue or yellow	Black, blue or red	Unspecified	Varies, black or dark blue	45px
Black, red or dark blue	White, blue or yellow	Unspecified	Varies, white, blue or yellow	45px
Class of sign	Shape	Ground	Border	Size	Symbol	Examples

^† May be written in English or the national language

It also specifies the symbols and pictograms which may be used, and the orientations in which they may be used. When more than one is available, the same one must be used nationally. All signs, except for those that do not apply at night, must be reflective enough to be seen in darkness with headlights from a distance.

= Road markings =

The convention also specifies road markings. All such markings must be less than {{val|6|u=mm}} high, with cat's eye reflectors no more than {{val|15|u=mm}} above the road surface. The road markings shall be white or yellow.{{cite book |title=Convention on Road Signs and Signals |date=8 November 1968 |location=Vienna |page=27 |language=en, fr, zh, ru, es |chapter=Article 29 |series=United Nations Treaty Series |volume=1091 |via=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1978/06/19780606%2000-35%20AM/CTC-xi-b-20-searchable.pdf}}

The length and width of markings varies according to purpose, although no exact figures for size are stated; roads in built up areas should use a broken line for lane division, while continuous lines must only be used in special cases, such as reduced visibility or narrowed carriageways.

All words painted on the road surface should be either of place names, or of words recognisable in most languages, such as "Stop" or "Taxi".

= Traffic lights =

The Convention specifies the colours for traffic lights and their meanings, and places and purposes lights may be used for, like so:

Type	Shape	colspan="2" \| Colour	Position	Meaning
class="wikitable"
rowspan=10 \| Non-flashing	rowspan=4 \| Plain \| style="min-width:32px;" \| 20px	style="background:#9f9;"\| Green	At intersection, entrance to tunnel or bridge	Proceed
20px	style="background:#ff9;"\| Amber	At intersection, level crossing, swing bridge, airport, fire station or ferry terminal	Stop if safe to do so
20px	style="background:#f33;"\| Red	At intersection	Stop
20px	style="background:linear-gradient(90deg, #f33, #f33 50%, #ff9 50%, #ff9);"\| Red and amber	At intersection	Signal is about to change (usually to green)
Arrow pointing left		style="background:#9f9;"\| Green	At intersection	Only traffic turning left may proceed
Arrow pointing right		style="background:#9f9;"\| Green	At intersection	Only traffic turning right may proceed
Arrow pointing upwards		style="background:#9f9;"\| Green	At intersection	Only traffic travelling straight ahead may proceed
Arrow pointing downwards	20px	style="background:#9f9;"\| Green	Above lane	Traffic may continue in lane
Cross (×)	20px	style="background:#f33;"\| Red	Above lane	Traffic may not enter lane (lane closed)
Arrow pointing diagonally downwards	20px	style="background:#ff9;"\| Amber or white	Above lane	Lane closes shortly ahead, change lane in the direction of the arrow
rowspan=4 \| Flashing	rowspan=4\| Plain \| 30px	style="background:#f33;"\| Double Red (alternating)	At level crossing, swing bridge, airport, fire station or ferry terminal	Stop
30px	style="background:#fff;"\| Lunar white	At crossing	Proceed
20px	style="background:#ff9;"\| Amber (flashing)	Anywhere except intersection	Proceed with caution
20px	style="background:#ff9;"\| Amber (flashing)	At intersection	The priority is determined by 20px Priority Route or 20px Yield signs or if none of the above regular right of way rule.

Red flashing lights may only be used at the locations specified above; any other use of the lights is in breach of the convention. Red lights must be placed on top when lights are stacked vertically, or on the side closest to oncoming traffic if stacked horizontally.

Contracting parties

The convention has 71 state parties and 35 signatories (including acceding members) as of October 2022: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chile, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Holy See, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Madagascar, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Venezuela and Vietnam.{{cite web |title=Chapter XI Transport and Communications - B. Road Traffic - 20. Convention on Road Signs and Signals |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-20&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en |website=United Nations Treaty Collection |publisher=United Nations |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810145402/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-20&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en |archive-date=10 August 2021 |date=16 January 2022}}

The only countries in Europe that are not parties to the convention are Andorra, Ireland, Iceland, Malta and Monaco.

Countries in Asia that are not parties to the convention are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, People's Republic of China (including Hong Kong and Macau), Republic of China (Taiwan), Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, North Korea, Oman, Palestine, Syria and Yemen. Cambodia, Laos, and South Korea are all signatories, but have yet to ratify the convention.

Other countries have not signed the convention; however, some have voluntarily adopted some Vienna convention signs.{{Cite web |author=AdcIdl |date=1 August 2024 |title=Road Traffic signs in Andorra |url=https://www.adcidl.com/pdf/Andorra-Road-Traffic-Signs.pdf }}

References

External links

[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-20&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en Ratifications] — UN Treaty Collection
[https://unece.org/road-traffic-and-road-signs-and-signals-agreements-and-conventions Road Traffic and Road Signs and Signals Agreements and Conventions] — United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Category:Rules of the road

Category:Traffic signs

Category:Traffic signals

Category:Traffic law

Category:Treaties concluded in 1968

Category:Treaties entered into force in 1978

Category:United Nations treaties

Category:Treaties of Albania

Category:Treaties of Armenia

Category:Treaties of Austria

Category:Treaties of Azerbaijan

Category:Treaties of Bahrain