Viral disease#Table
{{Short description|Animal or plant disease resulting from a viral infection}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{Infobox medical condition
| name = Viral disease
| image = Viral infections and involved species.svg
| caption = Types of viral diseases
| pronounce =
| field = Infectious disease
| synonyms = Viral infection
| symptoms =
| complications =
| onset =
| duration =
| types =
| causes = Virus
| risks =
| diagnosis =
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment =
| medication = Antiviral drugs
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}}
A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells.{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=M.P. |last2=Kobiler |first2=O. |last3=Enquist |first3=L. W. |year=2012 |title=Alphaherpesvirus axon-to-cell spread involves limited virion transmission |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |publisher=PNAS |volume=106 |issue=42 |pages=17046–17051 |bibcode=2012PNAS..10917046T |doi=10.1073/pnas.1212926109 |pmc=3479527 |pmid=23027939 |doi-access=free}}
Examples include the common cold, gastroenteritis, COVID-19, the flu, and rabies.see below in this article
Structural characteristics
File: Virus size.pngs of some of the most common human viruses with their relative size. Nucleic acids are not to scale. SARS stands for SARS-CoV-1 or COVID-19, variola viruses for smallpox.]]
Basic structural characteristics, such as genome type, virion shape and replication site, generally share the same features among virus species within the same family.{{cn|date=June 2021}}
- Double-stranded DNA families: three are non-enveloped (Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae) and two are enveloped (Herpesviridae and Poxviridae). All of the non-enveloped families have icosahedral capsids.
- Partly double-stranded DNA viruses: Hepadnaviridae. These viruses are enveloped.
- One family of single-stranded DNA viruses infects humans: Parvoviridae. These viruses are non-enveloped.
- Positive single-stranded RNA families: three non-enveloped (Astroviridae, Caliciviridae and Picornaviridae) and four enveloped (Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae and Togaviridae). All the non-enveloped families have icosahedral nucleocapsids.
- Negative single-stranded RNA families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae and Rhabdoviridae. All are enveloped with helical nucleocapsids.
- Double-stranded RNA genome: Reoviridae.
- The Hepatitis D virus has not yet been assigned to a family, but is clearly distinct from the other families infecting humans.
- Viruses known to infect humans that have not been associated with disease: the family Anelloviridae and the genus Dependovirus. Both of these taxa are non-enveloped single-stranded DNA viruses.
=Pragmatic rules=
Human-infecting virus families offer rules that may assist physicians and medical microbiologists/virologists.{{cn|date=June 2021}}
As a general rule, DNA viruses replicate within the cell nucleus while RNA viruses replicate within the cytoplasm. Exceptions are known to this rule: poxviruses replicate within the cytoplasm and orthomyxoviruses and hepatitis D virus (RNA viruses) replicate within the nucleus.{{cn|date=June 2021}}
- Segmented genomes: Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Arenaviridae, and Reoviridae (acronym BOAR). All are RNA viruses.
- Viruses transmitted almost exclusively by arthropods: Bunyavirus, Flavivirus, and Togavirus. Some Reoviruses are transmitted from arthropod vectors. All are RNA viruses.{{cite web|url=http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/arbo.htm|title=Arboviruses|last1=Hunt|first1=M.|publisher=University of South Carolina School of Medicine}}
- One family of enveloped viruses causes gastroenteritis (Coronaviridae). All other viruses associated with gastroenteritis are non-enveloped.
= Baltimore group =
This group of analysts defined multiple categories of virus. Groups:{{cn|date=June 2022}}
- I - dsDNA
- II - ssDNA
- III - dsRNA
- IV - positive-sense ssRNA
- V - negative-sense ssRNA
- VI - ssRNA-RT
- VII - dsDNA-RT
{{Anchor|Table}}
=Clinical characteristics=
The clinical characteristics of viruses may differ substantially among species within the same family:
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Medical resources
| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10 =
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID = D014777
}}
{{Viral systemic diseases}}
{{viral cutaneous conditions}}
{{Viruses}}
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Infectious disease}}
{{Portal bar|Viruses}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Virus Disease}}