Vistaprint

{{short description|Dutch company}}

{{For|printing on Windows Vista|Technical features new to Windows Vista#Print{{!}}Technical features new to Windows Vista}}

{{Advert|date=January 2020}}

{{Infobox company

| name = Vistaprint

| industry = E-commerce

| founder = Robert Keane

| hq_location = Venlo, Netherlands

| parent = Cimpress (1999 or 2000–present)

| key_people = Florian Baumgartner

| products = business cards, marketing materials, signs & posters, invitations & stationery, clothing & bags, digital market products, promotional products

| logo = Vistaprint logo.svg

| website = https://www.vistaprint.com

}}

Vistaprint is a global e-commerce company that produces physical and digital marketing products for small businesses. Vistaprint was one of the first businesses to offer its customers the capabilities of desktop publishing through the internet when it was launched in 1999. Vistaprint is wholly owned by Cimpress plc, a publicly traded company based in Ireland.{{cite news |last= Adams |first= Dan |date=17 November 2014 |title= Vistaprint parent to reorganize, expand systems |url= https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2014/11/17/renamed-vistaprint-parent-will-invest-millions-new-software-platform/igChLJccaEy9cv5HFrrsfJ/story.html |newspaper= The Boston Globe |access-date=8 May 2015}}

Business

The company is based in Venlo, Netherlands, and employs over 5,100 employees in its 13 offices and printing facilities.{{Cite news|url=https://www.vistaprint.com/about-us.aspx|title=Vistaprint About Us|publisher=Vistaprint}}{{Cite news|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/is?s=vprt|title=Vistaprint N.V. (VPRT) |publisher=Yahoo Finance}}

History

Robert Keane founded a company in Paris in 1995 called Bonne Impression, a direct marketer of desktop publishing software and pre-printed laser-printer-compatible specialty papers for printing brochures, stationery, and business cards, particularly for small businesses. In 1999, the company adopted an internet-based business model and changed its name to Vistaprint.{{cite news|title=How VistaPrint deals with this economy; Interview with Robert Keane, CEO|url=http://whattheythink.com/articles/37536-vistaprint-deals-with-economy-interview-with-robert/|access-date=10 January 2017|publisher=WhatTheyThink|date=5 December 2008}}{{cite web|last1=Mitra|first1=Sramana|title=From Startup To 500 Million Dollars: VistaPrint CEO Robert Keane (Part 1)|url=http://www.sramanamitra.com/2009/06/24/from-startup-to-500-million-vistaprint-ceo-robert-keane-part-1/|website=One Million By One Million|date=24 June 2009|access-date=10 January 2017}}

In September 2005, the company filed its initial public offering and began trading on the Nasdaq.{{cite news|title=VistaPrint raises $120M in IPO|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2005/09/26/daily80.html|access-date=10 January 2017|publisher=Boston Business Journal|date=30 September 2005}} It opened a European office in Barcelona, Spain, in September 2006,{{cite news|title=VistaPrint To Open European Marketing Office; Barcelona Office is Sixth for Company World-Wide|url=http://ir.vistaprint.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=188894&p=irol-newsArticle_print&ID=902732|access-date=10 January 2017|date=6 September 2006}} and in 2009 relocated to the Netherlands.{{cite news|title=CIMPRESS N.V. filed this Form DEF 14A on 06/30/2009|url=http://ir.cimpress.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=188894&p=irol-SECText&TEXT=aHR0cDovL2FwaS50ZW5rd2l6YXJkLmNvbS9maWxpbmcueG1sP2lwYWdlPTY0MDA0NTEmRFNFUT0xJlNFUT0xMyZTUURFU0M9U0VDVElPTl9QQUdFJmV4cD0mc3Vic2lkPTU3|access-date=10 January 2017|publisher=SEC|date=9 September 2009}}

In November 2014, the company announced it would reorganize; Vistaprint continued operating under the Vistaprint brand while the parent company rebranded to become Cimpress.{{cite web|title=Form 10-K|url=http://ir.cimpress.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=188894&p=irol-SECText&TEXT=aHR0cDovL2FwaS50ZW5rd2l6YXJkLmNvbS9maWxpbmcueG1sP2lwYWdlPTEwNDM3MzI1JkRTRVE9MCZTRVE9MCZTUURFU0M9U0VDVElPTl9FTlRJUkUmc3Vic2lkPTU3|website=Cimpress Investor Relations|publisher=Cimpress|access-date=10 January 2017}} As a result of the change, the company's ticker symbol was changed from VPRT to CMPR.{{cite news|title=Vistaprint (VPRT) Changes Name & Ticker to Cimpress (CMPR) - Analyst Blog|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/vistaprint-vprt-changes-name-ticker-to-cypress-cmpr-analyst-blog-cm415195|publisher=Nasdaq|date=18 November 2014}}

In November 2016, Cimpress announced that it would be opening a manufacturing facility in Reno, Nevada. The facility came to serve more than 20 brands, Vistaprint being one.{{Cite web|url=https://cimpress.com/cimpress-expands-its-mass-customization-facilities-into-reno-nevada/|title=Cimpress Expands Its Mass Customization Facilities Into Reno, Nevada|last=Wadsworth|date=7 November 2016|website=Cimpress|language=en-US|access-date=27 February 2019}}

In August 2018, Vistaprint announced that it would expand its presence in North America with a new facility in Dallas, Texas.{{Cite web |last=Hoopfer |first=Evan |date=13 August 2018 |title=Manufacturer formally announces $50M facility projected to bring 600 jobs to southern Dallas |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2018/08/13/manufacturer-formally-announces-50m-facility.html |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Dallas Business Journal}}{{Cite web |date=2018-06-05 |title=What's Project Apollo? It could create hundreds of new jobs in Dallas |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/business/jobs/2018/06/05/what-s-project-apollo-it-could-create-hundreds-of-new-jobs-in-dallas/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Dallas News |language=en}} This was to be the second manufacturing facility in the United States. Vistaprint planned to have manufacturing fully completed by 2023.{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180808005279/en/Vistaprint-Open-New-Manufacturing-Facility-Dallas-Texas|title=Vistaprint to Open New Manufacturing Facility in Dallas, Texas|date=8 August 2018|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en|access-date=27 February 2019}}

In October 2021, Vistaprint acquired Crello and its parent company, Depositphotos, for a total price of $85 million. After the acquisition, Crello was rebranded to VistaCreate.{{Cite web |last=Lunden |first=Ingrid |date=2021-10-27 |title=Vistaprint acquires Crello and Depositphotos, rebrands as Vista, to better take on Canva and others in online creative design for businesses |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/27/vistaprint-acquires-crello-and-depositphotos-rebrands-as-vista-to-better-take-on-canva-and-others-in-online-creative-design-for-businesses/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2021-11-01 |title=Vistaprint rebrands as Vista, acquires Crello and Depositphotos to cater to print, design and digital marketing needs of SMBs {{!}} Silicon Canals |url=https://siliconcanals.com/news/startups/vistaprint-rebrands-vista-acquires-startups/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last1=Canton |first1=Rafael |date=June 8, 2022 |title=How the Boston Celtics Are Helping Their Hometown Businesses |url=https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/the-boston-celtics-go-small-to-help-hometown-businesses-with-vistaprint/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=www.adweek.com |language=en-US}}

In January 2023, VistaPrint announced that Florian Baumgartner would succeed Robert Keane as CEO as of February 1, 2023.{{Cite web |last=Byard |first=Carrie |date=January 25, 2023 |title=Vista Appoints CEO Florian Baumgartner |url=https://news.vistaprint.com/vista-appoints-ceo-florian-baumgartner }}

Printing process

Orders are processed online and jobs are printed using a formula based on type of job, paper stock type, print run quantity, finishing (if any) and ship-by dates, among other factors.{{Cite news|url=http://www.piworld.com/story/story.bsp?sid=40524&var=story |title=Vistaprint — Small Orders Mean Big Business|publisher=Printing Impressions|date=November 1, 2008}}[http://www.graphicartsonline.com/article/CA635204.html Gang Run] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207174945/http://www.graphicartsonline.com/article/CA635204.html |date=December 7, 2008 }} User-selectable options are minimized, printing standard types of printed materials, such as business cards or postcards. Within each category, only specific sizes, paper stocks and ink colors are supported. This results in higher numbers of similar jobs which can be ganged together. Changeover time is reduced because there's less need to change paper or inks between jobs.{{cite web|url=http://www.piworld.com/story/story.bsp?sid=12428&var=story |title=Vistaprint - Web Masters |publisher=Piworld.com |date=2006-03-01 |access-date=2012-09-20}}

Self-service design, proofing and ordering are handled at the front-end through the web, with controlled printing, cutting, packing and dispatching handled at the back-end through printing plants.{{Cite news|url= http://www.piworld.com/story/story.bsp?sid=40524&var=story&publication=Printing%20Impressions&publicationDate=11/1/06&slug=11+VistaPrint&category=Print%20Production§ion=Unknown&swd=vistaprint|title=Vistaprint — Small Orders Mean Big Business|publisher=Printing Impressions|date=November 1, 2008}} Cimpress' process involves multiple software components, and the management of multiple production components, in an end-to-end production workflow from "click to ship".{{cite web|url=http://www.manroland.us/Company/News/archives_display.asp?ID=428 |title=Vistaprint Grows |publisher=Manroland.us |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222163919/http://www.manroland.us/Company/News/archives_display.asp?ID=428 |archive-date=2012-02-22 }} Vistaprint is vertically integrated with production facilities for North America in Windsor, Ontario,{{Cite web |url=http://careers.vistaprint.com/windsor_canada.html |title=At the Forefront of Innovation - Windsor, Canada |access-date=2008-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913173646/http://careers.vistaprint.com/windsor_canada.html |archive-date=2008-09-13 |url-status=dead }} and for Europe in Venlo, Netherlands.{{Cite web |url=http://careers.vistaprint.com/venio_netherlands.html |title=At the Forefront of Innovation - Venlo, the Netherlands |access-date=2008-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080809164342/http://careers.vistaprint.com/venio_netherlands.html |archive-date=2008-08-09 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.hcp.com/news/newsdetails.php/id/5482 |title=Vistaprint Announces Opening of North American Printing Plant |publisher=Hcp.com |date=2005-06-22 |access-date=2012-09-20}} The company uses presses such as the Manroland 700 as part of its printing assembly line.{{cite web |url=http://www.printweek.com/news/742237/MAN-Roland-700/ |title=MAN Roland 700 |publisher=Printweek.com |date=2007-10-04 |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218131824/http://www.printweek.com/news/742237/MAN-Roland-700/ |archive-date=2012-02-18 }}{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2004_Nov_9/ai_n6337506 |title=Vistaprint Closes $52 million Equity Financing |publisher=Findarticles.com |access-date=2012-09-20}}

Computer-integrated manufacturing techniques help minimize human intervention and labor costs.[http://careers.vistaprint.com/manufacturing.html Vistaprint - Manufacturing] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805220257/http://careers.vistaprint.com/manufacturing.html |date=2008-08-05 }} Using browser-based desktop publishing environment, customers design and proofread the job. Jobs are routed for printing without intervention. The printing is done in a single pass on automated, high-volume, large-format presses. Once printed, the products are cut down to size using a computerized robotic cutter, assembled, packaged and addressed using proprietary software-driven processes, and shipped to the customer.[http://www.printaction.com/default.php/online/interview_Paul_Tasker Interview: Paul Tasker] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513052250/http://www.printaction.com/default.php/online/interview_Paul_Tasker |date=May 13, 2008 }}

In a form of mass customization using as little as 60 seconds of production labor per order versus an hour or more for traditional printers, orders are printed faster and at lower costs than traditional printers. Their strategy is to target small-run orders usually excluded from conventional large printers.

Patents

One of the company's early hires was an in-house patent attorney.[http://ojaconsultores.com/Documents/PatentedPathToProfits_Forbes.pdf The Patented Path To Profits] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206235103/http://ojaconsultores.com/Documents/PatentedPathToProfits_Forbes.pdf |date=February 6, 2009 }} Vistaprint currently holds over 100 patents worldwide{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?tbm=pts&hl=en&q=inassignee:Vistaprint |title=Patents Held by Vistaprint |access-date=March 14, 2015}} and has stated its objective is to lay a "minefield of patents". Vistaprint actively pursues companies that happen to infringe on one of its many patents.{{cite web|url=http://www.printaction.com/default.php/magazine/july07_interview |title=An Empire of Portals |date=2008-05-07 |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507070132/http://www.printaction.com/default.php/magazine/july07_interview |archive-date=May 7, 2008 }}

In 2006, the company filed a patent infringement suit against Print24 GmbH and UnitedPrint.com AG. A German court ruled in favor of Vistaprint in July 2007.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/inPlayBriefing/idUSIN20070731101414VPRT20070731 |title=Vistaprint: German Court finds that print24 and unitedprint.com infringed Vistaprint patent |publisher=Reuters.com |date=2007-07-31 |access-date=2012-09-20}} However, after appealing, the German Federal Patent Court ruled in favour of Unitedprint.com, rescinding Vistaprint’s controversial software patent in March 2009.{{cite web|url=http://www.pr-inside.com/final-judgment-in-the-case-of-r1150874.htm |title=Final judgment in the case of Unitedprint v. Vistaprint |publisher=Pr-inside.com |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108054603/http://www.pr-inside.com/final-judgment-in-the-case-of-r1150874.htm |archive-date=2012-11-08 }}

Separately, in May 2007, Vistaprint filed a patent infringement suit against Taylor Corporation subsidiaries 123Print and DrawingBoard.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/inPlayBriefing/idUSIN20070515090452VPRT20070515 |title=Vistaprint files patent infringement suit against Taylor Subsidiaries 123Print and Drawing Board |publisher=Reuters.com |date=2007-05-15 |access-date=2012-09-20}}{{update inline|date=February 2021|reason=What was the outcome of those suits?}}

Partnerships

In 2007, a strategic partnership was announced with OfficeMax to provide an in-store station in up to 900 OfficeMax stores in the US and Mexico.{{Cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/20/technology/20ecom.html|title=Building a Brand Name, via Business Cards|work=The New York Times|date=August 20, 2007 | first=Bob | last=Tedeschi | access-date=May 27, 2010}}[http://www.eventvestor.com/evp_event.php?eid=128966]{{dead link|date=September 2012}} OfficeMax ImPress is an OfficeMax-branded web site for small business printing based on Vistaprint technologies. In 2008, Vistaprint announced a strategic partnership with Intuit, a supplier of accounting software, tying their service into Intuit's QuickBooks software using an Intuit-branded web site.{{Cite news| url=http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/jan2008/pi20080125_688720.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129083542/http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/jan2008/pi20080125_688720.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=January 29, 2008|title=VistaPrint Chases Away the Gloom|publisher=Business Week|date=January 25, 2008}} In 2009, the company also announced it will supply services for the FedEx Office brand.VistaPrint FY2009 Q3 Pre-Recorded Earnings Conference Call - Final Fair Disclosure Wire. Waltham: Apr 30, 2009 The company announced in 2012 that it had entered into a strategic partnership with Staples Inc.{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=conewsstory&tkr=7VP:GR&sid=aG8z6t14zUO0|title=Vistaprint Reports First Quarter Fiscal Year 2012 Financial Results |date=November 30, 2009 |publisher=Bloomberg.com}} Vistaprint is also the official jersey sponsor for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA).{{cite press release|last=George|first=Kyle|title=Vistaprint and the Celtics Announce New Multi-Year Partnership|url=https://www.nba.com/celtics/news/pressrelease/vistaprint-and-celtics-announce-new-multi-year-partnership|publisher=NBA Media Ventures, LLC|website=Celtics.com|date=November 17, 2020|access-date=December 22, 2023}} Vistaprint became Wrexham A.F.C.'s sleeve and back-of-shirt sponsor.{{Cite web |last=Henrys |first=Colin |date=July 26, 2022 |title=COMMERCIAL {{!}} VistaPrint becomes Wrexham AFC sleeve sponsor for men’s first-team alongside new multi-year partnership |url=https://www.wrexhamafc.co.uk/news/2022/july/commercial--vistaprint-becomes-wrexham-afc-sleeve-sponsor-for-mens-first-team-alongside-new-multi-year-partnership/ |access-date=December 27, 2023 |website=Wrexham A.F.C. |language=en-gb}}{{Cite web |last=Henrys |first=Colin |date=May 31, 2023 |title=COMMERCIAL {{!}} VistaPrint become back-of-shirt sponsors |url=https://www.wrexhamafc.co.uk/news/2023/may/commercial--vistaprint-become-back-of-shirt-sponsors/ |access-date=December 27, 2023 |website=Wrexham A.F.C. |language=en-gb}}

Controversies

=Rewards program=

In the US, Vistaprint was accused{{By whom|date=June 2021}} of enrolling customers into Vertrue's paid-membership reward plan without the customer's agreement. Credit card details were passed on to Vertrue (formerly Memberworks Incorporated) by Vistaprint, and charges were then made on those credit cards by Vertrue allegedly without the owner's consent. Numerous complaints were received by ConsumerAffairs.com{{cite web|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/online/vistaprint.html |title=974 Complaints and Reviews about Vistaprint |publisher=Consumeraffairs.com |access-date=2012-09-20}} and The Better Business Bureau by consumers objecting to these charges including the complaints of still being charged after canceling and that more than a year after cancelling membership, the charges began again.{{cite web |url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/scam_alerts/mwi.html |title=15 Complaints and Reviews about Vertrue, ex-MWI |publisher=Consumeraffairs.com |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904221916/http://www.consumeraffairs.com/scam_alerts/mwi.html |archive-date=2012-09-04 }}

Vistaprint's partnerships in the United Kingdom have attracted criticism.{{Cite news|last=Dibben|first=Margaret|url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2007/sep/23/2|title=Ski firm says I booked online - but I was only browsing|publisher=The Observer|date=2007-09-23 | location=London}}{{cite web|url=http://www.fsb.org.uk/data/default.asp?id=29&loc=080|title=Scamwatch - Small Business|publisher=Federation of Small Businesses|access-date=2008-05-15}} Critics{{Who|date=June 2021}} have stated that Vistaprint's customers are enrolled without their knowledge in a reward voucher operated by an associated company, VPrewards.com, at a cost of GB£9.95 a month, and that no information is provided to customers subsequently. Additionally, it is up to the customers to detect the fact that they have been enrolled as members and to cancel unwanted membership.{{Cite news|url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/online/vistaprint.html|title=Consumer complaints about Vistaprint.com|publisher=consumeraffairs.com|access-date=2008-05-23}}

In August 2008, four class-action lawsuits were filed against Vistaprint. The four complaints alleged that the defendants were in violation of the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (which protects from unauthorized charges) and the federal Electronic Communications and Privacy Act (which prohibits the unlawful access of financial information) for charging relatively small amounts from customers accounts "hoping that consumers just won't notice."{{Cite news|url=http://www.asicentral.com/asp/open/apps/news/industryNews.asp?id=2904|title=VistaPrint Named in Four Federal Class-Action Lawsuits |publisher=Advertising Specialty Institute |date=August 28, 2008}}

On November 30, 2009, the company announced that it had terminated its contract with an affiliate of Vertrue Inc., effective December 20, 2009, and that, it had ended all membership rewards or similar programs.{{Cite news|url=http://ir.vistaprint.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=188894&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1359716&highlight=Vistaprint|title=Vistaprint Terminates All Membership Program Offerings and Reaffirms Financial Guidance|date=November 30, 2009}}

=ASA investigations=

In 2011, following complaints from UK customers, the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) investigated pricing irregularities on Vistaprint's UK website and leaflet distributions.{{cite web|url= https://www.asa.org.uk/Rulings/Adjudications/2013/9/VistaPrint-Ltd/SHP_ADJ_232081.aspx |title=ASA Adjudication on VistaPrint Ltd - Advertising Standards Authority |publisher=Asa.org.uk |date=2011-02-23 |access-date=2012-09-20}} The ASA also upheld a complaint that Vistaprint was misleading customers in its £40 worth of printing for a £10 spend promotion.{{cite web|url=http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/1104321/ |title=Ad watchdog raps daily deals sites LivingSocial and kgb |publisher=Campaign |date=November 16, 2011 |access-date=2015-05-10 }}

=Discriminatory mix-ups=

In 2018, a recently married gay couple sued Vistaprint after they received anti-gay pamphlets, "Understanding Temptation: Fight the good fight of the faith", instead of the wedding programs they had ordered.{{cite web |title=Vistaprint apologizes after same-sex couple's wedding order contained hateful pamphlets |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/vistaprint-lawsuit-same-sex-couple-stephen-heasley-andrew-borg-satan-wedding-pamphlets/ |website=cbsnews |date=17 January 2018 |access-date=23 June 2020}} Vistaprint CEO, Trynka Shineman, said that the wedding programs and the flyers were printed at the same time, and that the wrong shipping label was put on the boxes by a third-party partner. Vistaprint resolved the matter with the couple and the lawsuit was dropped, with an apology to the couple and donations to LGBTQ organizations.{{cite web |last1=Corrigan |first1=John |title=Gay Couple Drops Suit Against Vistaprint |url=https://www.asicentral.com/news/newsletters/promogram/february-2018/gay-couple-drops-suit-against-vistaprint/ |website=Advertising Specialty Institute |date=8 February 2018 |access-date=23 June 2020}}

In June 2020, two fundraisers for Black Lives Matter found that their order for Black Lives Matter posters also came with All Lives Matter posters. In an interview with Buzzfeed News the customer said "this felt like very, very clear attempts to undermine our message and undermine the message we’re trying to put out". A Vistaprint representative said that an internal investigation "found that it was an error in the automated packaging process which combined two separate customer orders."{{cite web |last1=Baird |first1=Addy |title=Vistaprint Put "All Lives Matter" Posters In An Order For A Black Lives Matter Fundraiser |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/addybaird/vistaprint-all-lives-matter-posters |website=Buzzfeed News |date=23 June 2020 |access-date=23 June 2020}} In response, the customers said that they are skeptical of the explanation, especially since the LGBTQ incident in 2018 made this seem less like a one-off.

= Security Lapse =

In November 2019, security researcher Oliver Hough discovered an exposed database on the internet belonging to Vistaprint. The company quietly took the database offline after TechCrunch reached out to inform them about the discovery. Robert Crosland, a spokesperson for Vistaprint, said in a statement that the exposure affected customers in the US, the UK and Ireland.{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/11/25/vistaprint-security-lapse/|title=Vistaprint left thousands of customer chats and calls online|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-28}}

See also

References

{{Reflist|30em}}