Voiceless alveolar tap and flap

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɾ̥⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Voiceless alveolar tap

|ipa symbol=ɾ̥

|ipa number=124 402A

|xsampa=4_0

}}

The voiceless alveolar tap or flap is rare as a phoneme. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɾ̥}}, a combination of the letter for the voiced alveolar tap/flap and a diacritic indicating voicelessness. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is 4_0.

The voiceless alveolar tapped fricative reported from some languages is actually a very brief voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar tap or flap:

Its manner of articulation is tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that the tongue makes very brief contact.
Its place of articulation is dental or alveolar, which means it is articulated behind upper front teeth or at the alveolar ridge. It is most often apical, which means that it is pronounced with the tip of the tongue.

Occurrence

=Alveolar=

colspan="2" \| Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
class="wikitable"
colspan="2" \| Bengali{{Harvcoltxt\|Khan\|2010\|p=224}}	{{lang\|bn\|আবার}}	{{IPA\|[ˈäbäɾ̥]}}	'again'	Possible allophone of {{IPA\|/ɹ/}} in the syllable coda. See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" \| English	throw	{{IPA\|[θɾ̪̊oʊ]}}	'throw'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɹ/}} after {{IPA\|/θ/}}.
Greek	Cypriot	{{lang\|el\|αρφός}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[ɐɾ̥ˈfo̞s]}}}}	'brother'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} before voiceless consonants. May be a voiceless alveolar trill instead
colspan="2" \| Icelandic	{{lang\|is\|hrafn}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɾ̥apn̪̊]}}	'raven'	Realization of {{IPA\|/r̥/}} for some speakers. Also illustrates {{IPA\|/n̥/}}. See Icelandic phonology
Portuguese	European{{Harvcoltxt\|Jesus\|2001}}	{{lang\|pt\|assar}}	{{IPA\|[əˈsäɾ̥]}}	'to bake'	Apparent allophone of {{IPA\|/ɾ/}}; distribution unclear, but common in the coda in {{Harvcoltxt\|Jesus\|2001}}'s corpus. See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \| Turkish	{{lang\|is\|bir}}	{{IPA\|[biɾ̝̊]}}	'one'	/ɾ/ is frequently devoiced word-finally and before a voiceless consonant. See Turkish phonology
Wu Chinese	Xuanzhou Wu (Nanling variety)	{{lang\|zh\|弟}}	{{IPA\|/ɾ̥ɦi˨˦/}}	'brother'	/{{IPA\|ɾ̥ɦ}}/ corresponds to /{{IPAlink\|d}}/ in other varieties (cf. Shanghainese {{IPA\|/di˩˦/}}). Xuanzhou varieties tend to have /{{IPAlink\|ɾ}}/ as their primary realisation of this phoneme (cf. {{ill\|Tonglingese\|zh\|銅陵話}} /{{IPA\|ɾɦi˧˦}}/)

Notes

References

{{Citation

|last=Jesus

|first=Luis Miguel Teixeira

|year=2001

|title=Acoustic Phonetics of European Portuguese Fricative Consonant

|type=Ph.D.

|publisher=University of Southampton

|url=http://sweet.ua.pt/lmtj/lmtj/Jesus2001.htm

}}

{{Citation

|last=Khan

|first=Sameer ud Dowla

|year=2010

|title=Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard)

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=40

|issue=2

|pages=221–225

|url=http://www.reed.edu/linguistics/khan/assets/Khan%202010%20Bengali%20Bangladeshi%20standard.pdf

|doi=10.1017/S0025100310000071

|doi-access=free

}}

External links

{{phoible|ɾ̥}}
{{phoible|ɾ̪̊}}

Category:Alveolar consonants

Category:Tap and flap consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless oral consonants

Category:Central consonants

colspan="2" \| Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
class="wikitable"
colspan="2" \| Bengali{{Harvcoltxt\|Khan\|2010\|p=224}}	{{lang\|bn\|আবার}}	{{IPA\|[ˈäbäɾ̥]}}	'again'	Possible allophone of {{IPA\|/ɹ/}} in the syllable coda. See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" \| English	throw	{{IPA\|[θɾ̪̊oʊ]}}	'throw'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɹ/}} after {{IPA\|/θ/}}.
Greek	Cypriot	{{lang\|el\|αρφός}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[ɐɾ̥ˈfo̞s]}}}}	'brother'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} before voiceless consonants. May be a voiceless alveolar trill instead
colspan="2" \| Icelandic	{{lang\|is\|hrafn}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɾ̥apn̪̊]}}	'raven'	Realization of {{IPA\|/r̥/}} for some speakers. Also illustrates {{IPA\|/n̥/}}. See Icelandic phonology
Portuguese	European{{Harvcoltxt\|Jesus\|2001}}	{{lang\|pt\|assar}}	{{IPA\|[əˈsäɾ̥]}}	'to bake'	Apparent allophone of {{IPA\|/ɾ/}}; distribution unclear, but common in the coda in {{Harvcoltxt\|Jesus\|2001}}'s corpus. See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \| Turkish	{{lang\|is\|bir}}	{{IPA\|[biɾ̝̊]}}	'one'	/ɾ/ is frequently devoiced word-finally and before a voiceless consonant. See Turkish phonology
Wu Chinese	Xuanzhou Wu (Nanling variety)	{{lang\|zh\|弟}}	{{IPA\|/ɾ̥ɦi˨˦/}}	'brother'	/{{IPA\|ɾ̥ɦ}}/ corresponds to /{{IPAlink\|d}}/ in other varieties (cf. Shanghainese {{IPA\|/di˩˦/}}). Xuanzhou varieties tend to have /{{IPAlink\|ɾ}}/ as their primary realisation of this phoneme (cf. {{ill\|Tonglingese\|zh\|銅陵話}} /{{IPA\|ɾɦi˧˦}}/)