Vulpini
{{Short description|Tribe of carnivores, most called 'fox'}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Vulpins
| fossil_range =
| image = Vulpini.jpg
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: red fox, bat-eared fox, tanuki
| taxon = Vulpini
| authority = Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = * {{extinct}}Ferrucyon{{Cite journal|author1=Damián Ruiz-Ramoni |author2=Francisco Juan Prevosti |author3=Saverio Bartolini Lucenti |author4=Marisol Montellano-Ballesteros |author5=Ana Luisa Carreño |year=2020 |title=The Pliocene canid Cerdocyon avius was not the type of fox that we thought |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=e1774889 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2020.1774889 |s2cid=222214868 }}
- {{extinct}}Metalopex Tedford, Wang, & Taylor 2008
- Nyctereutes
- Otocyon
- †Prototocyon
- Vulpes
}}
Vulpini is a tribe which represents the fox-like taxon of the subfamily Caninae (the canines), and is sister to the dog-like tribe Canini. It comprises the 15 extant and 21 extinct species found on all continents.
Genera
| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
| Image | Genus | Species |
|---|---|---|
| 150px
|Nyctereutes {{small|Temminck, 1838}} | | ||
| 150px
|Otocyon {{small|S. Müller, 1835}} | | ||
| 150px
|Vulpes {{small|Garsault, 1764}} |
| ||
| | †Ferrucyon {{small|Ruiz-Ramoni et al., 2020}}
| | ||
| | †Metalopex {{small|S. Müller, 1835}}
|
| ||
| | †Prototocyon {{small|Pohle, 1928}}
| |
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of Carnivora in general and Canidae in particular correlates with various diagnostic features of the dentition and basicranium. Regarding Vulpini, Tedford has remarked:
{{quote|These small canids are distinguished from all other Caninae in possessing a wide paroccipital process that is broadly sutured to the posterior surface of the bulla with a short and laterally turned free tip that barely extends below the body of the process. The presence of a metaconule and postprotocrista on M2 of vulpines represents the culmination of a reversal that began with late Leptocyon species to resume the form of the primitive canine M2.|Richard H. Tedford}}
The cladogram below is based on the phylogeny of Lindblad-Toh (2005) modified to incorporate recent findings on Vulpes.{{cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Chao |last2=Zhang |first2=Honghai |last3=Liu |first3=Guangshuai |last4=Yang |first4=Xiufeng |last5=Zhang |first5=Jin |title=The complete mitochondrial genome of the Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata) and implications for the phylogeny of Canidae |journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume=339 |issue=2 |year=2016 |pages=68–77 |issn=1631-0691 |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2015.11.005 |pmid=26868757|doi-access=free }}
{{Clade |style=font-size:80%; line-height:85%
|label1=Vulpini
|1={{Clade
|1=Otocyon megalotis (bat-eared fox) 45 px
|2={{Clade
|1=Nyctereutes (raccoon dogs) 50 px
|label2=Vulpes
|2={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=Vulpes zerda (fennec fox) 50 px
|2=Vulpes cana (Blanford's fox) 50 px
}}
|2={{Clade
|1=Vulpes chama (Cape fox) 50 px
|2={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=Vulpes vulpes (red fox) 50 px
|2=Vulpes rueppellii (Ruppell's fox) 50 px
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Vulpes corsac (corsac fox) 50 px
|2=Vulpes ferrilata (Tibetan sand fox) 50 px
}}
}}
|2={{Clade
|1=Vulpes macrotis (kit fox) 50 px
|2=Vulpes lagopus (Arctic fox) 50 px
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
References
{{Reflist|refs=
{{cite journal|last1=Tedford|first1=Richard H.|author-link1=Richard H. Tedford|last2=Wang|first2=Xiaoming|author-link2=Xiaoming Wang (paleontologist)|last3=Taylor|first3=Beryl E.|year=2009|title=Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)|doi=10.1206/574.1|volume=325|journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |pages=1–218|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/2246/5999/1/B325.pdf|hdl=2246/5999|s2cid=83594819 }}
}}
{{Carnivora|Ca.}}
{{Canidae extinct nav|C.}}
{{Taxonbar|from= Q30223}}
Category:Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
Category:Taxa named by Wilhelm Hemprich
{{Canid-stub}}