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Wade–Giles table

{{Use mdy dates|date = February 2019}}

{{Short description|Table of all possible syllables of Standard Mandarin}}

{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}

This Wade–Giles table is a complete listing of all Wade–Giles syllables used in Standard Chinese.A Chinese-English Dictionary. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations occur with each of the five different tones, most do not. Some only occur with one tone.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü. i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. The following exceptions exist:

class=wikitable

!Group!!colspan=6|Special combination

align=center|ii+ê/o=iehi+ou=iui+an=ieni+ên=ini+êng=ing
align=center|uu+ê/o=o/uou+ei=ui/ueiu+ên=unu+êng=ung
align=center|üü+ê/o=üehü+ên=ünü+êng=iung

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. These are written in Wade–Giles according to the following rules:

  • if the final begins with a u, replace the u with a w
  • if the final begins with an ü, add y in the beginning (no exceptions)
  • if the final begins with an i, replace the i with a y if there are other vowels; if there are no other vowels, add y in the beginning
  • if the final begins in any other way, keep the final as is
  • exceptions to the rules above are indicated by blue in the table's no initial column:

class=wikitable

! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Wade–Giles table

! colspan =22 | Initials

! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Wade–Giles table

∅pp{{wg-apos}}mftt{{wg-apos}}nlkk{{wg-apos}}hchch{{wg-apos}}hschch{{wg-apos}}shjtsts{{wg-apos}}s
rowspan=12 | Group a Finals

! ih/ŭ

| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || chih || ch{{wg-apos}}ih || shih || jih || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| tzŭ || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| tz{{wg-apos}}ŭ || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| ssŭ

! ih/ŭ

! rowspan=12 | Group a Finals

ua

! a

| a

pap{{wg-apos}}amafatat{{wg-apos}}analakak{{wg-apos}}ahachach{{wg-apos}}ashatsats{{wg-apos}}asa

! a

ê/o

| style="background:#CCECFF;"| ê/o || || || mê || || tê || t{{wg-apos}}ê || nê || lê || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| ko || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| k{{wg-apos}}o || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| ho || || || || chê || ch{{wg-apos}}ê || shê || jê || tsê || ts{{wg-apos}}ê || sê

! ê/o

ai

| ai || pai || p{{wg-apos}}ai || mai || || tai || t{{wg-apos}}ai || nai || lai || kai || k{{wg-apos}}ai || hai || || || || chai || ch{{wg-apos}}ai || shai || || tsai || ts{{wg-apos}}ai || sai

! ai

ei

| ei || pei || p{{wg-apos}}ei || mei || fei || tei || t{{wg-apos}}ei || nei || lei || kei || || hei || || || || chei || || shei || || tsei || ||

! ei

ao

| ao || pao || p{{wg-apos}}ao || mao || || tao || t{{wg-apos}}ao || nao || lao || kao || k{{wg-apos}}ao || hao || || || || chao || ch{{wg-apos}}ao || shao || jao || tsao || ts{{wg-apos}}ao || sao

! ao

ou

| ou || || p{{wg-apos}}ou || mou || fou || tou || t{{wg-apos}}ou || nou || lou || kou || k{{wg-apos}}ou || hou || || || || chou || ch{{wg-apos}}ou || shou || jou || tsou || ts{{wg-apos}}ou || sou

! ou

an

| an || pan || p{{wg-apos}}an || man || fan || tan || t{{wg-apos}}an || nan || lan || kan || k{{wg-apos}}an || han || || || || chan || ch{{wg-apos}}an || shan || jan || tsan || ts{{wg-apos}}an || san

! an

ên

| ên || pên || p{{wg-apos}}ên || mên || fên || tên || || nên || || kên || k{{wg-apos}}ên || hên || || || || chên || ch{{wg-apos}}ên || shên || jên || tsên || ts{{wg-apos}}ên || sên

! ên

ang

| ang || pang || p{{wg-apos}}ang || mang || fang || tang || t{{wg-apos}}ang || nang || lang || kang || k{{wg-apos}}ang || hang || || || || chang || ch{{wg-apos}}ang || shang || jang || tsang || ts{{wg-apos}}ang || sang

! ang

êng

| êng || pêng || p{{wg-apos}}êng || mêng || fêng || têng || t{{wg-apos}}êng || nêng || lêng || kêng || k{{wg-apos}}êng || hêng || || || || chêng || ch{{wg-apos}}êng || shêng || jêng || tsêng || ts{{wg-apos}}êng || sêng

! êng

êrh

| êrh || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

! êrh

rowspan=10 | Group i Finals

! i

| style="background:#CCECFF;"| i/yi || pi || p{{wg-apos}}i || mi || || ti || t{{wg-apos}}i || ni || li || || || || chi || ch{{wg-apos}}i || hsi || || || || || || ||

! i

! rowspan=10 | Group i Finals

ia

| ya || || || || || tia || || || lia || || || || chia || ch{{wg-apos}}ia || hsia || || || || || || ||

! ia

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ieh

| yeh || pieh || p{{wg-apos}}ieh || mieh || || tieh || t{{wg-apos}}ieh || nieh || lieh || || || || chieh || ch{{wg-apos}}ieh || hsieh || || || || || || ||

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ieh

iai

| yai || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

! iai

iao

| yao || piao || p{{wg-apos}}iao || miao || || tiao || t{{wg-apos}}iao || niao || liao || || || || chiao || ch{{wg-apos}}iao || hsiao || || || || || || ||

! iao

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | iu

| yu || || || miu || || tiu || || niu || liu || || || || chiu || ch{{wg-apos}}iu || hsiu || || || || || || ||

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | iu

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ien

| yen || pien || p{{wg-apos}}ien || mien || || tien || t{{wg-apos}}ien || nien || lien || || || || chien || ch{{wg-apos}}ien || hsien || || || || || || ||

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ien

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | in

| yin || pin || p{{wg-apos}}in || min || || || || nin || lin || || || || chin || ch{{wg-apos}}in || hsin || || || || || || ||

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | in

iang

| yang || || || || || || || niang || liang || || || || chiang || ch{{wg-apos}}iang || hsiang || || || || || || ||

! iang

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ing

| ying || ping || p{{wg-apos}}ing || ming || || ting || t{{wg-apos}}ing || ning || ling || || || || ching || ch{{wg-apos}}ing || hsing || || || || || || ||

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ing

rowspan=9 | Group u Finals

! u

| style="background:#CCECFF;" | wu || pu || p{{wg-apos}}u || mu || fu || tu || t{{wg-apos}}u || nu || lu || ku || k{{wg-apos}}u || hu || || || || chu || ch{{wg-apos}}u || shu || ju || tsu || ts{{wg-apos}}u || su

! u

! rowspan=9 | Group u Finals

ua

| wa || || || || || || || || || kua || k{{wg-apos}}ua || hua || || || || chua || ch{{wg-apos}}ua || shua || jua || || ||

! ua

style="background:#CCCCCC; | o/uo

| style="background:#CCECFF;" | wo || po || p{{wg-apos}}o || mo || fo || to || t{{wg-apos}}o || no || lo || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| kuo || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| k{{wg-apos}}uo || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| huo || || || || cho || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| ch{{wg-apos}}o/ch{{wg-apos}}uo || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| shuo || jo || tso || ts{{wg-apos}}o || so

! style="background:#CCCCCC; | o/uo

uai

| wai || || || || || || || || || kuai || k{{wg-apos}}uai || huai || || || || chuai || ch{{wg-apos}}uai || shuai || || || ||

! uai

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ui/uei

| style="background:#CCECFF;"| wei || || || || || tui || t{{wg-apos}}ui || || || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| kuei || style="background:#FFFFCC;"| k{{wg-apos}}uei || hui || || || || chui || ch{{wg-apos}}ui || shui || jui || tsui || ts{{wg-apos}}ui || sui

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ui/uei

uan

| wan || || || || || tuan || t{{wg-apos}}uan || nuan || luan || kuan || k{{wg-apos}}uan || huan || || || || chuan || ch{{wg-apos}}uan || shuan || juan || tsuan || ts{{wg-apos}}uan || suan

! uan

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | un

| style="background:#CCECFF;"| wên || || || || || tun || t{{wg-apos}}un || nun || lun || kun || k{{wg-apos}}un || hun || || || || chun || ch{{wg-apos}}un || shun || jun || tsun || ts{{wg-apos}}un || sun

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | un

uang

| wang || || || || || || || || || kuang || k{{wg-apos}}uang || huang || || || || chuang || ch{{wg-apos}}uang || shuang || || || ||

! uang

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ung

| style="background:#CCECFF;"| wêng || || || || || tung || t{{wg-apos}}ung || nung || lung || kung || k{{wg-apos}}ung || hung || || || || chung || ch{{wg-apos}}ung || || jung || tsung || ts{{wg-apos}}ung || sung

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ung

rowspan=5 | Group ü Finals

! ü

| yü || || || || || || || nü || lü || || || || chü || ch{{wg-apos}}ü || hsü || || || || || || ||

! ü

! rowspan=5 | Group ü Finals

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | üeh

| yüeh || || || || || || || nüeh || lüeh || || || || chüeh || ch{{wg-apos}}üeh || hsüeh || || || || || || ||

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | üeh

üan

| yüan || || || || || || || || lüan || || || || chüan || ch{{wg-apos}}üan || hsüan || || || || || || ||

! üan

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ün

| yün || || || || || || || || || || || || chün || ch{{wg-apos}}ün || hsün || || || || || || ||

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | ün

style="background:#CCCCCC;" | iung

| yung || || || || || || || || || || || || chiung || ch{{wg-apos}}iung || hsiung || || || || || || ||

! style="background:#CCCCCC;" | iung

rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Wade–Giles table

! ∅

pp{{wg-apos}}mftt{{wg-apos}}nlkk{{wg-apos}}hchch{{wg-apos}}hschch{{wg-apos}}shjtsts{{wg-apos}}s

! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Wade–Giles table

colspan =22 | Initials

::Colour Legend:

::

class=wikitable

|width=200 style="background:#EEEEEE;" | "regular" initial or final

Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of:

  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final

|width=200 style="background:#CCCCCC;" | Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of:

  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final

|width=200| syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)

|width=200 style="background:#FFFFCC;" | syllable is written with the less common of the two spellings of the final;
note the special spelling of the initials ts, ts{{wg-apos}}, s in the syllables tzŭ, tz{{wg-apos}}ŭ, ssŭ, and the two variants ch{{wg-apos}}o and ch{{wg-apos}}uo.

::Syllables that end with o have either the o/uo final or the ê/o final:

::

class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"

!IPA

|pu̯ɔ

pʰu̯ɔmu̯ɔfu̯ɔtu̯ɔtʰu̯ɔnu̯ɔlu̯ɔkɤkʰɤxɤku̯ɔkʰu̯ɔxu̯ɔʈʂu̯ɔʈʂʰu̯ɔʂu̯ɔʐu̯ɔʦu̯ɔʦʰu̯ɔsu̯ɔɤu̯ɔ
Wade–Giles

|po||p{{wg-apos}}o||mo||fo||to||t{{wg-apos}}o||no||lo||ko||k{{wg-apos}}o||ho||kuo||k{{wg-apos}}uo||huo||cho||ch{{wg-apos}}o||shuo||jo||tso||ts{{wg-apos}}o||so||o/ê||wo

Bopomofo

|ㄅㄛ||ㄆㄛ||ㄇㄛ||ㄈㄛ||ㄉㄨㄛ||ㄊㄨㄛ||ㄋㄨㄛ||ㄌㄨㄛ||ㄍㄜ||ㄎㄜ||ㄏㄜ||ㄍㄨㄛ||ㄎㄨㄛ||ㄏㄨㄛ||ㄓㄨㄛ||ㄔㄨㄛ||ㄕㄨㄛ||ㄖㄨㄛ||ㄗㄨㄛ||ㄘㄨㄛ||ㄙㄨㄛ||ㄜ||ㄨㄛ

Pinyin

|bo||po||mo||fo||duo||tuo||nuo||luo||ge||ke||he||guo||kuo||huo||zhuo||chuo||shuo||ruo||zuo||cuo||suo||e||wo

See also

References

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wade-Giles table}}

Category:Romanization of Chinese