Wanganui Computer Centre bombing
{{Short description|Protest and Bombing in Whanganui, New Zealand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Wanganui Computer Centre bombing
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| location = Whanganui, New Zealand
| target = National Law Enforcement System mainframe
| coordinates = {{coord|-39.9306|175.0564|region:NZ-MWT_type:landmark|display=inline}}
| date = {{start date|1982|11|18|df=yes}}
| time = {{circa}} 12:35 am
| timezone = NZDT
| type = Suicide bombing
| fatalities = 1 (perpetrator)
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| perpetrators= Neil Roberts
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The Wanganui Computer Centre bombing occurred in Whanganui, New Zealand, in 1982. The event was carried out to protest New Zealand's ability to record the personal information of citizens which was seen as potentially dangerous by civil libertarians.Lance Beath, 'Terrorism and counter-terrorism – Terrorism and New Zealand: the historical background', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/photograph/34659/bomb-damage-to-the-wanganui-computer-centre-1982 (accessed 25 January 2017) The Computer Centre continued to operate until its closure in 2005.
Wanganui Computer Centre
{{main|National Law Enforcement System}}
Proposed by the National Party at the 1972 general elections and picked up by the Labour Party after they became the government, the computer system was initially proposed to be called the Law Enforcement Data System (Wanganui), then called the Justice Data Bank, until the name National Law Enforcement Data Base was settled on.
= Wairere House =
Sited on the corner of Bates Street and Somme Parade, "Wairere House" was the name given to the purpose-built building for the Wanganui Computer from the time of its initial construction in 1974. A large re-enforced three story building, it only has windows on the top floor, giving it the appearance of a fortified bunker. Building construction was overseen by the Ministry of Works, on behalf of the Government. Computer installation began in May 1975, with the system, itself, being operational by 1976, although data entry continued until 1978. The building was purchased by the National Library in 1997 to hold some of their heritage collections, as well as being sub-tenanted to private organisations.{{cite web |last1=Pettigrew |first1=Wendy |title=Whanganui District Heritage Inventory: Register Item No: 322 |url=https://data.whanganui.govt.nz/wdc/HeritageSheets/322.pdf |website=data.whanganui.govt.nz |publisher=Whanganui District Council |access-date=26 November 2022 |format=pdf |date=September 2010}}
= Wanganui Computer =
Established in 1976 under the Wanganui Computer Centre Act the "Wanganui Computer" was New Zealand’s first national law enforcement computer system, holding the personal information about many New Zealanders in relation to motor vehicles, driver’s and firearms licences, crime and traffic offending and criminal convictions. It allowed law enforcement agencies, including the Police, Transport, Courts, and Corrections , among others, to share information via a nationwide network of computer terminals. Described as "the most significant crime-fighting weapon ever brought to bear" [in New Zealand] by then Police Minister Allan McCready. For its time, the Wanganui Computer broke new ground and was a controversial initiative in the mass storage of New Zealanders' personal information on a computer system.{{cite web |title=Wanganui Computer legislation enacted: 9 September 1976 |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/big-brother-is-watching-legislation-is-passed-establishing-the-wanganui-computer-centre |website=nzhistory.govt.nz |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage |access-date=26 November 2022 |location=Wellington, New Zealand |language=en |date=3 August 2017}}{{cite news |title='Big Brother' switched off after 30 years service |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/big-brother-switched-off-after-30-years-service/65TEIFS74WHJUPKGJRU5UO2MHA/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |work=The New Zealand Herald |date=20 June 2005 |language=en-NZ}}{{cite news |last1=Yarwood |first1=Vaughan |title=A bomb for 'Big Brother' |url=https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/7335/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |work=New Zealand Geographic |issue=130 |publisher=Kowhai Media |date=November 2014 |location=Auckland |language=en-NZ}}{{cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=Danielle |title=Wanganui Computer Bombing |url=https://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/history-and-museum/museum/exhibitions/curators-casefile/wanganui-computer-bombing |website=www.police.govt.nz |publisher=New Zealand Police Museum |access-date=26 November 2022 |location=Wellington, New Zealand |language=en}} In 1995, the Wanganui Computer was moved to Auckland and the Centre was closed.
Bombing
On 18 November 1982, a suicide bomb attack was made against a facility housing the main computer system of the New Zealand Police, Courts, Ministry of Transport and other law enforcement agencies, in Wanganui. The force of the blast made it so that police were initially unable to determine the sex of the perpetrator.{{Cite news|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/morningreport/audio/20159086/wanganui-computer-centre-explosion-news-report|title=Wanganui Computer Centre explosion news report|date=2014-11-28|work=Radio New Zealand |access-date=2018-05-24|language=en-nz}} The attacker, a "punk rock" anarchist named Neil Roberts, was the only person killed, and the computer system was undamaged.{{cite web|url=http://libcom.org/library/neil-roberts-wanganui-police-bomb|title=1982: The death of Neil Roberts}}{{cite web|url=http://punkfest.orcon.net.nz/index2002.htm|title=Neil Roberts 20th Anniversary Memorial Punk Fest}} He had written on a piece of cardboard before the explosion, "Heres [sic] one anarchist down. Hopefully there’s a lot more waking up. One day we’ll win – one day." A public toilet nearby had the slogan "We have maintained a silence closely resembling stupidity" painted on it, a slogan which the police believe Roberts had painted,{{Cite news|url=http://thewireless.co.nz/articles/an-anarchist-with-a-death-wish|title=An anarchist with a death wish|work=The Wireless|access-date=2018-05-24}} and borrowed from the Revolutionary Proclamation of the Junta Tuitiva of 1809.[https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/the-maintenance-of-silence-1985/quotes The Maintenance of Silence], nzonscreen.com, Retrieved 17 March 2019. The phrase is still closely linked with the bombing by the New Zealand public.Field, M., "[https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/music/63097477/null Opera about NZ's only suicide bomber]," stuff.co.nz 11 November 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
Commemorations
Between 1986 and 1989, Neil Roberts Day (18 November) was commemorated with gatherings in the Moutoa Gardens. The commemorations were revived in 2015, 2017 and 2018 with various punk bands from around the country performing at concerts held in the Duncan Pavilion at Castlecliff in Whanganui.{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Finn |title=Deterioration leave Duncan Pavilion's future in question |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/deterioration-leave-duncan-pavilions-future-at-castlecliff-in-question/WAIJRGN74K56DEKHRU6RC53HDU/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |work=Whanganui Chronicle |via=The New Zealand Herald |publisher=NZME Publishing Limited |date=6 August 2022 |language=en-NZ}}
In popular culture
In 1984, a short was produced titled The Maintenance of Silence. The film portrays a young man named Eric probing into the facts of the bombing. The protagonist is disturbed by being awakened in Auckland at the exact moment of the bombing in Wanganui. Eric becomes absorbed in pondering the character and fate of Neil Roberts.Campbell, Russell. [https://ojs.victoria.ac.nz/jnzs/article/viewFile/6/5 "System Overload: Neil Roberts, Punk Anarchism and'The Maintenance of Silence'."] Journal of New Zealand Studies 8 (2009): 85.
Rochelle Bright wrote a musical play about Neil Roberts in 2015 as part of her residency at the Michael King Writers Centre in Auckland.Kilgallon, S., "[https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/stage-and-theatre/76343127/null Daffodils show returns to Auckland, film and worldwide tour in the offing]," stuff.co.nz 31 January 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
The graffitied sentence "We have maintained a silence closely resembling stupidity" has been used by New Zealand artist Ann Shelton in various works, notably as part of her "Doublethink" installation (2013) and exhibition "The City of Lead and Gold" (Sarjeant Gallery, Wanganui, 2013)."[http://www.annshelton.com/works/the-city-of-gold-and-lead The City of Lead and Gold]," Ann Shelton's website. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
An article from Radio New Zealand's 'The Wireless' paints a richer picture: [https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/the-wireless/373579/an-anarchist-with-a-death-wish An Anarchist With A Death Wish]