Whanganui

Whanga nui is a Māori language phrase meaning "big bay" or "big harbour". The first name of the European settlement was Petre (pronounced Peter), after Lord Petre, an officer of the New Zealand Company, but it was never popular and was officially changed to "Wanganui" in 1854.{{cite web |title=Whanganui in 1841 |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/wanganui-1841 |website=New Zealand History |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage |access-date=29 October 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029102707/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/wanganui-1841 |archive-date=29 October 2020}}

{{Anchor|Spelling of Wanganui/Whanganui}}

In the local dialect, Māori pronounce the wh in Whanganui as {{IPA|[ˀw]}}, a voiced labial–velar approximant combined with a glottal stop,{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Winifred |date=2010 |title=The Wanganui/Whanganui Debate: A Linguist's View Of Correctness |url=https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/law/research/publications/about-nzacl/publications/nzacl-yearbooks/yearbook-16,-2010/02-Bauer.pdf |access-date=21 July 2020 |publisher=Victoria University of Wellington |pages=11–12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720173504/https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/law/research/publications/about-nzacl/publications/nzacl-yearbooks/yearbook-16,-2010/02-Bauer.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2020}} but to non-locals the name sounds like "Wanganui" and is hard to reproduce.

In 1991, the New Zealand Geographic Board considered demands from some local Māori to change the name of the river to Whanganui.{{cite web |title=Moutoa Gardens protest |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/moutoa-gardens-protest |access-date=29 October 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029101154/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/moutoa-gardens-protest |archive-date=29 October 2020}} During a three-month consultation period, the Wanganui District Council was asked for its views and advised the Board that it opposed the change. Letters of both support and opposition were received during this time. After some deliberation, the Board decided to change the spelling of the river's name from "Wanganui" to "Whanganui".{{cite web |title=How we say 'Whanganui' |url=https://www.whanganui.govt.nz/About-Whanganui/Our-District/How-we-say-Whanganui |access-date=29 October 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029101221/https://www.whanganui.govt.nz/About-Whanganui/Our-District/How-we-say-Whanganui |archive-date=29 October 2020}}{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions about the Minister's Decision |url=https://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/place-names/place-name-consultation/7416 |access-date=29 October 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029101251/https://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/place-names/place-name-consultation/7416 |archive-date=29 October 2020}}

A non-binding referendum was held in Wanganui in 2006, where 82% voted to retain the city's name "Wanganui" without an 'h'. Turnout was 55.4%.{{cite web |last=Burns |first=Kelly |date=4 April 2009 |title=Wanganui spelling change slammed |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/2300853/Wanganui-spelling-change-slammed |access-date=19 January 2015 |work=Stuff |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029101330/http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/2300853/Wanganui-spelling-change-slammed |archive-date=29 October 2020}} Despite the clear results, the spelling of the name continued to be surrounded by significant controversy.{{cite news |title=Board to decide Wanganui spelling |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/national/board-decide-wanganui-spelling |access-date=29 October 2020 |work=Otago Daily Times |publisher=Allied Press |date=25 March 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029101335/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/national/board-decide-wanganui-spelling |archive-date=29 October 2020}}{{cite news |title=Michael Laws condemns 'petty vandals' for adding h to Wanganui |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/nznews/michael-laws-condemns-petty-vandals-for-adding-h-to-wanganui-2009030411 |access-date=29 October 2020 |work=Newshub |publisher=MediaWorks TV |date=3 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029101420/https://www.newshub.co.nz/nznews/michael-laws-condemns-petty-vandals-for-adding-h-to-wanganui-2009030411 |archive-date=29 October 2020}}

Iwi group Te Rūnanga o Tupoho applied to the New Zealand Geographic Board to change the city's name to "Whanganui" in February 2009, and in late March the Board found there were grounds for the change.[http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/about-geographic-board/nzgb-news-notices/2009/0330-nzgb-wanganui-decision/index.aspx New Zealand Geographic Board to publicly consult on ‘h’ in Wanganui]. 30 March 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925144902/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/about-geographic-board/nzgb-news-notices/2009/0330-nzgb-wanganui-decision/index.aspx|date=25 September 2009}} The public was given three months to comment on the proposed change, beginning in mid-May.[http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/consultation-decisions/a-to-z/whanganui/index.aspx Whanganui]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923172253/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/consultation-decisions/a-to-z/whanganui/index.aspx|date=23 September 2009}} The public submissions were relatively equal, with a slim majority in favour of keeping the status quo.{{cite news |date=17 September 2009 |title=Whanganui decision 'great day for city' – Turia |work=The New Zealand Herald |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10597886&pnum=0 |access-date=17 September 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021082229/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10597886&pnum=0 |archive-date=21 October 2012}} Wanganui Mayor Michael Laws spoke strongly against the proposed change. A second referendum was held in Wanganui in May 2009, and residents again overwhelmingly rejected changing the city's name, with 22% voting to change it to "Whanganui" and 77% voting to retain the name as "Wanganui".{{cite web |date=21 May 2009 |title=Results of Referendum 09 |url=http://www.wanganuireferendum.govt.nz/Results.asp |access-date=22 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525074930/http://www.wanganuireferendum.govt.nz/Results.asp |archive-date=25 May 2010}}{{cite news |last1=Emerson |first1=Anne-Marie |title=Wanganui says: No H |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/wanganui-says-no-h/763XD3HWSRIK2S5VL52ABZ5Z2U/ |access-date=29 October 2020 |work=Wanganui Chronicle |publisher=NZME Publishing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029105120/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/wanganui-says-no-h/763XD3HWSRIK2S5VL52ABZ5Z2U/ |archive-date=29 October 2020}} Voter turnout was 61%, the highest in a Wanganui referendum, reflecting the widespread controversy. Recognising that the decision was ultimately political in nature, not linguistic, in September 2009 the Geographic Board handed the decision to the Minister for Land Information.{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Winifred |date=2010 |title=The Wanganui/Whanganui Debate: A Linguist's View Of Correctness |url=https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/law/research/publications/about-nzacl/publications/nzacl-yearbooks/yearbook-16,-2010/02-Bauer.pdf |publisher=Victoria University of Wellington |page=17}} Despite the referendum results, the Geographic Board recommended to the Minister that the name should be spelt "Whanganui".{{cite web |title=Wanganui proposed change to Whanganui |url=https://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/place-names/place-name-consultation/7416 |website=Land Information New Zealand |access-date=29 October 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029101251/https://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/place-names/place-name-consultation/7416 |archive-date=29 October 2020}} In December 2009, the government decided that while either spelling was acceptable, Crown agencies would use the spelling "Whanganui",{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10616306 |title=Whanganui or Wanganui – it's up to you |work=The New Zealand Herald |date=18 December 2009}} amending the act to allow other official documents to use "Wanganui", as an alternative official name, if desired.{{cite news |title=Whanganui or Wanganui – it's up to you |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/whanganui-or-wanganui-its-up-to-you/YOBRUUUWQPHKSJ6IMJZ46YNLKE/?c_id=1&objectid=10616306 |access-date=30 November 2021 |work=The New Zealand Herald |language=en-NZ}}

On 17 November 2015 Land Information New Zealand Toitū te whenua (LINZ) announced that Wanganui District would be renamed to Whanganui District.{{Cite web |date=17 November 2015 |title='H' to be added to Wanganui District name |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/news/2015-11/%E2%80%98h%E2%80%99-be-added-wanganui-district-name |access-date=2 February 2016 |website=Land Information New Zealand (LINZ)}} This changed the official name of the District Council, and, because Whanganui is not a city council but a district, the official name of the urban area as well. On 19 November 2015, the name change was officially gazetted.{{cite web |title=Notice of the Final Determination of the Minister for Land Information on a Local Authority District Name |url=https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2015-ln6744 |access-date=15 October 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015033328/https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2015-ln6744 |archive-date=15 October 2021}} In September 2019, the region that Whanganui District Council is part of was renamed from Manawatu-Wanganui to Manawatū-Whanganui.{{cite news |date=2 January 2020 |title=Seal of approval for spelling of Manawatū-Whanganui region |language=en-nz |work=RNZ |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/399415/seal-of-approval-for-spelling-of-manawatu-whanganui-region |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923030013/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/399415/seal-of-approval-for-spelling-of-manawatu-whanganui-region |archive-date=23 September 2019}}

File:Putiki Pā, Whanganui (17191005777).jpg in 1850]]

The area around the mouth of the Whanganui river was a major site of pre-European Māori settlement. The pā named Pūtiki (a contraction of Pūtikiwharanui) was and is home to the Ngāti Tupoho hapū of the iwi Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi.{{cite web |title=Pūtiki Pā |url=http://www.maorimaps.com/full_marae/pktiki-p%01 |access-date=3 December 2015 |website=Māori Maps}} It took its name from the legendary explorer Tamatea Pōkai Whenua, who sent a servant ashore to find flax for tying up his topknot (pūtiki).{{Cite web |last=Young |first=David |date=24 August 2015 |title=Whanganui tribes |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/whanganui-tribes |access-date=3 December 2015 |website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand}}

In the 1820s, coastal tribes in the area assaulted the Kapiti Island stronghold of Ngāti Toa chief Te Rauparaha. Te Rauparaha retaliated in 1830, sacking Pūtiki and slaughtering the inhabitants.Wises New Zealand Guide, 7th Edition, 1979. p. 494.

The first European traders arrived in 1831, followed in 1840 by missionaries Octavius Hadfield and Henry Williams who collected signatures for the Treaty of Waitangi. On 20 June 1840, the Revd John Mason, Mrs Mason, Mr Richard Matthews (a lay catechist) and his wife Johanna arrived to establish a mission station of the Church Missionary Society (CMS).{{cite web |title=Pre 1839 Settlers in New Zealand |url=https://sites.google.com/site/pre1839settlersinnz/home/notes/richard-matthews}} The Revd Richard Taylor joined the CMS mission station in 1843.{{cite book |last1=Rogers |first1=Lawrence M. |title=Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams |publisher=Pegasus Press |year=1973}} The Revd Mason drowned on 5 January 1843 while crossing the Turakina River.{{cite web |title=The Church Missionary Gleaner, July 1843 |url=http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1843_07/9 |url-access=subscription |access-date=12 October 2015 |work=Progress of the Gospel in the Western District of New Zealand – the death of Rev J Mason |publisher=Adam Matthew Digital}} By 1844 the brick church built by Mason was inadequate to meet the needs of the congregation, and it had been damaged in an earthquake. A new church was built under the supervision of Taylor, with the timber supplied by each pā on the river in proportion to its size and number of Christians.{{cite web |title=The Church Missionary Gleaner, June 1845 |url=http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1845_06/10 |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 October 2015 |work=Erection of Places of Worship in New Zealand |publisher=Adam Matthew Digital}}

File:Te Mamaku.jpg (c. 1790 – 1887), a Māori chief in the Ngāti Hāua-te-rangi iwi.]]

After the New Zealand Company had settled Wellington it looked for other suitable places for settlers. William Wakefield, younger brother of Edward Gibbon Wakefield, negotiated the sale of 40,000 acres in 1840, and a town named Petre – after Lord Petre, one of the directors of the New Zealand Company – was established four kilometres from the river mouth. The settlement was threatened in 1846 by Te Mamaku, a chief from up the Whanganui River. The British military arrived on 13 December 1846 to defend the township. Two stockades, the Rutland and York, were built to defend the settlers. Two minor battles were fought on 19 May and 19 July 1847 and after a stalemate the up river iwi returned home.{{cite web |title=The Church Missionary Gleaner, December 1850 |url=http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1850-1851_09/10 |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 October 2015 |work=The Chief Mamaku |publisher=Adam Matthew Digital}} By 1850, Te Mamaku was receiving Christian instruction from Revd Taylor. There were further incidents in 1847 when four members of the Gilfillan family were murdered and their house plundered.{{cite web |title=The Church Missionary Gleaner, January 1854 |url=http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1854_01/12 |url-access=subscription |access-date=18 October 2015 |work=The Murderer Rangiirihau |publisher=Adam Matthew Digital}}

File:View_of_Whanganui,_New_Zealand,_1847,_JA_Gilfillan.jpg, watercolour]]

The name of the city was officially changed to Wanganui on 20 January 1854. The early years of the new city were problematic. Purchase of land from the local tribes had been haphazard and irregular, and as such, many Māori were angered by the influx of Pākehā onto land that they still claimed. It was not until the town had been established for eight years that agreements were finally reached between the colonials and local tribes, and some resentment continued (and still filters through to the present day).

File:Watt Fountain, Wanganui city centre.jpg

Wanganui grew rapidly after this time, with land being cleared for pasture. The town was a major military centre during the New Zealand Wars of the 1860s, although local Māori at Pūtiki led by Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui remained friendly to settlers. In 1871, a town bridge was built,{{Cite web |date=9 Dec 1871 |title=THE GOVERNOR'S VISIT TO WANGANUI. NEW ZEALAND MAIL |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZMAIL18711209.2.8 |access-date=2020-09-05 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz}} followed six years later by a railway bridge at Aramoho. Wanganui was linked by rail to both New Plymouth and Wellington by 1886. The town was incorporated as a Borough on 1 February 1872, with William Hogg Watt the first Mayor. It was then declared a city on 1 July 1924.

As an alternative to the Wanganui chapter of the Women's Christian Temperance Union of New Zealand, Margaret Bullock formed a club for women activists in 1893, originally as the Wanganui Women's Franchise League. Ellen Ballance, the second wife of the former Premier John Ballance was the inaugural president until she left for England. Bullock then served as president when the franchise for women was won and the organisation's name changed to the Women's Political League. The membership rolls reached to nearly 3000 at its height. Monthly meetings focused on feminist scholarly inquiry, and Ellen Ballance donated her husband's library to the club. Bullock and Jessie Williamson led the club's connections with the National Council of Women of New Zealand. By 1903, a year in which Bullock died and Williamson moved to Christchurch, the club's activities had declined and its library collection was donated to the local public library.{{cite book |last1=Labrum |first1=Bronwyn |editor1-last=Else |editor1-first=Anne |title=Women Together: A History of Women's Organisations in New Zealand |date=1993 |publisher=Historical Branch, Dept. of Internal Affairs; Daphne Brasell Assoc. Press |location=Wellington, NZ |pages=77–78 |chapter=Wanganui Women's Political League 1893-c.1902}}

Perhaps Wanganui's biggest scandal happened in 1920, when Mayor Charles Mackay shot and wounded a young poet, Walter D'Arcy Cresswell, who had been blackmailing him over his homosexuality. Mackay served seven years in prison and his name was erased from the town's civic monuments, while Cresswell (himself homosexual) was praised as a "wholesome-minded young man".{{cite web |title=Charles Mackay and D'Arcy Cresswell |url=http://gaynz.net.nz/history/Mackay-cress.html |access-date=10 October 2007}} Mackay's name was restored to the foundation stone of the Sarjeant Gallery in 1985.{{cite web |title=Wanganui mayor shoots poet |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/timeline&new_date=15/05 |access-date=17 April 2011}}

The Whanganui River catchment is seen as a sacred area to Māori, and the Whanganui region is still seen as a focal point for any resentment over land ownership. In 1995, Moutoa Gardens in Wanganui, known to local Māori as Pakaitore, were occupied for 79 days in a mainly peaceful protest by the Whanganui iwi over land claims.

Wanganui was the site of the New Zealand Police Law Enforcement System (LES) from 1976 to 1995. An early Sperry mainframe computer-based intelligence and data management system, it was known colloquially as the "Wanganui Computer". The data centre housing it was subject to New Zealand's highest-profile suicide bombing on 18 November 1982 when anarchist Neil Roberts detonated a gelignite bomb in the entry foyer. Roberts was the only casualty of the bombing.

Whanganui is on the South Taranaki Bight, close to the mouth of the Whanganui River. It is {{cvt|200|km}} north of Wellington and {{cvt|75|km}} northwest of Palmerston North, at the junction of State Highways 3 and 4. Most of the city lies on the river's northwestern bank, because of the greater extent of flat land. The river is crossed by five bridges: Cobham Bridge, City Bridge, Dublin Street Bridge and Aramoho Railway Bridge (rail and pedestrians only) and a Cycle bridge which was opened in 2020.{{Cite web |title=Cycle bridge opens in time for summer |url=https://www.whanganui.govt.nz/Your-Council/News-Events/News/Cycle-bridge-opens |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.whanganui.govt.nz |language=en-AU}}

Both Mount Ruapehu and Mount Taranaki can be seen from Durie Hill and other vantage points around the city.

The suburbs within Whanganui include (clockwise from central Watt Fountain):

• Northeast: Whanganui East, Bastia Hill, Aramoho{{cite web |title=About the profile areas – Lower Aramoho |website=profile.id |date=11 April 2017 |url=https://profile.idnz.co.nz/whanganui/about?WebID=200 |access-date=1 June 2019}}
• East: Durie Hill
• South: Pūtiki{{cite web |title=Iwi – Whanganui Iwi / Te Atihaunui a Pāpārangi – Te Kahui Mangai |website=TKM |date=14 February 2019 |url=http://www.tkm.govt.nz/iwi/te-atihaunui-a-paparangi/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214174245/http://www.tkm.govt.nz/iwi/te-atihaunui-a-paparangi/ |archive-date=14 February 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=1 June 2019}}
• West: Gonville, Castlecliff, Tawhero
• Northwest: Springvale St Johns Hill, Otamatea

Whanganui enjoys a temperate climate, with slightly above the national average sunshine (2100 hours per annum), and about {{cvt|900|mm}} of annual rainfall. Several light frosts are normally experienced in winter. The river is prone to flooding after heavy rain in the catchment, and in June 2015 record flooding occurred with 100 households evacuated. Whanganui's climate is particularly moderate. In 2012, the Federated Farmers Whanganui president, Brian Doughty, said the district's temperate climate meant any type of farming was viable.{{cite news |last=van Delden |first=Aaron |date=18 Apr 2012 |title=A great climate for growth |work=Wanganui Chronicle |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503426&objectid=11060406 |access-date=17 January 2020}}

{{Weather box

|location = Whanganui (1991–2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = 22.6

|Feb high C = 23.0

|Mar high C = 21.6

|Apr high C = 19.1

|May high C = 16.7

|Jun high C = 14.3

|Jul high C = 13.6

|Aug high C = 14.3

|Sep high C = 15.8

|Oct high C = 17.1

|Nov high C = 18.7

|Dec high C = 21.0

| year high C = 18.2

|Jan mean C = 18.3

|Feb mean C = 18.6

|Mar mean C = 17.1

|Apr mean C = 14.9

|May mean C = 12.8

|Jun mean C = 10.6

|Jul mean C = 9.7

|Aug mean C = 10.4

|Sep mean C = 11.9

|Oct mean C = 13.4

|Nov mean C = 14.8

|Dec mean C = 17.0

| year mean C = 14.1

|Jan low C = 14.1

|Feb low C = 14.1

|Mar low C = 12.7

|Apr low C = 10.6

|May low C = 8.8

|Jun low C = 6.8

|Jul low C = 5.8

|Aug low C = 6.6

|Sep low C = 8.1

|Oct low C = 9.6

|Nov low C = 10.9

|Dec low C = 13.0

| year low C = 10.1

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 58.1

|Feb rain mm = 69.6

|Mar rain mm = 60.5

|Apr rain mm = 84.5

|May rain mm = 80.8

|Jun rain mm = 90.3

|Jul rain mm = 87.0

|Aug rain mm = 83.5

|Sep rain mm = 75.9

|Oct rain mm = 89.1

|Nov rain mm = 75.3

|Dec rain mm = 89.5

|year rain mm =

| Jan rain days = 6.3

| Feb rain days = 6.4

| Mar rain days = 7.6

| Apr rain days = 8.9

| May rain days = 10.0

| Jun rain days = 11.6

| Jul rain days = 11.3

| Aug rain days = 12.1

| Sep rain days = 10.5

| Oct rain days = 10.5

| Nov rain days = 9.2

| Dec rain days = 9.6

| unit rain days = 1.0 mm

| Jan sun=250.2

| Feb sun=213.5

| Mar sun=192.1

| Apr sun=159.4

| May sun=129.0

| Jun sun=99.2

| Jul sun=120.7

| Aug sun=137.8

| Sep sun=147.5

| Oct sun=180.5

| Nov sun=203.6

| Dec sun=221.9

| year sun=2055.0

| Jan percentsun =56

| Feb percentsun =56

| Mar percentsun =50

| Apr percentsun =49

| May percentsun =42

| Jun percentsun =35

| Jul percentsun =40

| Aug percentsun =42

| Sep percentsun =42

| Oct percentsun =44

| Nov percentsun =47

| Dec percentsun =48

| year percentsun =

| Jan light = 14.6

| Feb light = 13.6

| Mar light = 12.3

| Apr light = 11.0

| May light = 9.9

| Jun light = 9.4

| Jul light = 9.7

| Aug light = 10.6

| Sep light = 11.8

| Oct light = 13.2

| Nov light = 14.3

| Dec light = 15.0

| year light=

| Jan humidity = 72.8

| Feb humidity = 77.3

| Mar humidity = 78.6

| Apr humidity = 79.5

| May humidity = 82.2

| Jun humidity = 83.7

| Jul humidity = 84.0

| Aug humidity = 81.5

| Sep humidity = 75.3

| Oct humidity = 75.7

| Nov humidity = 72.2

| Dec humidity = 72.2

|source 1 = NIWA Climate Data (sun 1981–2010){{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240520001949/https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather/climate-data-and-activities

| archive-date = 20 May 2024

| url = https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather/climate-data-and-activities

| title = Climate data and activities

| publisher= NIWA

| access-date = 20 May 2024}}{{cite web |url=http://www.niwascience.co.nz/edu/resources/climate/ |title=Climate Data |access-date=2 November 2007 |publisher=NIWA}}

|source 2 = Weather Spark{{cite web

|url = https://weatherspark.com/y/144910/Average-Weather-in-Wanganui-New-Zealand-Year-Round

|title = Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Wanganui

|publisher = Weather Spark

|access-date = 10 Dec 2024}}

| date=August 2010

}}

The Whanganui urban area had a population of 39,720 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 3,078 people (8.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 1,992 people (5.3%) since the 2006 census (the population decreased between the 2006 and 2013 censuses). There were 18,930 males and 20,793 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.91 males per female. Of the total population, 7,854 people (19.8%) were aged up to 15 years, 6,867 (17.3%) were 15 to 29, 16,551 (41.7%) were 30 to 64, and 8,445 (21.3%) were 65 or older.{{Cite web |title=Age and sex by ethnic group (grouped total response), for census usually resident population counts, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (urban rural areas) |url=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8318 |access-date=2020-09-13 |website=nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz}}

Ethnicities were 78.0% European/Pākehā, 27.2% Māori, 3.8% Pacific peoples, 4.5% Asian, and 1.7% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities).

In 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016, Whanganui was included in the world's Smart21 Intelligent Communities by the Intelligent Community Forum.{{cite web |url=https://www.intelligentcommunity.org/index.php?submenu=Awards&src=gendocs&ref=Smart21&category=Events |title=The Smart21 Communities |website=Intelligent Community Forum |access-date=1 April 2015}}

Whanganui has a strong industry base, with a history of niche manufacturing. Current businesses include Q-West Boat Builders, based at the Port who have built boats for customers from around New Zealand and the world and were awarded a contract in 2015 to build two 34-meter passenger ferries for Auckland ferry company Fullers.{{cite web |last1=Maslin |title=Boat Building Business Booms |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503426&objectid=10976162 |website=Wanganui Chronicle |access-date=1 April 2015}}{{cite web |url=http://www.crownfibre.govt.nz/2011/11/building-better-boats |title=Building better boats |website=Crown Fibre Holdings |access-date=1 April 2015}}{{cite news |last1=Maslin |first1=John |title=Pride of Wanganui heads to open water for first sea trial |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11323187 |access-date=1 April 2015 |agency=New Zealand Herald |issue=12 September 2014 |publisher=APN}}{{Cite web |title=At the Helm – Q-West's success story |url=http://m.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503426&objectid=11541568 |website=m.nzherald.co.nz |access-date=15 November 2015}} Pacific Helmets is another example of award-winning niche manufacturing in the district, winning a Silver Pin at the Best Design Awards in October 2015.{{Cite web |title=Helmet designed in Wanganui wins elite award |url=http://m.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503426&objectid=11527588 |website=m.nzherald.co.nz |access-date=15 November 2015}} Heads Road is Whanganui's main industrial area and is home to a number of manufacturing and engineering operations. The Wanganui Port, once the centre of industrial transport, still has some traffic but is more noted for the Q-West boat building operation there. F. Whitlock & Sons Ltd was a notable company, first established in 1902.{{cite news |title=Death of Mr F. Whitlock |url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=WC19080824.2.33 |access-date=12 January 2014 |work=Wanganui Chronicle |date=24 August 1908 |volume=L |issue=12145 |page=5}}

Much of Whanganui's economy relates directly to the fertile and prosperous farming hinterland near the town. Whanganui is well known for embracing the production of several new pear varieties, including the Crimson Gem.{{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503426&objectid=11092943 |title=New pear varieties going down a treat |work=The New Zealand Herald |access-date=11 April 2019}} In May 2016, it was reported that the majority of the Whanganui pear crop had been wiped out before the upcoming pear season.{{cite news |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11640342 |title=Disease ends orchard and jobs |date=18 May 2016 |via=New Zealand Herald |first=Laurel |last=Stowell |work=Wanganui Chronicle |access-date=17 January 2020}}

{{Main|Whanganui District}}

The Whanganui District covers {{cvt|2337|km2}}, the majority of which is hill country, with a narrow coastal strip of flat land and a major urban settlement on the lower banks of the Whanganui River. A large proportion of this is within the Whanganui National Park, established in 1986.

The region is known for its outstanding natural environment, with the Whanganui Awa (River) at its heart. It is the second-largest river in the North Island, the longest navigable waterway in the country, and runs for {{cvt|290|km}} from the heights of Mount Tongariro to Wanganui's coast and the Tasman Sea. Every bend and rapid of the river (there are 239 listed rapids) has a guardian, or kaitiaki, who maintains the mauri (life force) of that stretch of the river.

Whanganui hapū (sub-tribes) were renowned for their canoeing skills and maintained extensive networks of weirs and fishing traps along the River. Generations of river iwi have learned to use and protect this great taonga (treasure), and on 13 September 2012 the Whanganui River became the first river in the world to gain recognition as a legal identity.{{Cite web |date=28 March 2017 |title=Innovative bill protects Whanganui River with legal personhood |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/innovative-bill-protects-whanganui-river-with-legal-personhood/ |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}

Today the river and its surrounds are used for a number of recreational activities, including kayaking, jet boating, tramping, cycling and camping. A national cycleway has recently opened, which takes cyclists from the 'mountains to the sea'.

In the local government reorganisation of the 1980s, Wanganui District Council resulted from the amalgamation in 1989 of Wanganui County Council, most of Waitotara County Council, a small part of Stratford County Council, and Wanganui City Council. Hamish McDouall was elected mayor in the 2016 local government elections.{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503426&objectid=11725228 |title=ELECTION RESULTS – WHANGANUI |publisher=Wanganui Chronicle |date=8 October 2016 |access-date=9 October 2016}}

All but some {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Whanganui district|y}} |R}}-{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Whanganui|y}} |R}}}}}} people in the Whanganui District live in the township itself, meaning there are few prominent outlying settlements. A small but notable village is Jerusalem, which was home to Mother Mary Joseph Aubert and the poet James K. Baxter.

The Whanganui District is also home to other settlements with small populations, including Kaitoke, Upokongaro, Kai Iwi/Mowhanau, Aberfeldy, Westmere, Pākaraka, Marybank, Okoia and Fordell.

File:Whanganui opera house, New Zealand.jpg, March 1967. The building, one of New Zealand's last Victorian theatres, still stands today.]]

Whanganui has a strong cultural and recreational focus. Queen's Park (Pukenamu) in the central township has several cultural institutions, including the Sarjeant Gallery, the Whanganui Regional Museum, the Davis Library, the Alexander Heritage and Research Library, and the Whanganui War Memorial Centre. Whanganui is home to New Zealand's only glass school and is renowned for its glass art.

{{main|Sarjeant Gallery}}

File:Whanganui, New Zealand, Sarjeant Gallery (1).JPG, an art gallery.]]

There are more than 8,000 artworks{{cite web |last1=Martin |first1=Robin |title=Art gallery has one week to find $3.3m |url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/307133/art-gallery-has-one-week-to-find-$3-point-3m |website=RNZ |date=23 June 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016}} in the gallery, initially focused on 19th- and early 20th-century British and European art but, given the expansive terms of the will of benefactor Henry Sarjeant, the collection now spans the 16th century through to the 21st century. Among the collections are historic and modern works in all media – on paper, sculptures, pottery, ceramics and glass; bronze works; video art; and paintings by contemporary artists and old masters. The Gallery holds notable works by Edward Coley Burne-Jones, Domenico Piola, Frank Brangwyn, Bernardino Poccetti, Gaspard Dughet, William Richmond, William Etty, Lelio Orsi, Frederick Goodall, Augustus John and others. Its New Zealand holdings include six works by Wanganui artist Herbert Ivan Babbage and a major collection of works by the Whanganui-born Edith Collier.{{cite web |url=https://collection.sarjeant.org.nz/explore |title=Explore the Collection |publisher=Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui |access-date=17 January 2020}}

The Whanganui Regional Museum collection has been growing since the first items were displayed in Samuel Henry Drew's shop window in Victoria Avenue. It includes artwork by John Tiffin Stewart.

Potters have a long history of working in the area, such as Rick Rudd, Paul Rayner and Ivan Vostinar.{{Cite news |title=Busy pottering in Castlecliff |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/midweek/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503658&objectid=11403876 |work=The New Zealand Herald |date=18 February 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015 |issn=1170-0777 |language=en-NZ |first=Sarah |last=Williams}}{{Cite web |title=ZOO: Ivan Vostinar & Lorien Stern {{!}} The Big Idea {{!}} Te Aria Nui |url=http://www.thebigidea.co.nz/connect/events/2015/feb/160066-zoo-ivan-vostinar-lorien-stern |website=www.thebigidea.co.nz |access-date=15 November 2015}}

Local glass artists include Kathryn Wightman,{{Cite web |title=Clear-cut win for Whanganui glass artist {{!}} Scoop News |url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/ED1404/S00075/clear-cut-win-for-whanganui-glass-artist.htm |website=www.scoop.co.nz |access-date=2 February 2016}} Lisa Walsh,{{Cite web |title=NZ glass art student wins prestigious award {{!}} Creative New Zealand |url=http://www.creativenz.govt.nz/news/nz-glass-art-student-wins-prestigious-award |website=www.creativenz.govt.nz |access-date=2 February 2016}} and Claudia Borella.{{Cite web |title=Claudia Borella – 2007 Finalists – Ranamok |url=http://www.ranamok.com/finalists/finalist.cfm?cid=337 |website=www.ranamok.com |access-date=2 February 2016}}

A repertory group has been active in the town since 1933.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

Since 1994, The New Zealand Opera School has been hosted at Whanganui Collegiate School.{{cite web |date=2021 |title=New Zealand Opera School Campus |url=http://www.operaschool.org.nz/campus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128022440/http://www.operaschool.org.nz/campus |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=2 May 2021 |website=www.operaschool.org.nz}}{{cite news |date=2 January 2021 |title=New Zealand Opera School 2021 a strictly Kiwi affair |work=Whanganui Chronicle |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/new-zealand-opera-school-2021-a-strictly-kiwi-affair/TEILLZ2ZXAJNBBKP4FH62TGLHE/ |access-date=3 May 2021}}

File:War Memorial Tower Wanganui.jpg

Pukenamu–Queens Park in central Whanganui, formerly the hilltop location of the Rutland Stockade, is home to several iconic buildings. The Sarjeant Gallery, a Category I Historic Place,{{NZHPT|167|Sarjeant Gallery|3 June 2012}} was a bequest to the town by local farmer Henry Sarjeant, and opened in 1919. Since 2014, it has been in temporary premises on Taupo Quay while the heritage building is strengthened and redeveloped. The Whanganui Regional Museum (1928) and the Alexander Heritage and Research Library (1933) were both bequests of the Alexander family. The award-winning Whanganui War Memorial Hall (1960) is one of New Zealand's finest examples of modernist architecture.{{Cite web |url=http://www.whanganuilibrary.com/site/pages/heritage/queens-park-tour/war-memorial-hall.php |title=War Memorial Hall |website=Whanganui District Library |publisher=Whanganui District Council |access-date=12 April 2016}} Since 2021, UNESCO has designated Whanganui as a "Design City."{{cite news|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/ldr/455306/whanganui-becomes-nz-s-only-unesco-city-of-design|title=Whanganui becomes NZ’s only UNESCO City of Design|publisher=RNZ|date=9 November 2021}}

The Royal Whanganui Opera House is located in St Hill Street in central Whanganui.

Stewart House on the corner of Campbell and Plymouth Streets is now a private home, but it was formerly the Karitane Home and later a boarding residence for secondary school students. It was built for philanthropist John Tiffin Stewart and social activist Frances Ann Stewart.

There are two large towers overlooking Whanganui: the Durie Hill War Memorial Tower and the Bastia Hill Water Tower. The Durie Hill Tower is a World War I memorial, unveiled in 1926. Nearby is the Durie Hill Elevator (1919), which links the hilltop with Anzac Parade via a {{cvt|66|m|adj=on}} elevator and a {{cvt|200|m|adj=on}} tunnel. South of Whanganui is the Cameron Blockhouse.

File:Panorama Wanganui from Durie Hill, April 2012.JPG.]]Rotokawau Virginia Lake, located on St John's Hill, is a historic lake with a fountain, Art Deco conservatory and winter garden.{{Cite web |title=Rotokawau Virginia Lake |url=https://www.whanganui.govt.nz/Services-Amenities/Parks-Reserves/Find-a-Park/Rotokawau-Virginia-Lake |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=www.whanganui.govt.nz |language=en-AU}}

{{Main|Bason Botanic Gardens}}

These gardens are located {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} northwest from Whanganui and are set on {{convert|25|ha|abbr=on}} in a relatively frost-free environment.{{cite encyclopedia |title=Bason Botanic Gardens, Whanganui (3rd of 5) |encyclopedia=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |publisher=New Zealand Government|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/public-gardens/1/1/3 |access-date=2 March 2011 |last=Wassilieff |first=Maggy |date=1 March 2009}}{{cite news |date=16 October 2004 |title=Orchid award for Bason Botanic gardens |work=Wanganui Chronicle |url=http://www.wanganuichronicle.co.nz/local/news/orchid-award-for-bason-botanic-gardens/3601110/ |access-date=2 March 2011}} They were founded in 1966 by Stanley and Blanche Bason{{cite web |title=Gardens Open Taranaki |url=http://www.bestgardening.com/bgc/gardenopen/gdntaranaki.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108015717/http://www.bestgardening.com/bgc/gardenopen/gdntaranaki.htm |archive-date=8 January 2011 |access-date=3 March 2011 |work=Best Gardening |df=}} who gave their farm to the city council for the purpose of creating a botanical reserve.{{cite book |last=Flagler |first=Bette |url=https://archive.org/details/adventureguidene0000flag |title=Adventure Guide New Zealand |date=10 December 2004 |publisher=Hunter Publishing |isbn=978-1-58843-405-0 |pages= 161 |access-date=3 March 2011 |url-access=registration}} The gardens have six themed areas, including one of the most extensive public-garden orchid collections in the country, and have been rated as a Garden of Significance by the New Zealand Gardens Trust.

{{Main|Bushy Park (New Zealand)}}

Bushy Park is a lowland rainforest remnant of approximately {{convert|100|ha|abbr=on}} located {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} from Kai Iwi, north of Whanganui.{{cite web |title=Welcome |url=http://www.bushypark.co.nz/ |accessdate=4 March 2011 |publisher=Bushy Park Tarapuruhi}} It is a predator-free native bird sanctuary.{{cite web |title=Parks & Reserves |url=http://www.newzealand.com/travel/sights-activities/scenic-highlights/parks-reserves/scenic-highlight-details.cfm/businessid/63621.html |accessdate=4 March 2011 |publisher=New Zealand Tourism Board}}{{cite web |title=Bushy Park – a Wanganui Treasure |url=http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/kiwi-saving-kiwi/community-efforts/bushy-park.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522052032/http://www.savethekiwi.org.nz/kiwi-saving-kiwi/community-efforts/bushy-park.html |archivedate=22 May 2010 |accessdate=4 March 2011 |publisher= BNZ Save The Kiwi Trust}} The sanctuary is free to visit during daylight hours.{{Cite web |title=Bushy Park Tarapuruhi |url=https://www.whanganui.govt.nz/Services-Amenities/Parks-Reserves/Find-a-Park/Bushy-Park-Tarapuruhi |access-date=2023-10-20 |publisher=Whanganui District Council |language=en-AU}} The park also features an Edwardian-era homestead, which is a Category 1 heritage building registered with Heritage New Zealand.{{NZHPT|157|Bushy Park Homestead|3 August 2023}}

• Karitane Hospital
• Wanganui Orphanage
• Alma Gardens

• Richard Taylor was one of the early missionaries and travelled widely through the region.
• William Tyrone Power{{cite web |title=Power, W. Tyrone, (William Tyrone) (1819–1911) |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1247522?c=people |website=National Library of Australia}}
• Edward Jerningham Wakefield

• The Society of St Pius X's main base of operations in New Zealand is in Whanganui.

|}

The Wanganui Rugby Football Union is one of the oldest rugby unions in New Zealand.

Wanganui has never held the country's top trophy, the Ranfurly Shield.

On 10 August 1966, a combined Wanganui and King Country team beat the British and Irish Lions 12 points to 6 at Spriggens Park.

In 2008, the Wanganui representative rugby team, under the captaincy of David Gower, won the NZRFU's Heartland Championship Meads Cup by defeating Mid Canterbury 27–12 in the final. They had previously been the defeated finalist in 2006 and 2007. The 2008 side had an undefeated season – the first since 1947. The rugby squad, including coach and management, was accorded the honour of 'Freedom of the City' by the Whanganui District Council – the first time the award had been given to any sporting team.

The 2009 representative team repeated this feat by regaining the Meads Cup – again defeating Mid Canterbury in the final by 34 points to 13 (after trailing nil-13 at halftime). Unlike 2008, the 2009 team did some lose games (to Wellington, Wairarapa Bush and Mid Canterbury) but came good at the business end of the season. Ten Whanganui players were selected for the New Zealand Heartland XV.

The Wanganui rugby jersey, due to its resemblance, is known as the butcher's apron.{{cite journal |url=http://www.wanganui.govt.nz/news/commslink/issue324.asp |title=Unifying the image |publisher=Wanganui District Council |journal=Community Link |issue=324 |date=16 August 2007 |access-date=18 December 2011}}

The Whanganui environs have produced many All Blacks including:

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Moke Belliss (1920–23).
• John Blair (1897).
• George Bullock-Douglas (1932–34).
• Andrew Donald (1981–84).
• Keith Gudsell (1949). He also played three tests for the Wallabies.
• Andy Haden (1972–85).
• Peter Henderson (1949–50).
• John Hogan (1907). He also played for New Zealand at rugby league (1913) and was a national waterpolo champion.
• Peter Arthur Johns (1968).
• Peter McDonnell (1896).
• Alasdair "Sandy" McNicol (1973).
• Henare "Buff" Milner (1970).
• Peter Murray (1908).
• Bill Osborne (1975–82).
• Glen Osborne (1995–99).
• Waate "Pat" Potaka (1923).
• Harrison Rowley (1949).
• Peina Taituha also known as Taituha Peina Kingi (1923).
• Hector "Mona" Thomson (1905–08).

{{Div col end}}

Although from the Manawatu, 1987 Rugby World Cup winning All Black Captain David Kirk was a student at Wanganui Collegiate School.

Whanganui has several high-quality sporting venues including Cooks Gardens, a major sporting venue used for cricket, athletics and rugby. On 27 January 1962, a world record time of 3 minutes 54.4 seconds for running the mile was set by Peter Snell on the grass track at the gardens. The venue also has a world-class velodrome.

The Cemetery Circuit is a temporary motorcycle street racetrack in downtown Whanganui which passes through the old cemetery and industrial area near to the centre of town. The event is usually held on Boxing Day each year.

Rod Coleman was a Grand Prix motorcycle road racer.{{cite book |last1=Coleman |first1=Rod |title=Colemans of Wanganui The way we were. |year=2014 |publisher=H&A |location=Whanganui |isbn=978-0-473-31078-3}}

Earl Bamber was a racing driver and winner of the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans and 2014 Porsche Supercup.

The Wanganui Jockey Club operates at the Wanganui Racecourse, Purnell Street, where it has been since 1848, said to be the oldest racing club In New Zealand still operating on its original land.{{Cite web |url=https://loveracing.nz/RaceInfo/Clubs-And-Courses/55/Club.aspx |title=RaceInfo / LOVERACING.NZ}}

Important races held include the:

• Ag Challenge Stakes.
• H S Dyke Wanganui Guineas.
• Fillies Series.
• Wanganui Cup.

New Zealand Racing Hall of Fame and Australian Racing Hall of Fame jockey Brent Thomson was born and started his career in Wanganui.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503424&objectid=12287663 |title=Whanganui Sports Hall of Fame inductees announced}}

The Wanganui Trotting Club now holds meetings at the Palmerston North track.

Whanganui Airport is served by Air Chathams with flights to Auckland.{{cite web |title=Whanganui Schedule |url=http://www.airchathams.co.nz/Airline-Info/whanganui-schedule/ |access-date=13 August 2016 |website=Air Chathams}}{{cite web |date=1 August 2016 |title=Boost for Whanganui from Air Chathams service – mayor |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/309874/boost-for-whanganui-from-air-chathams-service-mayor |access-date=26 September 2018 |publisher=Radio New Zealand }}

Horizons Regional Council, under their Go! brand, contracts ten weekday urban bus routes within the city and a Saturday route which combines parts of four of the routes to serve the northern part of the city. From 18 February 2023 a 'frequent' (20-minute interval, except Sunday) bus links Castlecliff and Aramoho, though most routes are 2-hourly.{{Cite web |date=18 Feb 2023 |title=Bus timetable |url=https://www.horizons.govt.nz/HRC/media/Media/Bus-Route-Timetable/Whanganui-Timetable-Web.pdf |website=Horizons}} The regional council also runs commuter buses to Palmerston North, and monthly buses from Taihape. The services are all operated by Tranzit Group.{{cite web |title=General Bus Info |url=https://www.horizons.govt.nz/buses-transport/bus-fares-information |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926120725/https://www.horizons.govt.nz/buses-transport/bus-fares-information |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=26 September 2018 |publisher=Horizons Regional Council}} Go cards were replaced by Bee Cards in December 2019.{{Cite web |date=2020-07-18 |title=New bus ticket system finally rolls out in Manawatū, seven months behind schedule |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/manawatu-standard/news/300060343/new-bus-ticket-system-finally-rolls-out-in-manawat-seven-months-behind-schedule |access-date=2020-09-05 |website=Stuff |language=en}}

Whanganui had trams between Aramoho and Castlecliff from 1908 to 1950, when they were replaced by Greyhound buses.{{Cite web |date=15 Sep 2011 |title=Greyhound wins the Race. Whanganui Chronicle |url=https://www.pressreader.com/new-zealand/wanganui-chronicle/20110915/281608122158877 |access-date=2020-09-05 |via=PressReader}} Greyhound was taken over by Tranzit in 1995.{{Cite web |title=Greyhound Buses |url=http://nzrailwaysrollingstocklists.weebly.com/greyhound-buses.html |access-date=2020-09-05 |website=NZR Rolling Stock Lists |language=en}}

The township was also served by three stations and a passenger rail train running to New Plymouth until this was cancelled in July 1977. Today the line is used for freight.

The Wanganui-Rangitikei Electric Power Board was established in 1921 to supply the city and surrounding areas with electricity. The city was connected to Mangahao hydroelectric scheme on 23 April 1926, following the completion of the transmission line from Bunnythorpe to Whanganui and the Whanganui substation.{{Cite web |title=AtoJs Online — Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives — 1926 Session I — D-01 PUBLIC WORKS STATEMENT (BY THE HON. K. S. WILLIAMS, MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS). |url=https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1926-I.2.2.2.1&pg=101 |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=atojs.natlib.govt.nz}} The Energy Companies Act 1992 saw the power board corporatise and merge with the New Plymouth Municipal Electricity Department and the Taranaki Electric Power Board to become Powerco. Powerco sold its retail base to Genesis Energy as part of the 1998 electricity sector reforms and continued as an electricity distribution business.{{Cite web |title=Wanganui-Rangitikei Electric Power Board {{!}} Archives Central |url=https://archivescentral.org.nz/agents/corporate-body/wanganui-rangitikei-electric-power-board |access-date=2020-10-03 |website=archivescentral.org.nz}}{{Cite web |title=Electricity Distribution |url=https://www.powerco.co.nz/about-us/our-business/electricity-distribution/ |access-date=2020-10-03 |website=Powerco |language=en}}

File:Wanganui,_closeup_of_the_Wanganui_Public_Hospital.jpg

Whanganui was one of the original nine towns and cities in New Zealand to be supplied with natural gas when the Kapuni gas field entered production in 1970 and a 260 km high-pressure pipeline from Kapuni to Wellington via the city was completed. The high-pressure transmission pipelines supplying the city are now owned and operated by First Gas, with GasNet owning and operating the medium and low-pressure distribution pipelines within the city.{{cite web |date=December 2016 |title=The New Zealand Gas Story |url=http://gasindustry.co.nz/dmsdocument/5344 |access-date=13 February 2017 |publisher=Gas Industry Company |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202151245/http://gasindustry.co.nz/dmsdocument/5344 |url-status=dead}}

Whanganui was first supplied with piped gas in March 1879.{{Cite web |date=25 March 1879 |title=THE WANGANUI GAS WORKS. Wanganui Herald |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WH18790325.2.13 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz}} Coal was shipped from Greymouth, or Westport.{{Cite web |date=5 August 1950 |title=WEATHER MAY DELAY COLLIER WITH COAL FOR GAS WORKS Wanganui Chronicle |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WC19500805.2.23 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz}}

Whanganui had a mains water supply from Rotokawau Virginia Lake from 1876.{{Cite web |date=2 February 1876 |title=BOROUGH COUNCIL. Wanganui Herald |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WH18760202.2.8 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz}} From 1904 water was piped from the upper Okehu valley.{{Cite web |date=17 October 1904 |title=THE OKEHU WATER SUPPLY. Wanganui Chronicle |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WC19041017.2.39 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz}} In 1933 springs at Kai Iwi were used to supplement the supply.{{Cite web |date=17 May 1933 |title=CITY WATER SUPPLY Wanganui Chronicle |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WC19330517.2.90 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz}} Water now comes from artesian bores at Kai Iwi and Aramoho.{{Cite web |title=Drinking water |url=https://www.whanganui.govt.nz/Services-Amenities/Drinking-water |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=www.whanganui.govt.nz |language=en-AU}}

• Whanganui Collegiate School is in Liverpool Street, central Whanganui. It was founded by a land grant in 1852 by the Governor of New Zealand, Sir George Grey, to the Bishop of New Zealand, George Augustus Selwyn, for the purpose of establishing a school. It was originally a boys-only school, but in 1991 began admitting girls at senior levels and went fully co-educational in 1999. The school celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2004. The school amalgamated with St George's School in 2010. The combined schools provide primary education for day students on the St George campus, and secondary education for day and boarding students on the Collegiate campus.{{cite web |title=Headmaster's Welcome |url=http://www.collegiate.school.nz/main.cfm?id=6346 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014014542/http://www.collegiate.school.nz/main.cfm?id=6346 |archive-date=14 October 2008 |access-date=27 May 2010 |publisher=Wanganui Collegiate}} Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, spent two terms spanning 1982 and 1983 at the school as a junior master during his gap year.
• Whanganui City College is located in Ingestre Street, central Whanganui, and has had three names. Wanganui Technical College, established in 1911, became Wanganui Boys' College in 1964 and in 1994 it became Wanganui City College.{{cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Penny |title=Celebrating an Education |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-473-18434-6 |page=3}}
• Whanganui High School is in Purnell Street.
• Whanganui Girls' College is in Jones Street, Whanganui East, near the Dublin Street Bridge.
• Cullinane College is an integrated, co-educational college in Peat Street, Aramoho.
• St. Dominic's College is in York Street, Gonville.
• Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Te Atihaunui-A-Paparangi is in Anaua Street, Putiki.
• Te Kura o Kokohuia is in Matipo Street, Castlecliff.
• Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Tupoho is in Cross Street, Castlecliff.
• UCOL, Universal College of Learning, was founded in 1907 and was known as the Palmerston North Technical School. In 1971 it became the Palmerston North Technical Institute and in 1983 the Manawatu Polytechnic. At the time it specialised in trade apprenticeship courses, and in hobby, art, and craft classes, along with a range of night school programmes in business studies for working adults. UCOL expanded in January 2001 with the incorporation of the Wairarapa Regional Polytechnic and the integration of the Whanganui Regional Community Polytechnic on 1 April 2002.
• The Wanganui Regional Community Polytechnic is now called Whanganui UCOL and incorporates the Wanganui School of Design.

Whanganui has three local newspapers. Whanganui was the first town in the wider Wellington region to have its own newspaper, the Wanganui Record, which was first published in 1853.{{cite news |title=Wanganui Chronicle |publisher=National Library of New Zealand |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/wanganui-chronicle |access-date=12 April 2019 |via=Papers Past}} The Whanganui Chronicle, founded in 1856, is New Zealand's oldest newspaper, and has been a daily paper since 1871. Its rival from the 1860s onward was the Evening Herald (later the Wanganui Herald), founded by John Ballance. Initially, the production of the Wanganui Chronicle was held back by a lack of equipment, meaning the first issue, dated 18 September 1856, was produced on a makeshift press, made by staff and pupils at the local industrial school. Shortly afterwards, the founder, Henry Stokes, imported a press from Sydney. The two daily papers joined in the 1970s, and in 1986 the Herald became a free weekly, later renamed the Wanganui Midweek. The River City Press is the other free weekly paper.

Whanganui is served by 25 radio stations: 22 on FM and three on AM. In 1996, Whanganui briefly rose to international infamy when a man who claimed to be carrying a bomb held local radio station Star FM (now More FM Whanganui) hostage and demanded that the station broadcast The Muppets song "The Rainbow Connection" for 12 hours.{{cite news |date=22 March 1996 |title=Man Takes Hostage, Wants Muppet Song Played For 12 Hours |publisher=Associated Press |url=https://www.apnews.com/f408e5868a217a29c051221486d2be61 |access-date=17 January 2020}}

Television coverage reached Whanganui in 1963, after the Wharite Peak transmitter near Palmerston North was commissioned to relay Wellington's WNTV1 channel.{{cite news |date=28 June 1967 |title=Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) |publisher=New Zealand Parliament |volume=351 |page=1394}} Due to terrain blocking the Wharite signal to parts of the city, coverage was supplemented by a translator at Mount Jowett in Aramoho. Today, digital terrestrial television (Freeview) is available in the city from both Wharite and Mount Jowett.{{Cite web |title=Coverage Maps |url=https://www.freeviewnz.tv/faq-library/about-digital-tv/coverage-maps/ |access-date=2020-11-06 |website=Freeview |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=City gears up for digital TV changeover |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/city-gears-up-for-digital-tv-changeover/OPUEBTJT2AJCJLPHVZO5VJPFXE/ |access-date=2020-11-06 |work=The New Zealand Herald |language=en-NZ}}

==Notable people==

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Israel Adesanya (born 1989), mixed martial artist
• Sister Mary Joseph Aubert (1835–1926), founder of Our Lady of Compassion at Jerusalem
• Harriet Austin (born 1988), rower who rowed 200 miles across the Mediterranean{{cite news |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11899599 |title=Kate and Harriet Austin recount rowing 200 miles across the Mediterranean |first=Emma |last=Russell |work=Wanganui Chronicle |date=8 August 2017 |access-date=17 January 2020}}
• Ellen Ballance (1846–1935), suffragist and community worker
• John Ballance (1839–1893), politician and businessman
• Earl Bamber, racing driver
• Airini Beautrais, poet
• Annie Maude Blackett, librarian
• Ruka Broughton (1940–1986), tohunga, Anglican priest and university lecturer
• John Bryce, politician
• Brit Bunkley, artist
• Paul Callaghan, physicist
• Edith Collier, artist
• Nathan Dahlberg, racing cyclist and team manager
• Johnny Devlin, musician
• Samuel Henry Drew, jeweller and founder of the Whanganui Regional Museum
• Dave Feickert, international mines safety advisor
• Henry Augustus Field, surveyor
• Janet Gillies, nurse
• Peter Gordon, International chef and restaurant owner
• Michael Laws, former mayor
• Douglas Lilburn, composer
• Te Mamaku, Māori chief
• Pura McGregor, community leader
• Robert Martin, disability rights activist
• Jerry Mateparae, former Chief of the New Zealand Defence Force and Governor General of New Zealand
• Christodoulos Moisa, poet, writer, and art teacher
• Peter Nicholls, sculptor
• Anne Noble, photographer
• Ray O'Leary, comedian
• Simon Owen, professional golfer, the 1976 International Double Diamond individual golf champion and winner of 17 tournaments around the world
• Brian Perkins, broadcaster and musician
• Victoria Ransom, software entrepreneur
• Paul Rayner, artist
• Iriaka Rātana, first woman to represent Māori in New Zealand parliament
• Herbert Reeve, Vicar of Wanganui 1911 to 1924
• Helen Rockel, painter
• Henry Sarjeant, farmer and benefactor of the Sarjeant Art Gallery
• Tim Seifert, cricketer
• Maxwell James Grant Smart, farmer, museum director, historian, archaeologist and writer
• Frances Ann Stewart, social activist
• John Tiffin Stewart, engineer, artist and philanthropist
• Brian Talboys, politician
• Richard Taylor, early missionary at Putiki
• James Allen Ward, Victoria Cross recipient
• Emily White, gardener and writer
• Jane Winstone, aviator

{{Div col end}}

{{SisterCities|Whanganui|two}}

• {{flagicon|AUS}} Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia since 1983
• {{flagicon|JPN}} Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan{{cite web |url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=23&n=Aichi%20Prefecture |title=International Exchange |work=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures |publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR) |access-date=21 November 2015}} since 1988

The Wanganui District Council decided in 2008 to formally end its sister city relationship with Reno, Nevada, United States, after years of inactivity.{{cite news |url=http://www.wanganuichronicle.co.nz/localnews/storydisplay.cfm?storyid=3795366 |title=Laws questions value of sister city relationship |work=Wanganui Chronicle |date=26 February 2009 |last=Wood |first=Simon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716235447/http://www.wanganuichronicle.co.nz/localnews/storydisplay.cfm?storyid=3795366 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2011}} The relationship was parodied on "The Prefect of Wanganui" episode of Reno 911!.

Glasgow St Dairy, Whanganui.jpg|Glasgow Street Dairy

Whanganui River boat and swimmers.jpg|Whanganui River mouth, boat and swimmers

Surfer at Castlecliff Beach.jpg|Surfer at Castlecliff Beach

Whanganui, New Zealand (1).JPG|Beach, Whanganui

Waimarie and rowers.jpg|Waimarie paddle steamer and rowers on the Whanganui River

South Mole Whanganui.jpg|Fishers at South Mole

Whanganui Musicians Club.jpg|Whanganui Musicians Club at the Old Savage Club

Along the River Road by Jacqui McGowan.jpg|Along the river road

Peter Jonston Hiruhama.jpg|Upriver near Jerusalem (Hiruharama)

River Life by Stuart Macintosh.jpg|River scene

Hydroplanes by Jono Gribble.jpg|Hydroplanes on the river

Fragile River by Stuart Mackintosh.jpg|Fragile river

Rowers by Jono Gribble.jpg|Rowers on the river

Royal Wanganui Opera House.jpg|The Royal Wanganui Opera House in 2013

Whanganui at night.jpg|From Durie Hill at night

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Whanganui}}

{{Wikivoyage|Wanganui}}

• {{Official website}}
• [http://gigapan.org/gigapans/63815/ Gigapan image: Whanganui City and River, 1 Nov 2010]
• [http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/whanganui Whanganui] in Te Ara: the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
• Video on the [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nqB9huDVMpM correct pronunciation of Whanganui]

{{Whanganui}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Populated places in Manawatū-Whanganui

Category:Port cities in New Zealand

Category:Whanganui River

Category:Geographical naming disputes

Category:Settlements on the Whanganui River