Wikipedia:Main Page history/2016 July 25

The 1880 Democratic National Convention met June 22–24, 1880, at the Music Hall (pictured) in Cincinnati, Ohio, nominating Winfield S. Hancock of Pennsylvania for president and William H. English of Indiana for vice president. Six men were officially candidates for nomination at the convention, and several more received votes. The two leading candidates were Hancock and Thomas F. Bayard, a conservative senator from Delaware. Many Democrats believed that Samuel J. Tilden of New York had been unjustly deprived of the presidency in 1876 and hoped to rally around him in the 1880 campaign, but his intentions were unclear. The first round of balloting was inconclusive. After learning of Tilden's withdrawal before the second round of balloting, the delegates flocked to Hancock, a career soldier and Civil War hero, who was nominated. English, a conservative from a swing state, was nominated for vice president. Hancock and English were narrowly defeated by Republicans James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur that autumn. (Full article...)

• ... that the Châteauesque design of the North Philadelphia station (pictured) ushered in the use of Beaux-Arts architecture in railway stations in the United States?
• ... that soybeans helped Argentine president Eduardo Duhalde resolve an economic crisis?
• ... that in part of their range, male Leptodactylus podicipinus frogs have been observed to make foam nests in water-filled depressions they may have dug beside ponds?
• ... that Harold D. Richardson is still recognized as the tenth president of Arizona State University, though he served in an acting capacity?
• ... that the Roma fairy tale "The Creation of the Violin" features a fairy queen who uses the power of music to make people happy or sad?
• ... that Manuel Clouthier Carrillo was the only deputy elected as an independent to the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress?
• ... that Smart Connect Interchange is the largest cloverleaf interchange in the Philippines?

• ISIL suicide bombers attack a peaceful protest in Kabul, Afghanistan, killing at least 80 people and injuring 260.
• In athletics, American sprinter Kendra Harrison breaks the 28-year-old 100 metres hurdles world record at the London Grand Prix.
• A gunman opens fire near a shopping mall in Munich, Germany, killing 9 people and injuring 27.
• The Turkish government purges tens of thousands of alleged Gülenists following an unsuccessful coup that killed at least 290 people.
• In golf, Henrik Stenson (pictured) wins the Open Championship.

July 25: World Youth Day 2016 begins; Commonwealth Constitution Day in Puerto Rico (1952)

• 306 – Constantine the Great was proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops after the death of Constantius Chlorus.
• 1814 – War of 1812: In present-day Niagara Falls, Ontario, the United States and Great Britain engaged in Battle of Lundy's Lane, one of the deadliest ever fought on Canadian soil.
• 1893 – The Corinth Canal (pictured), which bisects the narrow Isthmus of Corinth, was formally opened, connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Aegean Sea's Saronic Gulf.
• 1978 – Two Puerto Rican pro-independence activists were killed in a police ambush at Cerro Maravilla in Ponce.
• 2000 – Air France Concorde Flight 4590, en route from Paris to New York City, crashed in Gonesse, France, killing all 100 passengers and nine crew members, as well as four people on the ground.

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Glassy carbon is a non-graphitizing, or nongraphitizable, carbon which combines glassy and ceramic properties with those of graphite. The most important properties are high temperature resistance, hardness (7 Mohs), low density, low electrical resistance, low friction, low thermal resistance, extreme resistance to chemical attack and impermeability to gases and liquids. Glassy carbon is widely used as an electrode material in electrochemistry, as well as for high temperature crucibles and as a component of some prosthetic devices, and can be fabricated as different shapes, sizes and sections.

Photograph: Heinrich Pniok