Williams FW04

The car was designed by former McLaren designer Ray Stokoe. Frank Williams took the decision to build his own chassis design for the first time; as a result, the FW04 was the first completely independently developed car to carry the Williams name.{{Cite web|url=https://drivetribe.com/p/williams-fw04-williams-begins-eCBCcCUuSRiFRiLtxHilrQ|title=WILLIAMS FW04: WILLIAMS BEGINS|first=Andrea|last=Ventura|date=10 May 2019|website=DriveTribe|access-date=8 December 2019}} Prior entries had either been customer cars or designed by an external company. However the new design was an evolution of the previous Williams FW chassis.{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsportweek.com/joesaward/id/00364|title=JBF1: Fascinating F1 Facts: 10|first=Joe|last=Saward|website=Joe Blogs F1|access-date=29 November 2019}} The FW suffered from excessive bodyroll. As a result, the new car was considerably narrower and more streamlined than its predecessor and had its radiators and fuel tanks repositioned for better aerodynamic performance and handling over the earlier car.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oldracingcars.com/williams/fw04/|title=Williams FW04 car-by-car histories|first=Allen|last=Brown|website=OldRacingCars.com|date=15 March 2019 |access-date=28 November 2019}} Fina were signed as major sponsors with additional funds from a Swiss finance company, Ambrosium.{{Cite web|url=https://forums.autosport.com/topic/213893-what-was-ambrozium-h7/|title=What was Ambrozium H7? - The Nostalgia Forum|website=The Autosport Forums|access-date=8 December 2019}} Most significantly, Williams hired a young engineer for the new season. His name was Patrick Head, who would become one of the driving forces of the team in the years to come.{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-2015/72/lunch-sir-frank-williams|title=Lunch with... Sir Frank Williams|date=22 September 2015|website=Motor Sport Magazine|access-date=18 December 2019}} The FW04 suffered from overheating issues and fuel pick up problems, so Head redesigned both systems at short notice, which greatly improved performance.{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/april-2011/29/patrick-head|title=Patrick Head|date=7 July 2014|website=Motor Sport Magazine|access-date=20 December 2019}}

The new Williams appeared partway into the 1975 season. While Jacques Laffite liked it, Arturo Merzario did not rate the car at all, preferring to drive the old FW.{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/march-2011/66/return-marlboro-man|title=Return of the Marlboro Man|date=7 July 2014|website=Motor Sport Magazine|access-date=13 December 2019}} Although the FW04 was not particularly competitive, the 1975 German Grand Prix saw the car's best finish. A race of attrition benefitted Laffite and he brought the car home second for Frank Williams' best ever result to that point.{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/september-1975/26/german-grand-prix-reality|title=The German Grand Prix-Reality | Motor Sport Magazine Archive|date=7 July 2014|website=Motor Sport Magazine|access-date=29 November 2019}} The timing was financially good as it kept the cash strapped outfit solvent, although it would be the team's only finish in the points all season.{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/september-1983/57/grand-prix-feature-jacques-laffite|title=Grand Prix Feature: Jacques Laffite | Motor Sport Magazine Archive|date=7 July 2014|website=Motor Sport Magazine|access-date=29 November 2019}} Money was so tight that Williams was forced to buy second hand spares from other teams. The nose of the FW04 came from the Hesketh 308.{{cite web |url=https://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/race_drivers_frank_williams|title=Frank Williams|first=Graham|last=Robson|date=9 October 2015|publisher=Veloce Publishing Ltd|via=Google Books|access-date=2 December 2019}}

In 1976, both FW04s were sold to Australian driver Brian McGuire, who raced them in the Shellsport International Series, winning one round at Thruxton. He also made modifications to the cars and renamed them the McGuire BM1. McGuire was killed in one of these cars at Brands Hatch in August 1977.{{Cite web|url=https://peter.bryan.org.nz/2003/01/01/racing-mechanic-for-brian-mcguire/|title=My Years as a Racing Mechanic for Brian McGuire 1974 – 1977 and part of Alan Carter's Rally Team 1977 – 1978 | peter.bryan.org.nz|access-date=2 December 2019}}

For the first three races of the 1975 season, Frank Williams Racing Cars were still using the FW, and the new FW04 was not ready until the 1975 Spanish Grand Prix. Only one car was built at first, and it was raced alongside the older FW03 throughout the rest of the season. Williams was operating on a low budget and was occasionally even forced to buy used tyres from other teams.{{cite book|last=Hodges|first=David|title=A–Z of Grand Prix Cars|year=2001|publisher=Crowood|location=Ramsbury, Wiltshire|isbn=1861263392|pages=240}}

On its debut in Spain, the FW04 was driven by Italian Arturo Merzario with young British driver Tony Brise in the FW03 on a one-race deal. Brise outqualified Merzario (18th and 25th) and Merzario withdrew from the race protesting that the barriers at the Montjuich circuit were not bolted together properly. Later Rolf Stommelen's rear wing failed and he crashed into the crowd, killing five people. Brise finished seventh.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr254.html |title=Grand Prix results, Spanish GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} In Monaco, Jacques Laffite returned to the team to take Brise's place, and the Frenchman drove the FW04 with Merzario in the FW03. Neither driver qualified for the race, as they were classified 19th (Laffite) and 20th (Merzario) and only 18 cars were permitted to start the race.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr255.html |title=Grand Prix results, Monaco GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} At the Belgian Grand Prix, Laffite qualified 17th in the FW04 but retired from the race with gearbox failure.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr256.html |title=Grand Prix results, Belgian GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} In Sweden, Laffite was absent again as he was driving in Formula Two, and Merzario had left the team, so Damien Magee and Ian Scheckter were brought in to replace them. Scheckter started 20th in the FW04 but crashed out of the race after a tyre failure.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr257.html |title=Grand Prix results, Swedish GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}}

Laffite drove the FW04 for the rest of the season while the FW03 was driven by a string of drivers on short deals. At the Dutch Grand Prix, Laffite started 15th but retired with engine failure,{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr258.html |title=Grand Prix results, Dutch GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} although in France he qualified 16th and finished 11th, the first race finish for the FW04.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr259.html |title=Grand Prix results, French GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} At the British Grand Prix, Laffite qualified 19th and retired early in the race with another gearbox failure.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr260.html |title=Grand Prix results, British GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}}

The team's fortunes improved at the German Grand Prix, although Laffite qualified down in 15th. During the race several cars dropped out through mechanical failures and accidents, while others suffered punctures and were delayed. Laffite was able to finish second after overtaking Tom Pryce near the end, earning six World Championship points for the team.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr261.html |title=Grand Prix results, German GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} However, in Austria, Laffite qualified 12th but dropped out of the race with handling problems.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr262.html |title=Grand Prix results, Austrian GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} Laffite also drove the FW04 in the non-championship Swiss Grand Prix, starting 13th and finishing tenth,{{cite web|url=http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/archive/f1/nc/1975/1975.html#ch |title=1975 Swiss Grand Prix |access-date=9 January 2016 |publisher=Silhouet}} and another gearbox failure ended his Italian Grand Prix after starting down in 18th.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr263.html |title=Grand Prix results, Italian GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}}

By the time of the season-ending US Grand Prix, a second FW04 had been built, although both cars failed to start. Laffite had qualified 21st but was unfit to race, while Italian Lella Lombardi suffered ignition problems in the new FW04 (chassis "02") and was unable to start having qualified 24th.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr264.html |title=Grand Prix results, US GP 1975 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} Williams finished the season in ninth place in the Constructors' Championship with six points, and all had been scored by Laffite in the FW04 in Germany.

At the start of the 1976 season, Canadian oil millionaire Walter Wolf bought 60% of Frank Williams Racing Cars and the team became Wolf–Williams Racing. However, Frank Williams was retained as team manager. The team inherited the 308C car used by Hesketh Racing during the final races of 1975, rebranding it as the Wolf–Williams FW05. The FW04 was similarly rebranded as the Wolf–Williams FW04, although it was only used in the opening race of the season, the 1976 Brazilian Grand Prix. Laffite had left the team and two new drivers were brought in; Renzo Zorzi drove the FW04 (chassis "01"), outqualifying Jacky Ickx in the FW05 (17th and 19th), and both cars finished the race with Ickx eighth and Zorzi ninth.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr265.html |title=Grand Prix results, Brazilian GP 1976 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} After this race, Wolf–Williams had two FW05s at their disposal and so the FW04 was put aside. Chassis "01" was then sold to Australian driver Brian McGuire.

McGuire entered his FW04 in the 1976 Shellsport International Series, finishing third in Round 6 at Brands Hatch before winning Round 10 at Thruxton. McGuire started from pole position and secured the fastest lap of the race on his way to victory, the first time a Williams car had managed any of these feats.{{cite web |url=http://www.historicracing.com/driver_az.cfm?type=drivers_alpha&tStartRow=1&AlphaIndex=M&driverID=1718 |title=Brian McGuire |access-date=9 January 2016 |publisher=historicracing.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125204558/http://www.historicracing.com/driver_az.cfm?type=drivers_alpha&tStartRow=1&AlphaIndex=M&driverID=1718 |archive-date=25 January 2016 }} He eventually finished eighth in the Championship standings.{{cite web|url=http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/archive/f1/shellsport/76shell.html |title=1976 Shellsport International Series |access-date=9 January 2016 |publisher=Silhouet}}

He also entered the car in the 1976 BRDC International Trophy in April, qualifying last and being black-flagged in the race after losing oil on the circuit.{{cite web|url=http://www.chicanef1.com/race.pl?year=1976&gp=BRDC%20International%20Trophy&r=1&type=res |title=1976 BRDC International Trophy |access-date=9 January 2016 |publisher=Chicane F1}}

McGuire's FW04 also appeared at the 1976 Spanish Grand Prix in early May, driven by local driver Emilio Zapico, entered under the Mapfre–Williams team name.{{cite web|url=http://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/june-1976/40/notes-cars-jarama |title=Notes on the cars at Jarama |date=June 1976 |access-date=9 January 2016 |publisher=Motor Sport}} With only 24 cars permitted to start the race, Zapico qualified 27th and so missed out.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr268.html |title=Grand Prix results, Spanish GP 1976 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}}

In July, McGuire attempted to enter the 1976 British Grand Prix but was denied entry by the race organisers.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr273.html |title=Grand Prix results, British GP 1976 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}} He subsequently bought the second FW04 from Wolf–Williams, the car that Lella Lombardi had driven at the 1975 United States Grand Prix,{{cite web|url=http://8w.forix.com/williams.html |title=From Rags to Riches |access-date=9 January 2016 |publisher=8W – FORIX/Autosport}} while continuing to run chassis "01" in the Shellsport Series.

For 1977, McGuire modified his FW04s and renamed them as McGuire BM1s. Entering chassis "01" in the first four rounds of the 1977 Shellsport International Series, he failed to finish a race, dropping out very early in all of them. Switching to chassis "02", he fared little better with more early retirements before a fifth-place finish in Round 8 at Oulton Park on 9 July.{{cite web|url=http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/archive/f1/shellsport/77shell.html |title=1977 Shellsport International Series |access-date=9 January 2016 |publisher=Silhouet}}

He then entered chassis "01" in the 1977 British Grand Prix and this time was allowed to take part, but he failed to progress beyond the special pre-qualifying session.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr290.html |title=Grand Prix results, British GP 1977 |access-date=9 January 2016 |website=grandprix.com}}

Returning to the Shellsport Series with chassis "02", he suffered another early retirement in Round 10 before competing at Brands Hatch in Round 11 at the end of August. During a practice run for this race, the FW04 / BM1 left the track and hit the barriers, killing McGuire and a fire marshal.

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Category:Williams Formula One cars