Windows 10 Mobile#Project Astoria

Microsoft had already begun the process of unifying the Windows platform across device classes in 2012; Windows Phone 8 dropped the Windows CE-based architecture of its predecessor, Windows Phone 7,{{cite web|title=Windows Phone 7 based on a hybrid Windows CE 6 / Compact 7 kernel?|url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/05/04/windows-phone-7-based-on-a-hybrid-windows-ce-6-compact-7-kerne/|website=Engadget|date=May 4, 2010 |publisher=AOL|access-date=February 9, 2015}} for a platform built upon the NT kernel that shared much of the same architecture with its PC counterpart Windows 8 including file system (NTFS), networking stack, security elements, graphics engine (DirectX), device driver framework and hardware abstraction layer.{{cite web|title=Windows Phone 8 and Windows 8 share lots of code, NT kernel|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/06/20/windows-phone-8-and-windows-8-share-lots-of-code-nt-kernel/|website=Engadget|date=June 20, 2012 |publisher=AOL|access-date=February 9, 2015}}{{cite web|title=Microsoft's Windows Phone 8 finally gets a 'real' Windows core|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-windows-phone-8-finally-gets-a-real-windows-core/|website=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=February 9, 2015}} At Build 2014, Microsoft also unveiled the concept of Universal Windows Apps. With the addition of Windows Runtime support to these platforms, apps created for Windows 8.1 could now be ported to Windows Phone 8.1 and Xbox One while sharing a common codebase with their PC counterparts. User data and licenses for an app could also be shared between multiple platforms.{{cite web|title=Microsoft's universal Windows apps run on tablets, phones, Xbox, and PCs |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2138625/microsoft-introduces-universal-apps-that-scale-across-phones-tablets-and-pcs.html|work=PC World |publisher=IDG|access-date=April 5, 2014}}

In July 2014, Microsoft's then-new CEO Satya Nadella explained that the company was planning to "streamline the next version of Windows from three operating systems into one single converged operating system for screens of all sizes", unifying Windows, Windows Phone, and Windows Embedded around a common architecture and a unified application ecosystem. However, Nadella stated that these internal changes would not have any effect on how the operating systems are marketed and sold.{{cite web|title=Nadella Raises Eyebrows With Plans to 'Streamline' Windows|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2461253,00.asp|website=PC Magazine|date=July 23, 2014 |access-date=October 1, 2014}}{{cite web|title=Why did Microsoft choose Windows 10 instead of Windows 9? |url=http://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/why-did-microsoft-choose-windows-10-instead-of-windows-9--1267366|website=Techradar|date=September 30, 2014|access-date=September 30, 2014}}

On September 30, 2014, Microsoft unveiled Windows 10; Terry Myerson explained that Windows 10 would be Microsoft's "most comprehensive platform ever", promoting plans to provide a "unified" platform for desktop computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and all-in-one devices.{{cite web|title=Microsoft reveals Windows 10|url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/brierdudley/2014/09/29/microsoft-previews-windows-9/|website=Seattle Times|access-date=September 30, 2014|archive-date=September 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930232105/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/brierdudley/2014/09/29/microsoft-previews-windows-9/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url = http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2014/09/30/microsoft_windows_10_operating_system_windows_8_was_so_bad_it_s_skipping.html|title = Windows 8 Was So Bad That Microsoft Is Skipping Windows 9 |date = September 30, 2014|access-date = September 30, 2014|website = Slate|last = Oremus|first = Will}} Windows 10 on phones was publicly unveiled during the Windows 10: The Next Chapter press event on January 21, 2015; unlike previous Windows Phone versions, it would also expand the platform's focus to small, ARM-based tablets. Microsoft's previous attempt at an operating system for ARM-based tablets, Windows RT (which was based upon the PC version of Windows 8), was commercially unsuccessful.{{cite web|title=Microsoft has 'tailored' version of Windows 10 for phones, tablets|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-has-tailored-version-of-windows-10-for-phones-tablets/|website=CNET|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=January 23, 2015}}

During the 2015 Build keynote, Microsoft announced the middleware toolkit "Islandwood", later known as Windows Bridge for iOS, which provides a toolchain that can assist developers in porting Objective-C software (primarily iOS projects) to build as Universal Windows Apps.{{cite web|title=Microsoft confirms: Android-on-Windows Astoria tech is gone|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/02/microsoft-confirms-android-on-windows-astoria-tech-is-gone/|website=Ars Technica|date=February 25, 2016|access-date=February 25, 2016}}{{cite web|title=Microsoft releases iOS-to-Windows app maker Windows Bridge to open source|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2960526/software-development/microsoft-releases-ios-to-windows-app-maker-windows-bridge-to-open-source.html|website=PC World|publisher=IDG|access-date=August 6, 2015}} An early build of Windows Bridge for iOS was released as open-source software under the MIT License on August 6, 2015.{{cite web|title=Windows Bridge for iOS|url=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/bridges/ios|website=MSDN|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=January 16, 2018}} Visual Studio 2015 can also convert Xcode projects into Visual Studio projects.{{cite web|title=Microsoft Demonstrates Android and iOS Applications Running On Windows 10|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9205/microsoft-demonstrates-android-and-ios-applications-running-on-windows-10|website=Anandtech|publisher=Purch Inc.|access-date=April 30, 2015}}{{cite web|title=Everything you need to know about porting Android and iOS apps to Windows 10|url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/05/01/everything-you-need-to-know-about-porting-android-and-ios-apps-to-windows-10/|website=VentureBeat|date=May 2015|access-date=May 1, 2015}} Microsoft also announced plans for a toolkit codenamed "Centennial", which would allow desktop Windows software using Win32 APIs to be ported to Windows 10 Mobile.

{{Main|Windows Bridge for Android}}

{{See also|Windows Subsystem for Android}}

At Build, Microsoft had also announced an Android runtime environment for Windows 10 Mobile known as "Astoria", which would allow Android apps to run in an emulated environment with minimal changes, and have access to Microsoft platform APIs such as Bing Maps and Xbox Live as nearly drop-in replacements for equivalent Google Mobile Services. Google Mobile Services and certain core APIs would not be available, and apps with "deep integration into background tasks" were said to poorly support the environment.{{cite web|title=How will Android support work in Windows 10 for Phones?|url=http://www.techradar.com/us/news/software/applications/how-will-android-support-work-in-windows-10-mobile--1293295|website=TechRadar Pro|access-date=May 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519175925/http://www.techradar.com/us/news/software/applications/how-will-android-support-work-in-windows-10-mobile--1293295|archive-date=May 19, 2015|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Microsoft brings Android, iOS apps to Windows 10|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/04/microsoft-brings-android-ios-apps-to-windows-10/|website=Ars Technica|date=April 29, 2015|access-date=April 30, 2015}}

On February 25, 2016, after already having delayed it in November 2015,{{cite web|title=Microsoft might not bring Android apps to Windows after all|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/11/16/9742338/microsoft-android-apps-on-windows-on-hold|website=The Verge|date=November 16, 2015|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=November 16, 2015}}{{cite web|title = Microsoft presses pause on tool for porting Android apps to Windows 10|url = http://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-presses-pause-on-tool-for-porting-android-apps-to-windows-10/|website = CNET|publisher = CBS Interactive|first = Katie|last = Collins|date = November 16, 2015}} Microsoft announced that "Astoria" would be shelved, arguing that it was redundant to the native Windows Bridge toolkit since iOS is already a primary target for mobile app development. The company also encouraged use of products from Xamarin (which they had acquired the previous day) for multi-platform app development using C# programming language instead.{{cite web|title=Microsoft confirms: Android-on-Windows Astoria tech is gone|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/02/microsoft-confirms-android-on-windows-astoria-tech-is-gone/|website=Ars Technica|date=February 25, 2016|publisher=Conde Nast|access-date=February 25, 2016}}{{cite web|title=An Update on the Developer Opportunity and Windows 10|url=https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2016/02/25/an-update-on-the-developer-opportunity-and-windows-10/|website=Building Apps for Windows blog|date=February 25, 2016|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=February 25, 2016}} Portions of Astoria were used as a basis for the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) platform on the PC version of Windows 10.{{cite web|last1=Bright|first1=Peter|title=Why Microsoft needed to make Windows run Linux software|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/04/why-microsoft-needed-to-make-windows-run-linux-software/|website=Ars Technica|publisher=Condé Nast|date=April 6, 2016}}

To promote it as being unified with its desktop equivalent, Microsoft promoted the operating system as being an edition of Windows 10. Microsoft had begun to phase out specific references to the Windows Phone brand in its advertising in mid-2014, but critics have still considered the operating system to be an iteration and continuation of Windows Phone due to its lineage and similar overall functionality. Microsoft referred to the OS as "Windows 10 for phones and small tablets" during its unveiling,{{cite web|title=Our first look at Windows 10 on phones, and Universal Apps for touchscreens|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/01/our-first-look-at-windows-10-on-phones-and-universal-apps-for-touchscreens/|website=Ars Technica|date=January 21, 2015|publisher=Condé Nast|access-date=January 23, 2015}} and leaked screenshots from a Technical Preview build identified the operating system as "Windows 10 Mobile".{{cite web|last1=Savov|first1=Vlad|title=Windows 10 makes its phone debut|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/21/7865923/microsoft-windows-10-mobile-os|website=The Verge|date=January 21, 2015|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=January 21, 2015}}{{cite web|title=Microsoft is killing the Nokia and Windows Phone brands|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/9/10/6131695/microsoft-is-killing-the-nokia-and-windows-phone-brands|website=The Verge|date=September 10, 2014|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=January 30, 2015}}{{cite web|title=Windows Phone 10 to be called just Windows 10|url=http://www.gsmarena.com/windows_mobile_10_or_just_windows_10-news-10836.php|website=GSMArena|access-date=January 21, 2015}} The technical preview was officially called the "Windows 10 Technical Preview for phones",{{cite web|last=Surur|first=Suril|title=Technical Preview on any WP8 handset with a microSD card slot|url=http://wmpoweruser.com/hack-promises-let-installl-windows-10-mobile-technical-preview-wp8-handset-microsd-card-slot/|work=WMPowerUser|date=February 13, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2015|archive-date=August 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829165721/http://wmpoweruser.com/hack-promises-let-installl-windows-10-mobile-technical-preview-wp8-handset-microsd-card-slot/|url-status=dead}} while the user agent of Microsoft Edge [Legacy] contained a reference to "Windows Phone 10".{{cite web|title=User-agent string changes|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh869301%28v=vs.85%29.aspx|website=microsoft.com|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=October 1, 2015}}

On May 13, 2015, Microsoft officially confirmed the platform would be known as Windows 10 Mobile.{{cite web|last=Viswav|first=Pradeep|title=It's Official: The Next Version Of Windows Phone OS Will Be Called Windows 10 Mobile|url=http://wmpoweruser.com/its-official-the-next-version-of-windows-phone-will-be-called-windows-10-mobile/|work=Windows Mobile PowerUser|publisher=Mobile First Network|date=May 13, 2015|access-date=May 13, 2015|archive-date=July 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709162533/http://wmpoweruser.com/its-official-the-next-version-of-windows-phone-will-be-called-windows-10-mobile/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/05/13/introducing-windows-10-editions/ |title=Introducing Windows 10 Editions |website=blogs.windows.com |date=May 13, 2015 |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=May 13, 2015}}

A major aspect of Windows 10 Mobile is a focus on harmonizing user experiences and functionality between different classes of devices—specifically, devices running the PC-oriented version of Windows 10. Under the Universal Windows Platform concept, Windows Runtime apps for Windows 10 on PC can be ported to other platforms in the Windows 10 family with nearly the same codebase, but with adaptations for specific device classes. Windows 10 Mobile also shares user interface elements with its PC counterpart, such as the updated Action Center and settings menu.{{cite web|title=Microsoft previews universal apps for Windows 10 PCs, tablets, and phones|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/21/7866941/windows-previews-universal-apps-for-windows-10-pcs-tablets-and-phones|website=The Verge|date=January 21, 2015|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=February 7, 2015}} During its initial unveiling, Microsoft presented several examples of Windows apps that would have similar functionality and user interfaces between Windows 10 on desktops and mobile devices, including updated Photos and Maps apps, and new Microsoft Office apps.{{cite web|title=Microsoft's touch-friendly Office apps now available to download for Windows 10|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2879587/microsofts-touch-friendly-office-apps-now-available-to-download-for-windows-10.html|website=PC World|publisher=IDG|access-date=February 6, 2015}}{{cite web|title=The next chapter of Office on Windows|url=https://blogs.office.com/2015/02/04/next-chapter-office-windows/|website=Office Blog|date=February 4, 2015|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=February 6, 2015|archive-date=February 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206002844/https://blogs.office.com/2015/02/04/next-chapter-office-windows/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://news.microsoft.com/windows10story/|title=Microsoft Windows 10 Event January 2015 (Full)|date=January 21, 2015|work=Microsoft|access-date=February 8, 2015}} Although marketed as a converged platform, and as with Windows Phone 8, using a Windows NT-based kernel, Windows 10 Mobile still cannot run Win32 desktop applications, but is compatible with software designed for Windows Phone 8.{{cite web|title=Microsoft updates Windows on phones without carriers screwing it up|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/12/microsoft-updates-windows-on-phones-without-carriers-screwing-it-up/|website=Ars Technica|date=December 9, 2015|access-date=December 9, 2015}} Similar to Windows Phone 8, Windows Phone 10 has used UEFI with ACPI protocol as its bootloader.

Notifications can be synced between devices; dismissing a notification on, for example, a laptop, will also dismiss it from a phone. Certain types of notifications now allow inline replies. The start screen now has the option to display wallpapers as a background of the screen behind translucent tiles, rather than within the tiles.{{cite web|title=Microsoft finally shows off Windows 10 on smartphones and small tablets|url=https://www.engadget.com/2015/01/21/windows-10-mobile-for-phones-and-tablets/|website=Engadget|date=January 21, 2015 |publisher=AOL|access-date=January 22, 2015}} The messaging app adds support for internet-based Skype messaging alongside SMS, similarly to Apple's iMessage, and can synchronize these conversations with other devices.{{cite web|title=This is Windows 10 for phones|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/21/7869441/windows-10-for-phones-features-hands-on|website=The Verge|date=January 21, 2015|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=January 22, 2015}} The camera app has been updated to match the "Lumia Camera" app previously exclusive to Lumia products, and a new Photos app aggregates content from local storage and OneDrive, and can perform automatic enhancements to photos. The on-screen keyboard now contains a virtual pointing stick for manipulating the text editing cursor, a dedicated voice input button, and can be shifted towards the left or right of the screen to improve one-handed usability on larger devices.{{cite web|title=Leaked images of Windows 10 for phones show us what to expect|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/02/leaks-of-windows-10-for-phones-show-us-what-to-expect/|website=Ars Technica|date=February 6, 2015|access-date=February 7, 2015}}

Windows 10 Mobile supports "Continuum", a feature that allows supported devices to connect to an external display, and scale its user interface and apps into a "PC-like" desktop interface with support for mouse and keyboard input over USB or Bluetooth.{{cite web|title=A PC in Your Pocket: Continuum for Windows Phones|url=http://windowsitpro.com/windows-10/pc-your-pocket-continuum-windows-phones|website=Windows IT Pro|publisher=Penton|access-date=May 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092722/http://windowsitpro.com/windows-10/pc-your-pocket-continuum-windows-phones|archive-date=May 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Your Windows 10 phone can turn into a full PC|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/29/8513519/microsoft-windows-10-continuum-for-phones|website=The Verge|date=April 29, 2015|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=April 29, 2015}} Devices can connect directly to external displays wirelessly using Miracast,{{cite web|title=Continuing With Microsoft's Continuum: Docking Options|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/microsoft-continuum-docking-station-possibilties,30618.html|website=Tom's Hardware Guide|date=November 20, 2015|access-date=December 1, 2015}} via USB-C, or via docking station accessories with USB ports, as well as HDMI and DisplayPort outputs.{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Ross|title=Microsoft's new Display Dock transforms your Windows 10 mobile into a PC|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/10/6/9453577/microsoft-display-dock-announced-price-release-date-continuum|website=The Verge|date=October 6, 2015|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=October 6, 2015}}

A new iteration of the Office Mobile suite, Office for Windows 10, is also bundled. Based upon the Android and iOS versions of Office Mobile, they introduce a new user interface with a variation of the ribbon toolbar used by the desktop version, and a new mobile version of Outlook. Outlook utilizes the same rendering engine as the Windows desktop version of Microsoft Word.{{cite web|title=Microsoft previews Office for Windows 10 phones and small tablets|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/21/7865597/microsoft-office-windows-10-phones|website=The Verge|date=January 21, 2015|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=February 7, 2015}} Microsoft Edge [Legacy] replaces Internet Explorer Mobile as the default web browser.{{cite web|title=Project Spartan and the Windows 10 January Preview Build|url=https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2015/01/22/project-spartan-and-the-windows-10-january-preview-build/|website=Windows Blogs|date=January 22, 2015|access-date=August 21, 2022}}

Windows 10 Mobile's first-party launch devices—the Lumia 950, Lumia 950 XL, and Lumia 550—were released in November 2015 being the first phones to ship with Windows 10 Mobile.{{cite web|title=Windows 10 will start rolling out to phones in December|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/10/6/9468147/windows-10-mobile-release-date|access-date=October 7, 2015|work=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|date=October 6, 2015}} Monthly updates to the OS software are being released to address bugs and security issues. These updates are distributed to all Windows 10 Mobile devices and do not require the intervention of a user's wireless carrier in order to authorize their distribution. Firmware upgrades will still require authorization by the user's carrier.{{cite web|title=Microsoft Can Releases Windows 10 Updates Without Carrier Authorization|url=http://www.ubergizmo.com/2015/12/microsoft-can-releases-windows-10-updates-without-carrier-authorization/|website=UberGizmo|access-date=December 28, 2015}}

The Windows Insider program, adopted to provide a public beta for the PC version of Windows 10,{{cite web|title=Microsoft launches Windows Insider Program to get Windows betas|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/09/microsoft-launches-windows-insider-program-to-get-windows-betas/|website=Ars Technica|date=September 30, 2014|access-date=October 1, 2014}} is used to provide a public beta version of Windows 10 Mobile for selected devices. A build released on April 10, 2015, was to support most second and third generation Lumia products, but the Lumia 930, Lumia Icon, and Lumia 640 XL did not receive the update due to scaling bugs, and delivery was suspended as a whole due to backup and restore issues on some models.{{cite web|last1=Rubino|first1=Daniel|title=Next build for Windows 10 for Phone due this Friday, Lumia 930 and Icon excluded|url=http://www.windowscentral.com/next-build-windows-10-phone-due-friday|access-date=April 9, 2015|work=Windows Central|publisher=Mobile Nations|date=April 8, 2015}}{{cite web|last1=Popa|first1=Bogdan|title=Microsoft Pulls Windows 10 Build 10051 for Lumia 520, 525, and 526|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Microsoft-Pulls-Windows-10-Build-10051-for-Lumia-520-525-and-526-478595.shtml|access-date=April 30, 2015|work=Softpedia|publisher=SoftNews|date=April 16, 2015}} An update to the Windows Phone Recovery Tool resolved these concerns,{{cite web|title=Download The New Windows Phone Recovery Tool From Microsoft|url=http://wmpoweruser.com/download-the-new-windows-phone-recovery-tool-from-microsoft/|access-date=April 30, 2015|work=WMPoweruser|publisher=Mobile First Network|date=February 12, 2015|archive-date=April 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428051748/http://wmpoweruser.com/download-the-new-windows-phone-recovery-tool-from-microsoft/|url-status=dead}} and delivery of Windows 10 updates was restored to the 520 with build 10052, and to the 640 with build 10080.{{Cite web |last=Aul |first=Gabe |date=2015-04-21 |title=Windows 10 Technical Preview Build 10052 now available for phones |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2015/04/21/windows-10-technical-preview-build-10052-now-available-for-phones/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Windows Insider Blog |language=en-US}}

Build number 10136 was released on June 16, 2015, with a "migration bug" that required that existing devices on build 10080 be reverted to Windows Phone 8.1 using the Recovery Tool before the installation of 10136 could proceed.{{cite web | url=https://www.thurrott.com/mobile/windows-phone/4179/microsoft-releases-windows-10-mobile-build-10136-for-phones | title=Microsoft Releases Windows 10 Mobile Build 10136 for Phones | work=Thurrott.com | date=June 16, 2015 | access-date=June 16, 2015 |last=Thurrott|first=Paul}} This migration bug was fixed a week later with the release of build 10149.{{cite web | url=http://www.windowscentral.com/insiders-windows-10-mobile-build-10080-can-now-directly-update-10149 | title=Insiders on Windows 10 Mobile build 10080 can now directly update to 10149 | publisher=Mobile Nations | work=Windows Central | date=June 25, 2015 | access-date=June 25, 2015 |last=Rubino |first=Daniel}} Mobile builds of the Redstone branch till 14322 were halted for the device Lumia 635 (1 GB RAM) due to bugs.{{cite web|url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2016/04/14/announcing-windows-10-mobile-insider-preview-build-14322/|title=Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 14322|work=Windows Blog|date=April 14, 2016|first=Gabriel|last=Aul}}

Some Windows Phone 8.1 smartphones can be upgraded to Windows 10 Mobile, pursuant to hardware compatibility, manufacturer support, and carrier support. Not all phones can receive the update nor support all of its features. Microsoft originally stated that stable upgrades for Windows Phone 8.1 devices would be released in December 2015; however, the release was ultimately delayed to March 17, 2016.{{cite web|title=Microsoft Delays Windows 10 Mobile For Older Smartphones|url=http://www.informationweek.com/mobile/mobile-applications/microsoft-delays-windows-10-mobile-for-older-smartphones/a/d-id/1323620|website=InformationWeek|date=December 19, 2015|access-date=December 20, 2015}}{{cite web|title=Windows 10 Mobile launches for existing handsets|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/3/17/11218994/microsoft-windows-10-mobile-update|access-date=March 17, 2016|work=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|date=March 17, 2016}} Among first-party devices, only the Lumia 430, 435, 532, 535, 540, 635 (1 GB RAM), 640, 640 XL, 735, 830, 929, 930 and 1520 are supported. The only third-party devices supported are the BLU Products Win HD w510u and Win HD LTE x150q, and the MCJ Madosma Q501. Windows 10 Mobile does not officially support any HTC devices (HTC One M8 for Windows, HTC Windows Phone 8X, HTC Windows Phone 8S), although the HTC One M8 for Windows could be upgraded to the public release version of Windows 10 Mobile through the Windows Insider program. While Microsoft stated that the Nokia Lumia Icon may be upgraded at a later date, the company stated that there will not be a second wave of officially supported devices. Microsoft also removed statements which promoted the BLU Win JR LTE as being compatible with Windows 10.{{cite news|title=Microsoft breaks its Windows 10 Mobile upgrade promise|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/3/20/11271306/microsoft-windows-10-mobile-upgrade-list|access-date=March 20, 2016|work=The Verge}}{{cite web|title=HTC Windows Phone 8X won't receive Windows 10 Mobile update|url=http://www.gsmarena.com/htc_windows_phone_8x_wont_receive_windows_10_mobile_update-news-16026.php|website=GSMArena|access-date=January 12, 2016}}{{cite news|last1=Newman|first1=Jared|title=No Windows 10 Mobile upgrade for Windows phones with 512MB RAM, HTC One M8|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3045348/windows/no-windows-10-mobile-upgrade-for-windows-phones-with-512mb-ram-htc-one-m8.html|access-date=March 20, 2016|work=PCWorld|publisher=IDG|date=March 18, 2016}}

Microsoft originally stated that all Lumia smartphones running Windows Phone 8 and 8.1 would receive updates to 10, but Microsoft later reiterated that only devices with the "Lumia Denim" firmware revision and at least 8 GB of internal storage would receive the upgrade.{{cite web|title=Microsoft reneges on Windows 10 upgrades for all current Lumia phones|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2874481/microsoft-reneges-on-windows-10-upgrades-for-all-current-lumia-phones.html|website=PC World|publisher=IDG|access-date=January 23, 2015}} In February 2015, Joe Belfiore stated that Microsoft was working on support for devices with 512 MB of RAM, (such as the popular Nokia Lumia 520),{{cite web|title=Joe Belfiore: Windows 10 update for 512 MB phones in the works|url=http://www.gsmarena.com/joe_belfiore_windows_10_update_for_512mb_phones_in_the_works-news-11121.php|website=GSMArena|access-date=February 9, 2015}} but these plans have since been dropped.{{cite web|title=Windows 10 Mobile Won't Be Released to 512 MB Windows Phones|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/windows-10-mobile-won-t-be-released-to-512mb-windows-phones-501889.shtml|access-date=March 18, 2016|work=Softpedia|publisher=SoftNews NET SRL |date=March 18, 2016}} Upon the official upgrade release, some Lumia models, particularly the Lumia 1020 and 1320, were excluded despite meeting the previously announced criteria. Microsoft cited poor user feedback on the performance of preview builds on these models as reasoning.{{cite web|title=Microsoft "Blames" Users for Lumia 1020, 1320 Not Getting Windows 10 Mobile|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/microsoft-blames-users-for-lumia-1020-1320-not-getting-windows-10-mobile-501926.shtml|website=Softpedia|date=March 19, 2016|access-date=March 20, 2016}} On October 17, 2017, Nearly 2 years after the Windows 10 release, Microsoft released an Over-The-Cable (OTC) Updater tool to bring all Lumias up to date to the latest supported Windows 10 build, even older 512 MB and 1 GB RAM unlocked devices such as the 520, 620, 720, 925, 920 etc. which were updated using the tool to Build 10586 (November Update).{{cite web|title=Microsoft has a new tool to bring your Windows phones up to date|url=https://mspoweruser.com/microsoft-new-tool-bring-windows-phones-date/|website=MSpoweruser|date=October 22, 2017|access-date=October 22, 2017}}

{{See also|List of Windows 10 Mobile devices}}

File:Lumia-950-Lumia-950-XL.jpg

As with Windows Phone, Windows 10 Mobile supports ARM system-on-chips from Qualcomm's Snapdragon line. In March 2015, Ars Technica reported that the operating system will also introduce support for IA-32 system-on-chips from Intel and AMD, including Intel's Atom x3 and Cherry Trail Atom x5 and x7, and AMD's Carrizo.{{cite web|title = Windows 10 phones to get bigger, smaller, faster, and maybe even x86ier|url = https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/windows-10-phones-to-get-bigger-smaller-faster-and-maybe-even-x86ier/|website = Ars Technica|date = March 20, 2015|access-date = March 21, 2015}} These plans never materialized.{{cite web|last1=Foley|first1=Mary Jo|author-link1=Mary Jo Foley|title=Could and should Microsoft enable Windows 10 Mobile on Intel?|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/could-and-should-microsoft-enable-windows-10-mobile-on-intel/|website=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|date=November 8, 2016}}

Minimum specifications for Windows 10 Mobile devices are similar to those of Windows Phone 8, with a minimum screen resolution of 800×480 (854×480 if software buttons are in use), 1 GB of RAM and 8 GB of internal storage.{{cite web|title=Minimum hardware requirements|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn915086.aspx|website=Microsoft Hardware Dev Center|date=September 2021 }} Owing to hardware advancements and the operating system's support for tablets, screen resolutions can now reach as high as QSXGA resolution (2560×2048) and further, as opposed to the 1080p cap of Windows Phone 8. The screen's resolution dictates the minimum amount of RAM required; screens with a resolution 800×480 or 960×540 and higher require 1 GB, 1920×1080 (FHD) or 1440×900<{{dubious|date=November 2023}} and higher require 2 GB,{{dubious|reason=2048×1152 and higher require 3 GB|date=November 2023}} and 2560×1440 and higher require 3 GB.{{better reference needed|reason=Couldn't find official requirements for 2560×2048, but tose seem available at 4 GB (not reliable source?): http://www.windows10update.com/2015/03/here-are-the-windows-10-for-phones-hardware-requirements/|date=November 2023}}

Microsoft unveiled flagship Lumia smartphones bundled with Windows 10 during a media event on October 6, 2015, including Lumia 950, Lumia 950 XL, and the low-end Lumia 550.{{cite web|title=Microsoft's new Lumia 550 announced at $139|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/10/6/9442885/microsoft-lumia-550-windows-phone-price-release-date|website=The Verge|date=October 6, 2015|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=October 6, 2015}}

{{See also|Windows 10 Mobile version history|Windows Phone version history}}

Microsoft announced Windows 10 Mobile during their January 21, 2015 event "The Next Chapter". The first Windows 10 Mobile build was rolled out on February 12, 2015, as part of the Windows Insider Program to a subset of mobile devices running Windows Phone 8 and 8.1. As with the desktop editions of Windows 10, this initial release was codenamed "Threshold", it was part of both the "Threshold 1" and "Threshold 2" development cycles.{{cite web|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/windows-10-mobile-far-from-reaching-rtm-microsoft-confirms-489170.shtml|title=Windows 10 Mobile Far from Reaching RTM, Microsoft Confirms|work=Softpedia|date=August 13, 2016|first=Bogdan|last=Popa}}{{cite web|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/windows-10-mobile-build-10512-screenshots-leaked-489073.shtml|title=Windows 10 Mobile Build 10512 Screenshots Leaked|work=Softpedia|date=August 12, 2015|first=Bogdan|last=Popa}} Windows 10 Mobile launched with the Microsoft Lumia 550, 950 and 950 XL. The rollout for Windows Phone 8.1 devices started March 17, 2016.{{cite web|url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2016/03/17/upgrading-existing-windows-phone-8-1-devices-to-windows-10-mobile/|title=Upgrading existing Windows Phone 8.1 devices to Windows 10 Mobile|work=Windows Experience Blog|publisher=Microsoft|first=Michael|last=Fortin|date=March 17, 2016}}

On February 19, 2016, Microsoft restarted the rollout of full builds for the first feature update, officially known as the "Anniversary Update" or "Version 1607",{{cite web|last1=Bright|first1=Peter|title=Windows 10 Anniversary Update coming August 2 for 350 million Windows 10 users|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/06/windows-10-anniversary-update-coming-august-2-for-350-million-windows-10-users/|website=Ars Technica|date=June 29, 2016|publisher=Conde Nast Digital|access-date=June 30, 2016}} codenamed "Redstone 1". Like the start of the previous wave, the first builds were not available to all devices that were included in the Windows Insider Program.{{cite web|last1=Thorp-Lancaster|first1=Dan|title=Here's what's new in Windows 10 Mobile build 14267|url=http://www.windowscentral.com/heres-whats-new-windows-10-mobile-build-14267|website=Windows Central|publisher=Mobile Nation|date=February 19, 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.windowscentral.com/hands-windows-10-mobile-powered-xiaomi-mi4|title=Hands-on with the Windows 10 Mobile powered Xiaomi Mi4|work=Windows Central|publisher=Mobile Nations|date=December 8, 2015|first=Richard|last=Devine}}

The Creators Update (named after the equivalent update to Windows 10 for PC), also known as Redstone 2, was first previewed on the Insider branch on August 17, 2016.{{cite web|url=http://www.windowscentral.com/windows-10-pc-and-mobile-preview-build-14905-rolling-out-fast-ring-insiders|title=Windows 10 PC and Mobile preview build 14905 rolling out for Fast ring Insiders [Update 2]|work=Windows Central|date=August 17, 2016|first=John|last=Callaham}} and began deployment on April 25, 2017. It features mainly minor feature additions, including an e-book reader within Edge, the ability to turn off the phone screen when using Continuum mode on an external display, SMS support in Skype, SD card encryption, and other changes. Despite the platform's synergy with Windows 10 for PCs, some of its features (such as Night Light and Paint 3D) were excluded.{{cite web|title=Microsoft starts rolling out Windows 10 Mobile Creators Update release|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-starts-rolling-out-windows-10-mobile-creators-update-release/|website=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=June 15, 2017}}{{cite web|title=Windows 10 Mobile Creators Update review: The future is increasingly uncertain|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3190787/windows/windows-10-mobile-creators-update-review-the-future-is-increasingly-uncertain.html|website=PC World|publisher=IDG|access-date=June 15, 2017}} Around the time that the Creators Update was finalized, Windows Insider users began to be issued updates on a branch known as feature2. Microsoft stated that there were no plans to move Windows 10 Mobile to be in sync with the other Windows 10-platforms just yet; media outlets considered this decision to be a sign that Microsoft was beginning to wind down active development of Windows 10 Mobile beyond maintenance releases, as development was no longer directly in sync with the PC version.{{cite web|title=Microsoft: Windows Phones to Stick with Feature2, No Redstone 3 Upgrade Planned|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/microsoft-windows-phones-to-stick-with-feature2-no-redstone-3-upgrade-planned-516471.shtml|website=Softpedia|date=June 15, 2017|access-date=June 15, 2017}}{{cite web|title=Microsoft has released two new Windows 10 test builds -- 16179 for PCs and 15205 for phones. Both are still more about fixes than brand-new features.|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-latest-windows-10-redstone-3-test-build-adds-revert-vm-feature/|website=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=June 15, 2017}}

The Creators Update was only offered to eleven existing Windows 10 Mobile devices, of which nine would later receive the Fall Creators Update:{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/6/15203922/microsoft-windows-10-creators-update-mobile-update-list|title=Only a small number of Windows phones will get the Windows 10 Creators Update|date=April 6, 2017|website=The Verge|access-date=April 24, 2017}}{{cite web |last1=Allison |first1=Michael |title=The Lumia 640 and 640 XL can't handle Microsoft's feature-packed Windows 10 Fall Creators Update - MSPoweruser |url=https://mspoweruser.com/lumia-640-640-xl-cant-handle-microsofts-feature-packed-windows-10-fall-creators-update/ |website=MSPoweruser |access-date=July 20, 2018 |date=October 18, 2017}}

• Alcatel Idol 4S and 4S Pro
• Alcatel OneTouch Fierce XL
• HP Elite x3
• Lenovo Softbank 503LV
• MCJ Madosma Q601 †
• Microsoft Lumia 550
• Microsoft Lumia 640 and 640 XL †
• Microsoft Lumia 650
• Microsoft Lumia 950 and 950 XL
• Trinity NuAns Neo
• VAIO Phone Biz (VPB051)

† indicates a phone that is incompatible with the Fall Creators Update.

In early June 2017, a private build, briefly deployed by accident by Microsoft, revealed work on an updated interface for Windows 10 Mobile known as "CShell" ("composable shell"), an implementation of the Windows shell across device classes using a modular system. The build featured a Start screen, Action Center, and Continuum desktop interface that were nearly identical in functionality and appearance to their equivalents on Windows 10 for PC. However, this iteration of the operating system was no longer backwards compatible with Windows Phone Silverlight apps.{{cite web|title=Microsoft's Windows 10 'CShell' adaptable UI in images and video (exclusive)|url=https://www.windowscentral.com/windows-cshell|website=Windows Central|date=June 5, 2017|access-date=June 15, 2017}}{{cite web|title=Microsoft's CShell: What is it and how does it fit into Windows 10's future?|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-cshell-what-is-it-and-how-does-it-fit-into-windows-10s-future/|website=ZDNet|access-date=June 15, 2017}}{{Cite news|url=http://allaboutwindowsphone.com/news/item/22235_Silverlight_compatibility_laye.php|title=Silverlight compatibility layer axed from future Windows 10 Mobile... Probably|work=All About Windows Phone|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en}}

Reception of Windows 10 Mobile was mixed. In its review of the Lumia 950 XL, The Verge felt that the platform was "buggy and unfinished", and that its user interface was inconsistent in operation and felt more like Android mixed with few of the distinct design elements that were hallmarks of Windows Phone. It was noted that the OS still retained much of the performance of Windows Phone 8, and that Microsoft had made efforts to create synergies with the PC version of Windows 10 via its universal apps concept. Continuum was regarded as potentially being a signature feature over time, but that it was merely a "parlor trick" in its launch state due to a lack of support for desktop-oriented interfaces among third-party software.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/12/18/10571504/microsoft-lumia-950-xl-review|title=Microsoft Lumia 950 XL review|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=December 18, 2015|website=The Verge|language=en-US|access-date=January 23, 2019}} TechRadar felt that the lack of apps was the "biggest let-down on Windows Phone and Windows 10 Mobile alike."{{Cite web |url=http://www.techradar.com/reviews/phones/mobile-phones/windows-10-mobile-1286717/review |title=Windows 10 Mobile review |last=Peckham |first=James |work=TechRadar|date=February 2, 2016 |access-date=January 23, 2019}} After many user complaints, Microsoft started allowing users to downgrade from Windows 10 Mobile to Windows Phone 8.1.{{Cite web |url=http://mspoweruser.com/microsoft-confirms-windows-phone-8-1-handsets-will-able-downgrade-indefinitely/ |title=Microsoft confirms Windows Phone 8.1 handsets will be able to downgrade indefinitely |date=April 5, 2016 |access-date=February 3, 2017 |archive-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204004534/https://mspoweruser.com/microsoft-confirms-windows-phone-8-1-handsets-will-able-downgrade-indefinitely/ |url-status=live }}

According to Microsoft's 2016 fiscal year,{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/789019/000119312516662209/d187868d10k.htm|title=Form 10-K For The Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016|website=www.sec.gov|access-date=December 14, 2019}} the revenue from the company's smartphone division was $3,358 million, a 44% loss when compared to $7,702 million in 2015.

The year before, Microsoft disclosed information on sales of its Microsoft Mobile subsidiary:{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/789019/000119312515272806/d918813d10k.htm|title=Form 10-K For The Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2015|website=www.sec.gov|access-date=December 14, 2019}}

In addition, as disclosed in the company's prior fiscal year, Microsoft spent "$2.5 billion of integration and restructuring expenses, primarily costs associated with restructuring plans," which includes the cost of mass layoffs.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/09/technology/microsoft-layoffs.html|title=Cutting Jobs, Microsoft Turns Page on Nokia Deal|last=Wingfield|first=Nick|date=July 8, 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 14, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

On October 8, 2017, Microsoft executive Joe Belfiore revealed that the company would no longer actively develop new features or hardware for Windows phones, citing its low market share, and the resultant lack of third-party software for the platform. Microsoft had largely abandoned its mobile business, having laid off the majority of Microsoft Mobile employees in 2016,{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/25/11766344/microsoft-nokia-impairment-layoffs-may-2016|title=Microsoft lays off hundreds as it guts its phone business|work=The Verge|access-date=October 9, 2017}} sold a number of intellectual property and manufacturing assets (including, in particular, the Nokia feature phone business) to HMD Global and Foxconn (which began producing Android-based smartphones under the Nokia brand){{Cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/10879/hmd-closes-nokia-brand-and-patents-deal-with-microsoft-nokia-smartphones-on-the-way|title=HMD Closes Nokia Brand and Patents Deal with Microsoft, Smartphones Due in 2017|last=Shilov|first=Anton|website=Anandtech|access-date=January 23, 2019}} focused software efforts on providing apps and services compatible with the incumbent Android and iOS instead, and having since released dual-touchscreen Android smartphones under the Surface Duo brand.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/microsofts-surface-duo-phone-is-powered-by-googles-android-and-thats-a-big-deal/|title=Microsoft using Android is bigger than its Surface Duo phone|last=Sherr|first=Ian|website=CNET|language=en|access-date=December 13, 2019}} Development of Windows 10 Mobile would be limited to maintenance releases and patches.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/9/16446280/microsoft-finally-admits-windows-phone-is-dead|title=Microsoft finally admits Windows Phone is dead|work=The Verge|access-date=October 9, 2017}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/10/08/microsoft-exec-says-windows-10-mobile-is-no-longer-a-focus/|title=Microsoft exec says Windows 10 Mobile is no longer a 'focus'|work=Engadget|access-date=October 9, 2017|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/windows-10-mobile-features-hardware-death-sentence-microsoft/|title=Windows 10 Mobile gets its final death sentence|last=Reilly|first=Claire|date=October 8, 2017|work=CNET|access-date=October 9, 2017|language=en}} By December 2018, Statcounter had reported Windows 10 Mobile's market share to be 0.33%.{{Cite web|url=https://www.itpro.co.uk/go/32800|title=Microsoft sets end-of-life date for Windows 10 Mobile|website=IT PRO|date=January 21, 2019 |language=en|access-date=January 23, 2019}}

In January 2019, Microsoft announced that Windows 10 Mobile would reach end of life on December 10, 2019, after which no further security updates will be released, and online services tied to the OS (such as device backup) have begun to be phased out.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/18/18188054/microsoft-windows-phone-windows-10-mobile-end-of-support-updates|title=Microsoft to end Windows 10 Mobile updates and support in December|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=January 18, 2019|website=The Verge|access-date=January 23, 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/3/17933644/microsoft-android-apps-windows-10-app-mirroring-report|title=Microsoft is embracing Android as the mobile version of Windows|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=October 3, 2018|website=The Verge|access-date=January 23, 2019}} However, Microsoft quietly moved the EOL date to January 14, 2020 (aligned with the EOL date for Windows 7, Windows Server 2008/R2 and Internet Explorer 10) with one additional security update released.{{Cite web|url=https://www.extremetech.com/mobile/303590-microsoft-delays-windows-10-mobiles-death-by-one-month|title=Microsoft Delays Windows 10 Mobile's Death by One Month|website=ExtremeTech|date=December 18, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-gives-windows-10-mobile-a-little-extra-time-before-the-end/|title=Microsoft gives Windows 10 Mobile a little extra time before the end|last=Tung|first=Liam|website=ZDNet|language=en|access-date=December 18, 2019}}

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