Yellow Springs, Ohio

File:Ohio - Urbana through Yellow Springs - NARA - 68147012 (cropped).jpg

In 1825, the village was founded by William Mills and approximately 100 families, followers of Robert Owen, who wanted to emulate the utopian community at New Harmony, Indiana.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} The village was named after nearby natural springs with waters high in iron content.{{Cite web |title=Ohio History Central / Yellow Springs |url=https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Yellow_Springs,_Ohio?rec=2197}} The communitarian efforts dissolved{{when|date=February 2022}} due to internal conflicts.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

The completion of the Little Miami Railroad in 1846 brought increased commerce, inhabitants, and tourism to this area of Greene County. Many regular visitors of the 19th century came for the springs, as these were believed to have medicinal benefits. The village of Yellow Springs was incorporated in 1856.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC&pg=PA878 | title=Historical Gazetteer of the United States | publisher=Routledge | date=May 13, 2013 | access-date=November 30, 2013 | author=Hellmann, Paul T. | pages=878| isbn=978-1135948597 }}

File:Antioch campus grounds.jpg]]

Antioch College was founded in 1850 by the Christian Connection, and began operating in 1853 with the distinguished scholar Horace Mann as its first president.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

In 1920, Arthur E. Morgan became president of Antioch College; he was known for his innovations and implemented a much-imitated work-study program for students. An engineer by training, Morgan left Antioch to become head of the Tennessee Valley Authority during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. Upon his return to Yellow Springs, Morgan was a key leader of Quaker intentional community developments in Ohio and North Carolina.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

In 1926, the Antioch Company was founded by two then-current Antioch College students as "The Antioch Bookplate Company".{{Cite web |title=History of the Antioch Company – FundingUniverse |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/the-antioch-company-history/}} The company expanded to selling children's books, gifts, and craft products, In 2008, the company sold off its Antioch Publishing business, and focused the remaining business on the company's Creative Memories brand of custom framing and scrapbooking items.{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2008 |title=Antioch Co. Sells bookplate division |url=https://ysnews.com/news/2008/03/antioch-co-sells-bookplate-division}} The remaining Yellow Spring facility of Creative Memories closed in 2012.{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2012 |title=Creative Memories closes YS shop |url=https://ysnews.com/news/2012/04/creative-memories-closes-ys-shop |newspaper=Yellow Springs News}}

Antioch College expanded beginning in 1964, to include 38 "centers" around the country by the end of 1979. Its by-laws were changed to define Antioch as a "network", not a college, owned by Antioch University Corporation. In 1986, 32 of its units around the country were closed, leaving six campuses, which included both its original College campus in Yellow Springs and the college's School of Adult and Experiential Learning there. It operated separately as Antioch University McGregor. That adult and graduate education school was renamed as Antioch University Midwest in 1988. It closed in late 2020.{{cite web |title=Antioch University Midwest absorbed, building for sale |url=https://ysnews.com/news/2020/10/antioch-university-midwest-absorbed-building-for-sale |accessdate=January 5, 2021 |newspaper=Yellow Springs News|date=October 15, 2020 }}

In 2008, citing financial exigency, the university closed the college campus in Yellow Springs. College alumni, forming the Antioch College Continuation Corporation, bought back the college's name and campus. They reopened in 2011 as the independent Antioch College.{{cite news |last1=Donahue |first1=Bill |date=September 16, 2011 |title=Can Antioch College Return From the Dead Again? |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/18/magazine/can-antioch-college-return-from-the-dead-again.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all |access-date=July 15, 2012}}

Now,{{when|date=February 2022}} Antioch University and Antioch College are wholly separate institutions.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

The Conway Colony, a group of 30 freed slaves who were transported by Moncure D. Conway, the abolitionist son of their former owner, were settled in this village in 1862.{{cite web |url=http://ysnews.com/news/2010/02/a-history-of-racial-diversity |title=A history of racial diversity |author=Chiddister, Diane |date=February 4, 2010 |newspaper=Yellow Springs News |access-date=July 15, 2012}}

Wheeling Gaunt, a former slave who had purchased his own freedom, came to Yellow Springs in the 1860s. By his death in 1894, he owned a substantial amount of land. Gaunt bequeathed to the village a large piece of land on its western side, requesting that the rent be used to buy flour for the "poor and worthy widows" of Yellow Springs. Although the land was used to create Gaunt Park, and thus does not generate rent, the village expanded the bequest to include sugar. It still delivers flour and sugar to the village's widows at Christmas time, a tradition that generates annual media coverage.{{cite web |url=http://www.ysnews.com/stories/2003/december/121103_flour.html |title=Flour, sugar and tradition of caring |access-date=September 26, 2006 |date=December 11, 2003 |newspaper=Yellow Springs News}}

During the Red Scare of the 1950s, Yellow Springs and Antioch College came under scrutiny for alleged sympathies of faculty and students to the Communist Party, due to many locals' support of left-wing politics.{{cite book |title=Two Hundred Years of Yellow Springs |last=Chiddister |first=Diane |year=2005 |newspaper=Yellow Springs News |location=Yellow Springs, OH |isbn=0976915804 |pages=145–148 |access-date=July 21, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nM-dwSs0NeEC&q=yellow+springs+in+the+1960s&pg=PA187}} After being questioned by the Ohio House Un-American Activities Committee, Antioch president Douglas McGregor released a statement in 1952 that "Antioch upholds the American tradition of academic freedom. This means the right to hear and investigate all sides of any question, including the question of Russia and Communism".

By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the village became a center of activity for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement in southwestern Ohio. Villagers have retained a progressive cast in their politics, attracting new residents with similar ideas and establishing a unique sociopolitical demographic element in a primarily conservative region of the state.{{cite web |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jun/23/nation/na-antioch23/2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113181542/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jun/23/nation/na-antioch23/2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 13, 2012 |title=Old college try isn't enough for Antioch |author=Huffstutter, P.J. |date=June 23, 2007 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=July 22, 2012}}

In 1979, Yellow Springs held the distinction of being the smallest municipality to pass an ordinance prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation.{{cite web |title=Workplace Discrimination |last=Johnson |first=Gregory A. |url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/workplace_discrimination.html |work=glbtq.com |access-date=August 11, 2007}}{{cite web |url=http://www.thataway.org/exchange/files/docs/glbt_civil_rights_laws.PDF |title=Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual & Transgender Civil Rights Laws In the U.S. |publisher= The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force |date=August 1998 |access-date=August 11, 2007}} As of 2014, it had the largest LGBT population of all Ohio's villages.{{cite web|last1=Robinson|first1=Amelia|title=Local city and villages among those with most gay couples|url=http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/local-city-and-villages-among-those-with-most-gay-couples/NOl7tpNLbIpGGSoeIFDB7K/|website=Dayton Daily News|access-date=February 27, 2017|date=January 31, 2014}}

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of {{convert|2.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=January 12, 2012}}

The village takes its name from a nearby natural spring whose waters are rich in iron, leaving a yellowish-orange coloring on the rocks. Now included within the nearby Glen Helen Nature Preserve,{{cite book|last1=Mangus|first1=Michael|last2=Herman|first2=Jennifer L.|title=Ohio Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bndxn4Qlt4EC&pg=PA585|year=2008|publisher=North American Book Dist LLC|isbn=978-1-878592-68-2|page=585}} in the mid-19th century, it became the center of a resort. During this period, many individuals traveled to areas of such springs, believing the waters had medicinal benefits.

{{US Census population

|align=right

|1850= 138

|1860= 1319

|1870= 1435

|1880= 1377

|1890= 1375

|1900= 1371

|1910= 1360

|1920= 1264

|1930= 1427

|1940= 1640

|1950= 2896

|1960= 4167

|1970= 4624

|1980= 4077

|1990= 3973

|2000= 3761

|2010= 3487

|2020= 3697

|align-fn=center

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/decennial-census|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing|website=The United States Census Bureau}}

}}

As of the census{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2013}} of 2010, there were 3,487 people, 1,672 households, and 902 families living in the village. The population density was {{convert|1726.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,805 dwelling units at an average density of {{convert|893.6|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the village was 78.1% White, 12.0% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 7.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 1,672 households, of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.1% were non-families. 39.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.70.

The median age in the village was 48.5 years. 19.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.6% were from 25 to 44; 33.1% were from 45 to 64; and 21.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46.0% male and 54.0% female.

According to the US Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey, the median income for a household in the village was $56,000 and the median income for a family was $71,379. Males had a median income of $52,208 versus $52,019 for females. The per capita income for the village was $32,886. About 6.7% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

{{more citations needed section|date=August 2023}}

National Register of Historic Places listings in Yellow Springs include Antioch Hall, North and South Halls, South School, and the Yellow Springs Historic District. Young's Jersey Dairy is a family-operated dairy farm and restaurant several visitor attractions outside the scope of a typical dairy farm, including batting cages, miniature golf, and a petting zoo.{{cite web|url=https://cincinnatiparent.com/family-friendly-farm-fun-at-youngs-jersey-dairy/| title=Family Friendly Farm Fun at Young's Jersey Dairy| website=Cincinnati Parent| date=May 30, 2017| access-date=April 4, 2019|first=Andrea| last=Limke}}{{cite web |last1=Walle |first1=Randi |title=Young's Jersey Dairy Celebrates 150 Years |url=https://www.columbusunderground.com/youngs-jersey-dairy-will-celebrate-150-years-in-january-rw1 |website=Columbus Underground |access-date=March 23, 2019 |date=January 18, 2019}}

Relative to its size, Yellow Springs has a large arts community. Local organizations include:

• Yellow Springs Arts Council
• Yellow Springs Theater Company
• Yellow Springs Kids Playhouse (now folded)
• Chamber Music Yellow Springs (CMYS)
• The World House Choir
• The Yellow Springs Community Chorus
• The Yellow Springs Chamber Orchestra
• The Yellow Springs Community Band (YSCB)
• Yellow Springs Strings (Senior Orchestra)

File:Yellow Springs in the Glen Helen Nature Preserve.jpg]]

Yellow Springs is home to or near numerous parks, including the Glen Helen Nature Preserve, Little Miami Bike Trail, John Bryan State Park,[http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/parks/parks/jhnbryan/tabid/750/Default.aspx John Bryan State Park] Ohio Department of Natural Resources and Clifton Gorge State Nature Preserve.{{cite web|url= https://www.greenecountyohio.org/things-to-do/outdoors/clifton-gorge-state-nature-preserve/ |title=Clifton Gorge State Nature Preserve | publisher=Greene County, Ohio|access-date=June 22, 2020}} Various parks are owned by the Village of Yellow Springs and run through its Parks and Recreation department. The Village's largest park is Gaunt Park, which has two baseball diamonds and a pool.{{cite web|url=https://www.yso.com/department/index.php?structureid=16 |title=Parks and Recreation|publisher=Village of Yellow Springs|access-date=August 4, 2020}} Just north of the Village is Ellis Park, which has a picnic area and a pond. Several additional neighborhood park areas are scattered through the village.

File:Mills Lawn Elementary School.jpg

Yellow Springs Exempted Village School District operates three schools in the village: Mills Lawn Elementary, McKinney Middle School, and Yellow Springs High School.{{cite web | url=http://www.ysschools.org/DistrictInformation.aspx | title=About us | publisher=Yellow Springs Schools | access-date=February 25, 2018}}

The only private elementary school in Yellow Springs is the Antioch School, a democratic school for students in preschool through sixth grade. It was founded by Arthur Ernest Morgan as a laboratory school of Antioch College.{{cite web|url=http://antiochschool.org/joomla_antioch/index.php/about/about-the-antioch-school|access-date=December 31, 2019|title=About the Antioch School|archive-date=December 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231045823/http://antiochschool.org/joomla_antioch/index.php/about/about-the-antioch-school|url-status=dead}}

Antioch College, a private liberal arts college, was founded at Yellow Springs in 1850.{{cite web | url=http://www.antiochcollege.edu/news/archive/four-years-after-closure-antioch-college-welcome-its-second-class | title=Four years after closure, Antioch College to welcome its second class | publisher=Antioch College | access-date=February 25, 2018}} The city was also home to Antioch University Midwest, part of the Antioch University network, until 2020.{{cite web|url=https://ysnews.com/news/2020/10/antioch-university-midwest-absorbed-building-for-sale| title=Antioch University Midwest absorbed, building for sale| date=October 15, 2020|publisher=Yellow Springs News|access-date=January 5, 2021}} Its functions were absorbed into Antioch University's online division, and its building put up for sale. However, Antioch University's administration, as well as its online division and Graduate School of Leadership & Change, remain headquartered in Yellow Springs.

File:Yellow Springs Community Library.jpg

Yellow Springs has a public library, a branch of the Greene County Public Library.{{cite web | url=https://greenelibrary.info/locations/ | title=Locations | publisher=Greene County Public Library | access-date=February 25, 2018}}

Yellow Springs is the home of public radio station WYSO, which is a member station of National Public Radio and was licensed to the Board of Trustees of Antioch College until WYSO became independently owned and operated in 2019. The station continues in collaboration with the college, such as by working with college students as interns.{{cite web|url= https://current.org/2019/02/ohios-wyso-to-become-independently-owned/|title= Ohio's WYSO to become independently owned |date= February 2019 |publisher=Tyler Falk, Current, February 1, 2019|access-date=April 30, 2020}}

Local news and events are covered by an independent weekly newspaper, the Yellow Springs News.

{{See also|List of Antioch College people|l1=List of Antioch College notable people}}

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Paul Abels, clergyman
• Noah Adams, public radio journalist and author
• Arnold Adoff, poet and author
• Cindy Blackman, jazz/rock drummer; wife of Carlos Santana
• Alice Griffith Carr, Red Cross nurse in World War I
• Donnell Rawlings, American comedian and actor
• Dave Chappelle, American comedian and actor{{cite news |last1=Kelley |first1=Tyler J. |title=What Happens When Dave Chappelle Buys Up Your Town |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2023-dave-chappelle-yellow-springs |access-date=May 6, 2023 |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |date=April 28, 2023 |language=en}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1509344/dave-chappelle-is-back-onstage/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217213447/http://www.mtv.com/news/1509344/dave-chappelle-is-back-onstage/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 17, 2015|title=Dave Chappelle Is Back Onstage|first=Gil|last=Kaufman|website=MTV News}}
• Suzanne Clauser, screenwriter and novelist
• Mike DeWine, former US Senator, former Ohio Attorney General, current 70th Governor of Ohio
• Monica Drake, assistant managing editor, New York Times
• Jewel Freeman Graham, educator, social worker, attorney, and World YWCA president
• Richie Furay, singer, songwriter, and Rock & Roll Hall of Fame member
• Virginia Hamilton, children's author
• Anne Harris, musician and actor
• Jon Barlow Hudson, sculptor
• Mike Kahoe, Major League Baseball player
• Coretta Scott King, civil rights leader and wife of Martin Luther King Jr.
• John Lithgow, actor
• Neal Vernon Loving, racing pilot and aeronautical engineer
• Trace Lysette, actress
• Michael Malarkey, actor and musician
• David Nibert, sociologist, author and animal rights activist{{cite news |last=BieryGolick|first=Keith |date=August 29, 2019 |title=Save the lambs: 'Most hated man in Yellow Springs' fights to keep Ohio college from killing animals|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2019/08/29/vegan-professor-ohio-fighting-save-nine-lambs-antioch-college-being-slaughtered-he-says-hes-become-m/2119205001/|work=The Cincinnati Enquirer|location= |access-date=October 19, 2022}}
• Catherine Roma, choral conductor{{cite news |last1=Moss |first1=Meredith |title=Creating harmony: Yellow Springs woman leads World House Choir |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/events/concerts/creating-harmony-yellow-springs-woman-leads-world-house-choir/WiBpdrzBEN4GMyN0Zve3WK/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |publisher=Dayton Daily News |date=August 29, 2018}}
• David Wilcox, American folk musician
• Julia Reichert, Documentary filmmaker

{{div col end}}

{{Reflist|35em}}

{{commons}}

• [https://www.yso.com/ Village website]
• [http://www.yellowspringsohio.org/ Yellow Springs Chamber of Commerce]
• {{Wikivoyage inline|Yellow Springs}}

{{Greene County, Ohio}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Villages in Greene County, Ohio

Category:Utopian communities in the United States

Category:Populated places established in 1825

Category:1825 establishments in Ohio

Category:Villages in Ohio