Yuma Proving Ground

The presence of the U.S. Army in Yuma goes back to 1850, when Fort Yuma was constructed on a hill overlooking the important Yuma crossing of the Colorado River. Soldiers at Fort Yuma maintained peace and protected the important Yuma Crossing, which was used by thousands of travelers each year.[https://web.archive.org/web/20181123022517/https://www.yuma.army.mil/history.html Yuma Proving Ground Continues Area's Army History], yuma.army.mil, last accessed 22 November 2018

The Army constructed a second facility in 1865, the Yuma Quartermaster Depot, to act as a supply base for Army posts throughout Arizona and parts of New Mexico. Supplies were delivered by riverboats and transported from the depot to military outposts by wagon. After Fort Yuma and the Yuma Quartermaster Depot closed in the 1880s, the Army did not return to Yuma on a permanent basis until World War II.

Yuma Proving Ground traces its history to Camp Laguna and the Army Corps of Engineers Yuma Test Branch, both activated in 1943. Located on the Colorado River, the Yuma Test Branch conducted testing on combat bridges, amphibious vehicles, and boats. Tens of thousands of mechanized and infantry soldiers were trained at Camp Laguna for duty at combat fronts throughout the world, from North Africa to the South Pacific. Abandoned campsites and tank trails can still be found on the proving ground.

Camp Laguna lasted only until the end of World War II. The Yuma Test Branch was closed in 1949 and reactivated two years later as the Yuma Test Station, under the operational control of the Sixth U.S. Army. In 1962, the station was named Yuma Proving Ground and reassigned to the U.S. Army Materiel Command as an important component of the Test and Evaluation Command. On 26 July 1973, it officially received its full name – U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground. The following year it was designated as a Department of Defense Major Range and Test Facility Base.

Since its early days, Yuma Proving Ground has been a desert environmental test center for all types of military equipment and materiel. However, developmental and a variety of other types of testing of artillery systems and ammunition, aircraft armament and targeting systems, mobility equipment, and air delivery systems, not necessarily desert environmental-related, now comprise the bulk of the workload. A heavy investment in technology and a highly skilled soldier-civilian workforce makes the proving ground a significant social and economic component of the local community.

{{More citations needed section|date=April 2023}}

File:United States Army Yuma Proving Ground Range Map.jpg

YTC encompasses 1,307.8 square miles (3,387.2 km²) of the northwestern Sonoran Desert and conducts tests on nearly every weapon in the ground combat arsenal. Nearly all the long-range artillery testing for U.S. ground forces takes place at the YTC in an area almost completely removed from urban encroachment and noise concerns. Restricted airspace controlled by the test center amounts to over {{convert|2000|sqmi|km2|-3}}. YTC has the longest overland artillery range ({{convert|40|mi|km|disp=or}}) in the nation, the most highly instrumented helicopter armament test range in the Department of Defense, over {{convert|200|mi|km|-2}} of improved road courses for testing tracked and wheeled military vehicles, over {{convert|600|mi|km|-2}} of fiber-optic cable linking test locations, and the most modern mine and demolitions test facility in the western hemisphere. Realistic villages and road networks representing urban areas in Southwest Asia have been constructed and are used for testing counter-measures to the threat of roadside bombs. It is estimated that the track can be used to test about 80 percent of the Army's wheeled vehicle fleet.

More than 3,000 people, mostly civilians, work at YTC, which is the largest employer in Yuma County.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

In a typical year, over 500,000 artillery, mortar and missile rounds are fired, 36,000 parachute drops take place, {{convert|200000|mi|km}} are driven on military vehicles, and over 4,000 air sorties are flown from YTC's Laguna Army Airfield.

About 10 percent of the YTC's workload is training. In a typical year, dozens of units come to the facility for realistic desert training, especially before deploying overseas.

YTC's clean air, low humidity, skimpy rainfall – only about {{convert|3|in|mm}} per year – and annual average of 350 sunny days, add up to almost perfect testing and training conditions. Urban encroachment and noise concerns are nonexistent problems, unlike at many other military installations.

YTC tests improvised explosive devices, commonly known as IEDs, the number-one killer of American service men and women in Iraq and Afghanistan. Hundreds of unmanned aerial vehicles fly at the proving ground each year from the six airfields located at YTC, as do helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft conducting personnel and cargo parachute drops.

Many friendly foreign nations also visit YTC to conduct test programs.[https://www.army.mil/article/193343/piranhas_swim_at_us_army_yuma_proving_ground Piranhas swim at U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground], army.mil, by Mr. Mark Schauer (ATEC), dated 5 September 2017, last accessed 22 November 2018

The General Motors Desert Proving Ground – Yuma opened at YTC in late July 2009. General Motors built the facility at a cost of more than $100 million after closing its desert automotive test facility in Mesa, Arizona, that had been in operation since 1953. The new facility allows General Motors and Army automotive testers to test their wheeled vehicles all year-round.

YTC offers the following for testing, evaluation, and training purposes:

• Ground weapons systems from small arms to long range artillery
• Helicopter armament and target acquisition systems
• Artillery and tank munitions
• Cargo and personnel parachutes, including guided systems technologies
• Land mines and mine-removal systems
• Tracked and wheeled vehicles in a desert environment
• Vibration and interference-free tests of smart weapon systems
• Laguna Army Airfield complex, featuring two runways – {{convert|6000|ft|m}} and {{convert|5150|ft|m}}.
• 12 drop zones and multiple airstrips for Unmanned Aerial Systems
• A {{convert|55|mi|km|0|adj=on}} overland artillery range, the longest in the nation
• Over {{convert|200|mi|km|-2}} of improved road courses for tracked and wheeled vehicles
• State-of-the-art fiber optics systems to acquire, reduce and transmit data in real time
• Specialized facilities for testing countermeasures for the defeat of roadside bombs, such as the National Counterterrorism/Counterinsurgency Integrated Test and Evaluation site

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{{Gallery

|title=35px Examples of the various tests and activities conducted at YTC

|width=220

|File:M109A6 Paladin Testing at YPG.jpg|YTC's Ground Combat Systems test-fires a M109A6 self-propelled howitzer at a YTC artillery range.

|File:YPG water fording pit-Piranha V.jpg|A Royal Danish Army Piranha V infantry fighting vehicle conducts testing at YTC's water fording pit.

|File:US Army M1126 desert mobility testing at YPG.jpg|A M1126 infantry carrier vehicle conducting desert mobility testing at YTC

|File:M1A2 Abrams ramp test at YPG.jpg|An M1 main battle tank climbs a 60° incline, part of performance testing at YTC.

|File:Explosion at US Army Yuma Proving Ground.jpg|Roadside improvised explosive device countermesture testing at YTC

|File:US Army YPG JAGM Testing with AH-64.jpg|An AH-64D attack helicopter conducts AGM-179 air-to-surface missile live-fire test on Cibola Range at YTC.

|File:YPG MSG George A Bannar Wind Tunnel.png|The Military Free-Fall School's MSG George A Bannar Wind Tunnel at YTC is the world's largest, supporting eight simultaneous jumpers.[https://www.atec.army.mil/ypg/outpost/2018/22Jan2018.pdf The Outpost, Volume 67, Number 2], Yuma Proving Ground, dated 22 January 2018, last accessed 23 June 2019

|File:NASA Orion Capsule Parachute Assembly System test at U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground.jpg|NASA's Orion Spacecraft Capsule Parachute Assembly System testing at YTC

|File:U.S. Marines with the 3rd Battalion, 6th Marine Regiment, 2nd Marine Division prepare to clear and breach a building during a mock helicopter raid at Yuma Proving Ground, Ariz., April 9, 2014, as part of Weapons 140409-M-HR724-049.jpg|Marines prepare to breach a building during a mock helicopter raid at YTC, part of U.S. Marine Corps Weapons and Tactics Instructor Course.

|File:German Army tests assault rifle at US Army Yuma Proving Ground.jpg|German soldiers test new assault rifles at YTC.

|File:MQ-9B Sky Guardian testing at Laguna Army Airfield.jpg|An MQ-9B unmanned aerial vehicle used the Laguna Army Airfield at YTC to achieve a 48.2 hour endurance record and first FAA certification of an unmanned aircraft to fly in civilian air space.[https://www.army.mil/article/222712/game_changing_unmanned_aircraft_tested_at_us_army_yuma_proving_ground Game-changing unmanned aircraft tested at U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground], Army.mil, by Mark Schauer (ATEC), 3 June 2019, last accessed 24 July 2019

|File:OAM Tethered Aerostat Radar System (TARS) Yuma, Arizona (15659970683).jpg|U.S. Customs and Border Protection's tethered aerostat radar system at YTC

}}

{{Gallery

|title=35px Examples of testing at various Tropic Regions Test Centers (TRTCs)

|width=220

|File:US Army Stryker undergoing jungle tropical environment testing.jpg|An M1126 infantry carrier vehicle undergoes tropical environment testing at a TRTC site in Hawaii.

|File:Corrosion testing at US Army Tropic Regions Test Center.jpg|Material corrosion testing at TRTC's Breakwater Exposure Site in Central America

|File:US Joint Expeditionary Collective Protection tent testing.jpg|Joint Expeditionary Collective Protection tent testing at a TRTC site, after being tested at YTC

|File:US Army MOPP-4 testing at YPGs TRTC in Hawaii.png|Soldiers evaluate the performance of MOPP 4 gear at a TRTC site in Hawaii.

}}

{{Gallery

|title=35px Examples of various testing at the Arctic Regions Test Center (ARTC)

|width=220

|File:US Army Stryker M1128 undergoing cold weather testing.jpg|An M1128 mobile gun system undergoes cold weather live-fire testing at ARTC.

|File:US Army Small Unit Support Vehicle testing at CRTC.jpg|A small unit support vehicle undergoes testing on ARTC's Mobility Test Track.

|File:Flickr - The U.S. Army - Mobility testing.jpg|A robotic vehicle undergoes mobility testing on a bump course at ARTC.

|File:US Army Body armor testing at CRTC.jpg|Soldiers test a new modular body armor system in the extreme cold at ARTC.

}}

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Yuma Proving Ground is a census-designated place (CDP) covering the population of the Howard Cantonment at Yuma Proving Ground in Yuma County, Arizona.{{cite gnis|2804356|Yuma Proving Ground Census Designated Place|January 3, 2023}}https://dema.az.gov/sites/default/files/2023-11/2023_AZPrincipalMilitaryOperationsEconImpactStudy__.pdf

It first appeared as a CDP in the 2020 Census with a population of 313.{{Cite web|title=Yuma Proving Ground CDP, Arizona|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0485680|website=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 13, 2022}}

{{US Census population

|2020= 313

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|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=}}
2020

}}

Yuma Proving Ground is served by the Yuma Elementary School District and the Yuma Union High School District. Yuma Elementary School District operates Price Elementary School on base.{{cite web | url=https://www.yuma.org/our-schools | title=Our Schools | Yuma Elementary School District One }}

{{Weather box

| single line = Y

| location = Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona (1991–2020)

| Jan high F =69.2

| Feb high F =72.8

| Mar high F =79.7

| Apr high F =86.1

| May high F =94.1

| Jun high F =103.3

| Jul high F =106.8

| Aug high F =106.4

| Sep high F =101.7

| Oct high F =90.3

| Nov high F =77.4

| Dec high F =67.1

| Jan mean F =56.9

| Feb mean F =60.3

| Mar mean F =66.4

| Apr mean F =72.3

| May mean F =80.0

| Jun mean F =88.6

| Jul mean F =94.3

| Aug mean F =94.4

| Sep mean F =88.8

| Oct mean F =76.7

| Nov mean F =64.2

| Dec mean F =55.1

| Jan low F =44.7

| Feb low F =47.8

| Mar low F =53.1

| Apr low F =58.5

| May low F =65.8

| Jun low F =73.8

| Jul low F =81.8

| Aug low F =82.4

| Sep low F =76.0

| Oct low F =63.1

| Nov low F =51.0

| Dec low F =43.2

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation inch =0.52

| Feb precipitation inch =0.53

| Mar precipitation inch =0.41

| Apr precipitation inch =0.12

| May precipitation inch =0.03

| Jun precipitation inch =0.01

| Jul precipitation inch =0.19

| Aug precipitation inch =0.38

| Sep precipitation inch =0.43

| Oct precipitation inch =0.20

| Nov precipitation inch =0.28

| Dec precipitation inch =0.45

| Jan snow inch =0.0

| Feb snow inch =0.0

| Mar snow inch =0.0

| Apr snow inch =0.0

| May snow inch =0.0

| Jun snow inch =0.0

| Jul snow inch =0.0

| Aug snow inch =0.0

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| Nov snow inch =0.0

| Dec snow inch =0.0

| source = NOAA{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/#dataset=normals-monthly&timeframe=30&station=USW00003125 |title=NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access |publisher=NOAA |access-date=2025-03-28 }}

}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{HAER |survey=AZ-5 |id=az0212 |title=Yuma Proving Ground, Yuma, Yuma County, AZ |photos= |data=39 |cap=}}

{{AZMilitary|state=autocollapse}}

{{Arizona during World War II}}

{{US Proving Grounds}}

{{Yuma County, Arizona}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|33|01|04|N|114|15|09|W|display=title|region:US-AZ_type:landmark_source:dewiki}}

Category:Buildings and structures in La Paz County, Arizona

Category:Buildings and structures in Yuma County, Arizona

Category:United States Army posts

Category:Military installations in Arizona

Category:Proving grounds

Category:1943 establishments in Arizona

Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Arizona