Zonitidae
{{Short description|Family of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = Paleocene or Cretaceous – Recent[http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/family?id=7 "Family summary for Zonitidae"]. AnimalBase, last change 19-09-2006, accessed 4 August 2010.
| image = Aegopis verticillus1.jpg
| image_caption = A live individual of Aegopis verticillus
| display_parents = 3
| parent_authority = Mörch, 1864
| taxon = Zonitidae
| authority = Mörch, 1864Mörch, 1864. Fortegnelse over de i Danmark forekommende Land- of Ferskvandbløddyr. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjöbenhavn, 17–22 (from 1863): 265–367. zonitidae on the page 274.
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
}}
Zonitidae, common name the true glass snails, are a family of mostly rather small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Zonitoidea.
Zonitidae is the only family in the superfamily Zonitoidea. The family's type genus is Zonites, established by Pierre Denys de Montfort in 1810. This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Distribution
The distribution of the Zonitidae encompasses the western Palearctic.
Shell description
The spiral, heliciform shells of these snails are flattened in shape with a very low spire. The shell is perforate or umbilicate. The lip of the aperture is simple, lacking thickened margin. These shells are more or less transparent as if made of glass, hence the popular name "glass snails". The shells are colorless or of an amber to brownish color.George Washington Tryon 1886. Manual of Conchology, [https://archive.org/stream/manualconch02tryorich volume 2], Zonitidae.
Biology
Some snails in genera within this family create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior.
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 25 and also lies between 31 and 35, but other values are also possible (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): [https://books.google.com/books?id=WlvX-9Wt0toC&hl The biology of terrestrial molluscs]. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, {{ISBN|0-85199-318-4}}. 1–146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
Ecology
These snails live in damp places under stones and similar objects. The true glass snails are usually nocturnal.
Genera
Genera within the family Zonitidae include:
- Aegopis Fitzinger, 1833
- Aegopinella Lindholm, 1927
- Allaegopis Riedel, 1979{{cite web |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Allaegopis A. Riedel, 1979 |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995254 |website=www.marinespecies.org |access-date=29 October 2021}}
- Balcanodiscus Riedel & Urbanski, 1964
- Brazieria Ancey, 1887
- Doraegopis Riedel, 1982
- Eopolita Pollonera, 1916
- Glyphyalinia Martens, 1892{{Cite journal|last=Barrientos|first=Zaidett|date=2003|title=Lista de especies de moluscos terrestres (Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, Archaeopulmonata, Stylommatophora, Soleolifera) informadas para Costa Rica.|url=https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/26388/26575|journal=Revista de Biología Tropical|volume=51|pages=293–304}}
- Gollumia Riedel, 1988
- † Macrozonites Wenz, 1919
- Meledella Sturany, 1908
- Mesomphix Rafinesque, 1819{{cite web|title=Standard Report|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=77174|website=ITIS|publisher=Interagency Taxonomic Information System|access-date=30 March 2016}}
- Ogaridiscus Dall, 1877Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn, Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J.D. Williams. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26, Bethesda, Maryland: 526 pp.
- Paraegopis Hesse, 1910
- Paravitrea Pilsbry, 1898{{cite web|title=Standard Report|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=77199|website=ITIS|publisher=nteragency Taxonomic Information System|access-date=30 March 2016}}
- Retinella Fischer, 1877
- Thasiogenes Riedel, 1998
- Troglaegopis Riedel & Radja, 1983
- Turcozonites Riedel, 1987
- Ventridens Binney & Bland, 1869
- Zonites Montfort, 1810 – type genus
Cladogram
The following cladogram shows the phylogenic relationships of this family to other families in the limacoid clade:Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". Journal of Biogeography 27(2): 379–390. {{doi|10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x}}, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2656267 JSTOR].
{{clade
|label1=limacoid clade
|1={{clade
|label1=Staffordioidea
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=Dyakioidea
|1=Dyakiidae
|label2=Gastrodontoidea
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=Chronidae
|2={{clade
|1=Euconulidae
}}
|3={{clade
|2=Oxychilidae
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|label1=Parmacelloidea
|1={{clade
|3=Milacidae
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=Zonitoidea
|1=Zonitidae
|label2=Helicarionoidea
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|2=Urocyclidae
}}
}}
}}
|label2=Limacoidea
|2={{clade
|1=Vitrinidae
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=Limacidae
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
{{Commons category|Zonitidae}}
- Riedel A. The Zonitidae of Greece. Fauna Graeciae V. 194 pp.
- Schileyko A. A. (2003). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate mollusks. 10. Ariophantidae, Ostracolethaidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae". Ruthenica, Supplement 2. 1309–1466.
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