Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
{{Short description|American professional association}}
{{Distinguish|text=the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) or Industrial Electronic Engineers (IEE)}}
{{Infobox organization
| logo = IEEE logo.svg
| caption = IEEE Human logo
| type = Professional association
| leader_name =
| key_people = Kathleen A. Kramer
(President & CEO){{Cite web |title=IEEE Leadership |url=https://www.ieee.org/about/corporate/leadership.html |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=www.ieee.org}}
| name = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
| abbreviation = IEEE
| founded_date = {{start date and age|1963|1|1}}
| status = 501(c)(3) public charity
| location = 3 Park Avenue, New York City, U.S.{{cite web|url=https://www.ieee.org/about/contact.html|title=IEEE – IEEE Contact & Support|publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|access-date=2023-06-22|archive-date=2023-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609054001/https://www.ieee.org/about/contact.html|url-status=live}}
| origins = Merger of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers
| focus = Electrical, electronics, communications, and computer engineering{{cite web|url=https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/voluntr/tab/tab-operations-manual.pdf|title=IEEE Technical Activities Board Operations Manual|publisher=IEEE|access-date=February 17, 2021|archive-date=May 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506212734/https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/voluntr/tab/tab-operations-manual.pdf|url-status=live}}, section 1.3 Technical activities objectives
| method = Industry standards, conferences, publications
| leader_title =
| revenue = US$584 million (2023)[https://ieeeannualreport.org/2023/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2023-IEEE-annual-report.pdf IEEE Annual Report 2023].
| num_members = 460,000+
| homepage = {{Official URL}}
}}
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE){{efn|Usually pronounced as "I triple-E"}} is an American 501(c)(3) public charity for electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and other related disciplines.
The IEEE has a corporate office in New York City and an operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey. The IEEE was formed in 1963 as an amalgamation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers.{{cite web
|title=IRE – Institute of Radio Engineers (old name for IEEE)
|publisher=AcronymFinder
|url=https://www.acronymfinder.com/Institute-of-Radio-Engineers-(old-name-for-IEEE)-(IRE).html
|quote=IRE is defined as Institute of Radio Engineers (old name for IEEE) ... Engineers (AIEE) and the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) in 1963
|access-date=2023-06-22
|archive-date=2019-10-21
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021081128/https://www.acronymfinder.com/Institute-of-Radio-Engineers-(old-name-for-IEEE)-(IRE).html
|url-status=live
}}
History
The IEEE traces its founding to 1884 and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. In 1912, the rival Institute of Radio Engineers was formed.{{Cite book |last=Horning |first=Susan Schmidt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wS6cAQAAQBAJ |title=Chasing Sound: Technology, Culture, and the Art of Studio Recording from Edison to the LP |date=2013-12-15 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-1-4214-1023-4 |language=en}} Although the AIEE was initially larger, the IRE attracted more students and was larger by the mid-1950s. The AIEE and IRE merged in 1963.{{cite web |title=Formation of IEEE by the Merger of AIEE and IRE |url=https://ethw.org/Formation_of_IEEE_by_the_Merger_of_AIEE_and_IRE |website=Engineering and Technology History Wiki |date=17 February 2019 |access-date=1 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181903/https://ethw.org/Formation_of_IEEE_by_the_Merger_of_AIEE_and_IRE |url-status=live }}
The IEEE is headquartered in New York City, but most business is done at the IEEE Operations Center{{cite web|title=IEEE Operations Center|date=4 January 2019|url=https://ethw.org/IEEE_Operations_Center_in_Piscataway|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=23 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523014253/https://ethw.org/IEEE_Operations_Center_in_Piscataway|url-status=live}} in Piscataway, New Jersey, opened in 1975.{{Cite web |title=IEEE Operations Center in Piscataway |date=27 October 2022 |url=https://ethw.org/IEEE_Operations_Center_in_Piscataway}}
The Australian Section of the IEEE existed between 1972 and 1985, after which it split into state- and territory-based sections.{{cite web | title=History of IEEE in Australia | website=Engineering and Technology History Wiki | date=16 August 1939 | url=https://ethw.org/History_of_IEEE_in_Australia | access-date=13 October 2021 | archive-date=26 October 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026204619/https://ethw.org/History_of_IEEE_in_Australia | url-status=live }}
{{as of|2023}}, IEEE has over 460,000 members in 190 countries, with more than 66 percent from outside the United States.{{cite web|title=IEEE At a Glance|url=https://www.ieee.org/about/at-a-glance.html|website=IEEE|access-date=2024-08-06}}
Publications
{{Main|List of IEEE publications}}
IEEE claims to produce over 30% of the world's literature in the electrical, electronics, and computer engineering fields, publishing approximately 200 peer-reviewed journals{{cite web |url=https://www.ieee.org/about/index.html |title=About |publisher=IEEE |access-date=2017-03-18 |archive-date=2018-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513172004/https://www.ieee.org/about/ |url-status=live }} and magazines. IEEE publishes more than 1,700 conference proceedings every year.[https://www.ieee.org/conferences/xplore-conference-proceedings.html Conference Proceedings.] ieee.org. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
The published content in these journals as well as the content from several hundred annual conferences sponsored by the IEEE are available in the IEEE Electronic Library (IEL){{cite web|title=IEEE Xplore Help|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/overview-of-ieee-xplore/about-ieee-xplore|access-date=2020-09-04|website=IEEE|archive-date=2020-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812204950/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/overview-of-ieee-xplore/about-ieee-xplore|url-status=live}} available through IEEE Xplore{{cite web|title=IEEE Xplore|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp|access-date=2020-09-04|website=IEEE|archive-date=2021-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603145002/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp|url-status=live}} platform, for subscription-based access and individual publication purchases.{{cite web|title=IEEE Xplore Digital Library Subscriptions|url=https://www.ieee.org/publications/subscriptions/index.html|access-date=2020-09-04|website=IEEE|archive-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813014314/https://www.ieee.org/publications/subscriptions/index.html|url-status=live}}
In addition to journals and conference proceedings, the IEEE also publishes tutorials and standards that are produced by its standardization committees. The organization also has its own IEEE paper format.{{cite web|url=https://paperhelpwriting.com/blog/ieee-citation-format/|title=The IEEE Paper Format|date=13 February 2019|access-date=2019-02-13|archive-date=2020-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317000415/https://paperhelpwriting.com/blog/ieee-citation-format/|url-status=live}}
Technical societies
IEEE has 39 technical societies, each focused on a certain knowledge area, which provide specialized publications, conferences, business networking and other services.{{cite web |url=https://www.ieee.org/communities/societies/ |title=IEEE Societies |publisher=IEEE |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225645/https://www.ieee.org/communities/societies/ |url-status=live }}
{{main category|IEEE societies}}
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
- Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
- Antennas & Propagation Society
- Broadcast Technology Society
- Circuits and Systems Society
- Communications Society
- Electronics Packaging Society
- Computational Intelligence Society
- Computer Society
- Consumer Technology Society
- Control Systems Society
- Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation Society
- Education Society
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Society
- Electron Devices Society
- Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
- Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
- Industrial Electronics Society
- Industry Applications Society
- Information Theory Society
- Instrumentation & Measurement Society
- Intelligent Transportation Systems Society
- Magnetics Society
- Microwave Theory and Technology Society
- Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society
- Oceanic Engineering Society
- Photonics Society
- Power Electronics Society
- Power & Energy Society
- Product Safety Engineering Society
- Professional Communication Society
- Reliability Society
- Robotics and Automation Society
- Signal Processing Society
- Society on Social Implications of Technology
- Solid-State Circuits Society
- Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society
- Technology and Engineering Management Society
- Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society
- Vehicular Technology Society
}}
Other bodies
=IEEE Global History Network=
In September 2008, the IEEE History Committee founded the IEEE Global History Network,{{cite web |title=Main Page |url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page |website=GHN |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019034333/http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page |archive-date=19 October 2008}}{{cite book |last1=Baal-Schem |first1=J. |title=2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems |chapter=GHN — the IEEE Global History Network |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5385936 |access-date=14 August 2022 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385936 |date=November 2009 |isbn=978-1-4244-3985-0 |s2cid=34566835 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815002309/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5385936 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Oral-History:Frederik Nebeker |url=https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Frederik_Nebeker#The_Global_History_Network_and_STARS |website=Engineering and Technology History Wiki |access-date=14 August 2022 |language=en |date=26 January 2021 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815002309/https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Frederik_Nebeker#The_Global_History_Network_and_STARS |url-status=live }} which now redirects to Engineering and Technology History Wiki.{{cite web |title=ETHW:About |url=https://ethw.org/ETHW:About |website=Engineering and Technology History Wiki |access-date=14 August 2022 |language=en |date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813232423/https://ethw.org/ETHW:About |url-status=live }}
=IEEE Foundation=
The IEEE Foundation is a charitable foundation established in 1973{{cite web |title=IEEE Foundation |website=InsidePhilanthropy |date=24 August 2018 |url=https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/fundraising-in-new-york-city/ieee-foundation |quote=Established in 1973, the IEEE Foundation is ... |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329120058/https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/fundraising-in-new-york-city/ieee-foundation |url-status=live }} to support and promote technology education, innovation, and excellence.{{cite web |url=http://www.ieee.org/organizations/foundation/index.html |title=IEEE Foundation – Home Page – IEEE Foundation, Inc |website=IEEE.org |access-date=2017-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218002911/https://www.ieee.org/organizations/foundation/index.html |archive-date=2014-02-18 |url-status=dead }} It is incorporated separately from the IEEE, although it has a close relationship to it. Members of the Board of Directors of the foundation are required to be active members of IEEE, and one third of them must be current or former members of the IEEE Board of Directors.
Initially, the role of the IEEE Foundation was to accept and administer donations for the IEEE Awards program, but donations increased beyond what was necessary for this purpose, and the scope was broadened. In addition to soliciting and administering unrestricted funds, the foundation also administers donor-designated funds supporting particular educational, humanitarian, historical preservation, and peer recognition programs of the IEEE. As of the end of 2014, the foundation's total assets were nearly $45 million, split equally between unrestricted and donor-designated funds.{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/organizations/foundation/overview.html|title=IEEE Foundation Overview|website=IEEE|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716044529/http://www.ieee.org/organizations/foundation/overview.html|archive-date=July 16, 2006}}
Controversies
= Huawei ban =
In May 2019, IEEE restricted Huawei employees from peer reviewing papers or handling papers as editors due to the "severe legal implications" of U.S. government sanctions against Huawei.{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/05/ieee-major-science-publisher-bans-huawei-scientists-reviewing-papers|title=IEEE, a Major Science Publisher, Bans Huawei Scientists from Reviewing Papers|last1=Mervis|first1=Jeffrey|date=2019-05-29|journal=Science|access-date=2019-05-30|archive-date=2019-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530000159/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/05/ieee-major-science-publisher-bans-huawei-scientists-reviewing-papers|url-status=live}} As members of its standard-setting body, Huawei employees could continue to exercise their voting rights, attend standards development meetings, submit proposals and comment in public discussions on new standards.{{cite web|url=http://cn.ieee.org/show.php?a=719|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603162601/http://cn.ieee.org/show.php?a=719|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-06-03|title=IEEE 新闻|website=IEEE.org|access-date=2019-05-30}}{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/huawei-scientists-reportedly-banned-from-reviewing-ieee-science-papers/|title=Huawei scientists reportedly banned from reviewing IEEE science papers|last=Reichert|first=Corinne|website=CNET|access-date=2019-05-30|archive-date=2019-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530012019/https://www.cnet.com/news/huawei-scientists-reportedly-banned-from-reviewing-ieee-science-papers/|url-status=live}} The ban sparked outrage among Chinese scientists on social media. Some professors in China decided to cancel their memberships.{{cite web|url=https://www.guancha.cn/internation/2019_05_29_503682.shtml|title=知名学术组织IEEE排斥华为，北大清华学者当即抗议|website=Guancha.cn|language=zh|access-date=2019-05-30|archive-date=2019-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530042041/https://www.guancha.cn/internation/2019_05_29_503682.shtml|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/29/huawei-ieee/|title=Science publisher IEEE bans Huawei but Says Trade Rules will have 'Minimal Impact' on Members|website=TechCrunch|date=30 May 2019 |access-date=2019-05-30}}
On June 3, 2019, IEEE lifted restrictions on Huawei's editorial and peer review activities after receiving clearance from the United States government.{{cite web|url=http://cn.ieee.org/show.php?a=720#|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729145319/http://cn.ieee.org/show.php?a=720|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 29, 2019|title=IEEE 新闻|website=IEEE.org|access-date=2019-06-03}}{{cite web|url=https://pandaily.com/ieee-lifts-ban-on-huawei-employees/|title=IEEE Lifts Ban on Huawei Employees|last=Lee|first=David|date=2019-06-03|website=Pandaily|access-date=2019-06-03|archive-date=2019-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603080709/https://pandaily.com/ieee-lifts-ban-on-huawei-employees/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/06/03/ieee_uturns_huawei_sanctions/|title=IEEE Says It May Have Gone about Things the Wrong Huawei, Lifts Ban after US Govt Clearance|website=The Register|access-date=2023-06-22|archive-date=2020-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509062836/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/06/03/ieee_uturns_huawei_sanctions/|url-status=live}}
= Position on the Russian invasion of Ukraine =
On February 26, 2022, the chair of the IEEE Ukraine Section, Ievgen Pichkalov, publicly appealed to the IEEE members to "freeze [IEEE] activities and membership in Russia" and requested "public reaction and strict disapproval of Russia's aggression" from the IEEE and IEEE Region 8.{{cite web|url=https://ieee.org.ua/2022/02/26/urgent-action-call-for-support-of-ukraine/|title=[URGENT ACTION] Call for Support of Ukraine|date=26 February 2022|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=1 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601061655/https://ieee.org.ua/2022/02/26/urgent-action-call-for-support-of-ukraine/|url-status=live}} On March 17, 2022, an article in the form of Q&A interview with IEEE Russia (Siberia) senior member Roman Gorbunov titled "A Russian Perspective on the War in Ukraine" was published in IEEE Spectrum to demonstrate "the plurality of views among IEEE members" and the "views that are at odds with international reporting on the war in Ukraine".{{cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/stories-of-the-war-in-ukraine-roman|title=A Russian Perspective on the War in Ukraine|date=17 March 2022|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326051024/https://spectrum.ieee.org/stories-of-the-war-in-ukraine-roman|url-status=live}} On March 30, 2022, activist Anna Rohrbach created an open letter to the IEEE in an attempt to have them directly address the article, stating that the article used "common narratives in Russian propaganda" on the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and requesting the IEEE Spectrum to acknowledge "that they have unwittingly published a piece furthering misinformation and Russian propaganda."{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@anna.rohrbach/open-letter-ieee-spectrum-editors-apparently-fell-for-russian-propaganda-327ea1b66a29|title=Open Letter: IEEE Spectrum editors apparently fell for Russian propaganda|work=Medium |date=30 March 2022|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306064954/https://medium.com/@anna.rohrbach/open-letter-ieee-spectrum-editors-apparently-fell-for-russian-propaganda-327ea1b66a29|url-status=live |last1=Rohrbach |first1=Anna }} A few days later a note from the editors was added on April 6{{cite web |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/note-from-the-editors |title=A Note From The Editors |date=6 April 2022 |publisher=IEEE Spectrum |access-date=2022-09-04 |archive-date=2022-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904103140/https://spectrum.ieee.org/note-from-the-editors |url-status=live }} with an apology "for not providing adequate context at the time of publication", though the editors did not revise the original article.{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@anna.rohrbach/ieee-spectrum-responds-with-words-but-no-actions-on-the-issue-of-furthering-russian-propaganda-4bf56ad2a550|title=IEEE Spectrum responds with words but no actions on the issue of furthering Russian propaganda|date=8 April 2022|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306064954/https://medium.com/@anna.rohrbach/ieee-spectrum-responds-with-words-but-no-actions-on-the-issue-of-furthering-russian-propaganda-4bf56ad2a550|url-status=live}}
See also
- Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) program of the IEEE Computer Society
- Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
- Engineering and Technology History Wiki
- Eta Kappa Nu – IEEE HKN Honor society (merged into IEEE in 2010)
- IEEE Standards Association
- Institution of Engineering and Technology (UK)
- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
- List of IEEE awards
- List of IEEE conferences
- List of IEEE fellows
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{Official website}}
- [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ IEEE Xplore] – Research database and online digital library archive
- [https://ethw.org/IEEE_History_Center IEEE History Center]
{{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:501(c)(3) organizations
Category:1963 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Organizations based in New York City
Category:Piscataway, New Jersey
Category:Professional associations based in the United States