apple pie

File:Baking a Pie (Unsplash).jpg

Apple pie can be made with many different sorts of apples. The more popular cooking apples include Braeburn, Gala, Cortland, Bramley, Empire, Northern Spy, Granny Smith, and McIntosh.{{Cite web|title = The Best Apples for Apple Pie|url = http://www.stemilt.com/blog/tips/best-apples-for-apple-pie/|website = Farm Blog {{!}} The Stemilt Blog|date = 2015-09-28|access-date = 2015-12-21}} The fruit for the pie can be fresh, canned, or reconstituted from dried apples. Dried or preserved apples were originally substituted only at times when fresh fruit was unavailable. The basic ingredients of the filling are sugar, butter, a thickener like cornstarch and an acidic ingredient like lemon juice. Spices are added most commonly cinnamon, nutmeg.{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/food-network-kitchens/apple-pie-recipe.html|title=Apple Pie|website=Food Network}} and lemon juice which is used to prevent oxidation of the apples when macerating the filling. Many older recipes call for honey in place of the then-expensive sugar.{{cite web|url=http://factfile.org/7-facts-about-apple-pie|title=7 Facts about Apple Pie|date=13 March 2015}}

File:Apple cake with vanilla ice cream 2.jpg

Apple pie is often served à la mode, that is, topped with ice cream.

{{anchor|cheese}}In another serving style, a piece of sharp cheddar cheese is placed on top of or alongside a slice of the finished pie.{{cite web| url= http://www.thekitchn.com/an-apple-pie-without-the-chees-99573|title=An apple pie without the cheese |publisher= 2012 Apartment Therapy |access-date=2012-06-14}}{{cite web | url = http://www.ochef.com/r125.htm | title = Apple Pie | publisher = OChef | access-date = 2012-04-07}}{{cite web | url = http://www.hungermountain.coop/OurCommunity/News/tabid/148/entryid/177/Default.aspx | title = Product Highlight: Apple Pie, Sharp Cheddar, and A Nice Cup of Coffee | publisher = Hunger Mountain Coop | access-date = 2012-04-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161201081915/http://www.hungermountain.coop/OurCommunity/News/tabid/148/entryid/177/Default.aspx | archive-date = 1 December 2016 | url-status = dead }} Apple pie with cheddar is popular in the American Midwest and New England, particularly in Vermont, where it is considered the state dish. In the north of England, Cheddar or Wensleydale cheese is often used.Catherine Donnelly, ed., The Oxford Companion to Cheese, {{isbn|0199330905}}, 2016, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pRrGDQAAQBAJ&q=apple%20pie%20 p. 762]Walter Gore Marshall, Through America Or, Nine Months in the United States, 1882 [https://books.google.com/books?id=QlITAAAAYAAJ&dq=apple+pie&pg=PA99 p. 99]

{{nutritionalvalue

| name=Apple pie, commercially prepared, enriched flour (Daily Value)

| water=52.2 g

| kJ=992

| protein=1.9 g

| fat=11.0 g

| carbs=34.0 g

| fiber=1.6 g

| sugars=15.65 g

| calcium_mg=11

| iron_mg=0.45

| magnesium_mg=7

| phosphorus_mg=24

| potassium_mg=65

| sodium_mg=201

| zinc_mg=0.16

| manganese_mg=0.18

| vitC_mg=3.2

| thiamin_mg=0.028

| riboflavin_mg=0.027

| niacin_mg=0.263

| pantothenic_mg=0.119

| vitB6_mg=0.038

| folate_ug=27

| choline_mg=7.2

| source_usda=1

| note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/175011/nutrients Link to USDA Database entry]

}}

A commercially prepared apple pie is 52% water, 34% carbohydrates, 2% protein, and 11% fat (table). A 100-gram serving supplies 237 Calories and 13% of the US recommended Daily Value of sodium, with no other micronutrients in significant content (table).

File:For to Make Tartys in Applis (1381).gif

The 14th century recipe collection the Forme of Cury gives a recipe including good apples, good spices, figs, raisins and pears in a {{Lang|enm|cofyn}}, a casing of pastry. Saffron colours the filling.The Forme of Cury, section Servicium de Pissibus (i.e. fasting recipes), [https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/8102/pg8102-images.html#:~:text=XXIII.%20FOR%20TO%20MAKE%20TARTYS%20IN%20APPLIS. item XXIII]

Lattice pastry styles were found from the 17th century alongside the more traditional dome shaped pie crust.{{Cite book |last=Cooper |first=Joseph |title=The art of cookery refined and augemented |date=1654 |location=British library}} Modern English versions incorporate thick layers of sweetened slices of, usually, Bramley apple; layered into a dome shape to allow for downward shrinkage, and thus avoid a saggy middle; then topped with butter or lard shortcrust pastry; and baked until the apple filling is cooked.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}

In English-speaking countries, apple pie, often considered a comfort food, is a popular dessert, eaten hot or cold, on its own or with ice cream, double cream, or custard. Apple pies are often sold as mini versions in multipacks.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

File:Hollandse appeltaart.jpg

File:Apple Crumb Pie (26129987162).jpg

Recipes for Dutch apple pie go back to the Middle Ages. An early Dutch language cookbook from 1514, {{Lang|nl|Een notabel boecxken van cokeryen}} ("A notable little cookery book"), letterpress printed in Brussels by Thomas van der Noot, who may also have been the author,{{cite web|url=http://www.kookhistorie.nl/NBC/index_nbc.htm |title=Home Notabel Boecxken van Cokeryen door Thomas vander Noot (1514) |publisher=Kookhistorie.nl |date=2002-08-13 |access-date=2013-11-05}} documents a recipe for {{Lang|nl|Appeltaerten}} (modern Dutch Appeltaarten 'apple pies'). This early recipe was simple, requiring only a standard pie crust, slices of especially soft apples with their skin and seeds removed, and {{Lang|nl|den selven deeghe daer die taerte af ghemaect es}} (more of the same dough) on top. It was then baked in a typical Dutch oven. Once baked, the top crust (except at the edges) would be cut out from the middle, after which the apple slices were potentially put through a sieve before the pie was stirred with a wooden spoon. At this point the book recommends adding several spices to the pie, namely: cardamom, ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg, clove, mace and powdered sugar. Finally, after mixing the ingredients into the pie with cream, it is once again put into the oven to dry.[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_not001nota01_01/_not001nota01_01_0003.php Een notabel boecxken van cokeryen - 123 Appeltaerten.], [http://dbnl.org dbnl.org]

Traditional Dutch apple pie comes in two varieties, a crumb ({{Lang|nl|appelkruimeltaart}}) and a lattice ({{Lang|nl|appeltaart}}) style pie. Both recipes are distinct in that they typically call for flavourings of cinnamon and lemon juice to be added and differ in texture, not taste.{{cite web|url=http://www.recipestap.com/more-apple-cakes-hollandse-appeltaart-aka-dutch-apple-tart |title=Recipe: More apple cakes: Hollandse appeltaart aka Dutch Apple Tart |publisher=Recipes Tap |access-date=2013-11-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012012659/http://www.recipestap.com/more-apple-cakes-hollandse-appeltaart-aka-dutch-apple-tart |archive-date=12 October 2013 }}{{Cite news|url=https://www.stemilt.com/stem-blog/dutch-apple-pie/|title=Dutch Apple Pie {{!}} Stemilt|date=2016-10-17|newspaper=Stemilt|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-15}} Dutch apple pies may include ingredients such as full-cream butter, raisins and almond paste, in addition to ingredients such as apples and sugar, which they have in common with other recipes.{{cite web|url=http://www.kookhistorie.nl/images/vk-scan/vk-c3r.jpg |title=page 21 "De verstandige kock of sorghvuldige huyshoudster (anno 1669)"|access-date=2013-11-05}}

The basis of Dutch apple pie is a crust on the bottom and around the edges. This crust is then filled with pieces or slices of apple, usually a crisp and mildly tart variety such as Goudreinet or Elstar. Cinnamon and sugar are generally mixed in with the apple filling. Atop the filling, strands of dough cover the pie in a lattice holding the filling in place but keeping it visible or cover the pie with crumbs. It can be eaten warm or cold, sometimes with a dash of whipped cream or vanilla ice cream. In the US, "Dutch apple pie" refers specifically to the apple pie style with a crumb, streusel, topping.{{Cite news|url=https://www.stemilt.com/stem-blog/dutch-apple-pie/|title=Dutch Apple Pie {{!}} Stemilt|date=2016-10-17|newspaper=Stemilt|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-27}}{{cite web|url=http://www.browneyedbaker.com/2010/09/15/dutch-apple-pie/ |title=Dutch Apple Pie |publisher=Brown Eyed Baker|access-date=2013-11-05}}

{{unreferenced section|date=November 2020}}

File:Tarte.tatin.wmt.jpg, a French variation on apple pie]]

One kind of French style apple pie is very different compared to the typical version of the sweet dessert. Instead of it being right side up with crust on top and bottom, it actually is upside down, with the fruit being caramelised. This can be made not only with apples but other fruits or vegetables as well, for example, pears or tomatoes.

See Tarte Tatin.

Others use a more traditional presentation, including variants like the Norman tart.

{{unreferenced section|date=March 2023}}

The Swedish style apple pie is predominantly a variety of apple crumble, rather than a traditional pastry pie. Often, breadcrumbs are used (wholly or partially) instead of flour, and sometimes rolled oats. It is usually flavoured with cinnamon and served with vanilla custard or ice cream. There is also a very popular version called {{Lang|sv|äppelkaka}} (apple cake), which differs from the pie in that it is a sponge cake baked with fresh apple pieces in it.

{{Clear}}

==In American culture==

{{see also|List of American foods|Pie in American cuisine}}

File:Motherhood and apple pie.jpgs.]]

Apple pie was brought to the colonies by the English, the Dutch, and the Swedes during the 17th and 18th centuries.{{cn|date=March 2023}} Two recipes for apple pie appear in America's first cookbook, American Cookery by Amelia Simmons, which was published in 1796.[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/what-americas-first-cookbook-says-about-our-country-its-cuisine-180967809/ What America's First Cookbook Says About Our Country and Its Cuisine]

The apple pie had to wait for the planting of European varieties, brought across the Atlantic, to become fruit-bearing apple trees, to be selected for their cooking qualities as there were no native apples except crabapples, which yield very small and sour fruit.{{cite web

|url= http://www.uga.edu/fruit/apple.html

|title= Origin, History of cultivation

|access-date=12 February 2013

|publisher=University of Georgia

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080121045236/http://www.uga.edu/fruit/apple.html

|quote= The center of diversity of the genus Malus is the eastern Turkey, southwestern Russia region of Asia Minor. Apples were improved through selection over a period of thousands of years by early farmers. Alexander the Great is credited with finding dwarfed apples in Asia Minor in 300 BC; those he brought back to Greece may well have been the progenitors of dwarfing rootstocks. Apples were brought to North America with colonists in the 1600s, and the first apple orchard on this continent was said to be near Boston in 1625. |archive-date = 21 January 2008}} In the meantime, the colonists were more likely to make their pies, or "pasties", from meat, calling them coffins (meaning basket){{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/06/19/155347648/five-facts-about-pie-that-might-surprise-you-and-a-survey|title=Five Facts About Pie That Might Surprise You, And A Survey|website=NPR|date=19 June 2012|last1=Fulton|first1=April}} rather than fruit; and the main use for apples, once they were available, was in cider. However, there are American apple pie recipes, both manuscript and printed, from the 18th century, and it has since become a very popular dessert.{{cite web |last1=D'Aiutolo |first1=Olivia |title=A Pinch of History: Amelia Simmons's Apple Pie |url=https://hsp.org/blogs/fondly-pennsylvania/a-pinch-of-history-amelia-simmonss-apple-pie |website=Fondly, Pennsylvania |publisher=Historical Society of Pennsylvania |access-date=11 June 2018 |date=17 August 2015}} Apple varieties are usually propagated by grafting, as clones, but in the New World, planting from seeds was more popular, which quickly led to the development of hundreds of new native varieties.{{cite web|url=http://www.usapple.org/consumers/all-about-apples/history-and-folklore/apples-in-america |title=Apples in America |access-date=2012-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028235409/http://www.usapple.org/consumers/all-about-apples/history-and-folklore/apples-in-america |archive-date=28 October 2012 |df=dmy }}

Apple pie was a common food in 18th-century Delaware. As noted by the New Sweden historian Dr. Israel Acrelius in a letter: "Apple pie is used throughout the whole year, and when fresh Apples are no longer to be had, dried ones are used. It is the evening meal of children."{{cite web|last=Stradley|first=Linda|title=Apple Pie - History of Apple Pie|url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/PieHistory/ApplePie.htm|work=What's Cooking America.net|access-date=2 July 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110610202255/http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/PieHistory/ApplePie.htm| archive-date= 10 June 2011 | url-status= live}}

The mock apple pie, made from crackers, was probably invented for use aboard ships, as it was known to the British Royal Navy as early as 1812.{{cite journal|journal=The Naval Chronicle|date=1812|volume=28|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K085AQAAMAAJ&q=%22mock+apple%22|access-date=31 August 2016|title=The Naval Chronicle|last1=Clarke|first1=James Stanier|last2=Jones|first2=Stephen|last3=Jones|first3=John}} The earliest known published recipes for mock apple pie date from the antebellum period of the 1850s.{{cite book|last1=Bliss|title=Practical Cook Book: Containing Upwards of One Thousand Receipts...|date=1850|publisher=Lippincott, Grambo|page=[https://archive.org/details/practicalcookbo00blisgoog/page/n158 153]|url=https://archive.org/details/practicalcookbo00blisgoog|access-date=31 August 2016}}{{cite journal|journal=Godey's Magazine|date=1854|volume=48–49|page=378|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8hZAAAAYAAJ&q=%22mock+apple+pie%22|access-date=31 August 2016|title=Godey's Magazine|last1=Godey|first1=Louis Antoine|last2=Hale|first2=Sarah Josepha Buell}} In the 1930s, and for many years afterwards, Ritz Crackers promoted a recipe for mock apple pie using its product, along with sugar and various spices.{{cite web|first=Beth|last=Kracklauer |url=http://www.saveur.com/article/Kitchen/Putting-on-the-Ritz |title=Putting on the Ritz |publisher=Saveur.com |date=2008-02-28 |access-date=2013-11-05}}

Apple pie was one of the dishes that Rhode Island army officers ate for their Fourth of July celebrations during the Siege of Petersburg.{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodtimeline.org/july4th.html|title=Food Timeline--Fourth of July food history|website=www.foodtimeline.org}}

Although eaten in Europe since long before the European colonization of the Americas, apple pie as used in the phrase "as American as apple pie" describes something as being "typically American".{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/american-food-dishes/index.html|title=American food: The 50 greatest dishes|date=2017-07-12|work=CNN Travel|access-date=2018-11-05|language=en}}{{cite journal| url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/as-american-as-apple-pie| title=Definition of "as American as apple pie"| journal= Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus| author=Cambridge University Press| year=2011}} In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, apple pie became a symbol of American prosperity and national pride. A newspaper article published in 1902 declared that "No pie-eating people can be permanently vanquished."{{cite web|title=Popular Apple Sayings|url=http://usapple.org/consumers/all-about-apples/history-and-folklore/popular-apple-sayings|publisher=U.S. Apple Association|access-date=2 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701035054/http://usapple.org/consumers/all-about-apples/history-and-folklore/popular-apple-sayings|archive-date=1 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} The dish was also commemorated in the phrase "for Mom and apple pie"—supposedly the stock answer of American soldiers in World War II, whenever journalists asked why they were going to war. Jack Holden and Frances Kay sang in their patriotic 1950 song "The Fiery Bear", creating contrast between this symbol of U.S. culture and the Russian bear of the Soviet Union:

:We love our baseball and apple pie

:We love our county fair

:We'll keep Old Glory waving high

:There's no place here for a bear

Advertisers exploited the patriotic connection in the 1970s with the commercial jingle "baseball, hot dogs, apple pie and Chevrolet".

One out of five Americans surveyed (19%) prefer apple pie over all others, followed by pumpkin (13%)

and pecan (12%).{{cite web |url=http://www.piecouncil.org/pdf/Pie_Fun_Facts.pdf |title=Fun facts |website=piecouncil.org |access-date=7 November 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220225349/http://www.piecouncil.org/pdf/Pie_Fun_Facts.pdf |url-status=dead }}

The unincorporated community of Pie Town, New Mexico, is named after apple pie.{{cite web|url=http://www.pietown.com/ |title=Pie Town New Mexico |publisher=Pietown.com |access-date=2013-11-05}}

{{Portal|Food}}

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• Apple strudel (German {{lang|de|Apfelstrudel}}), a large Austrian pastry made with apples, sugar and spices; similar to pie in that the filling is encased by the pastry, but it is rectangular rather than round and cut like coffee cake or stollen rather than like pie
• Apple turnover, similar to strudel but much smaller and triangular in shape, with a higher proportion of pastry to filling
• Apple cake
• Apple cobbler
• Applesauce cake
• List of apple dishes
• List of pies, tarts and flans

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{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Apple pies|apple pies}}

• [http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodpies.html#applepie Food Timeline history Notes:] Apple Pie
• [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15809 A Apple Pie], by Kate Greenaway, 1886. Woodblock printed children's book, based on a much earlier rhyme; from Project Gutenberg
• [http://www.thedutchtable.com/2010/01/appeltaart-dutch-apple-pie.html The Dutch Table: Dutch Apple Pie]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140715103838/http://www.hollandboutique.com/recipes/dutch-apple-pie Dutch Apple Pie Recipe by Liesbeth de Vos]

{{American pies}}

{{British pies}}

{{Apples}}

{{English cuisine}}

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