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autofiction

{{Short description|Form of fictionalized autobiography}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}

{{for multi|the novel by Hitomi Kanehara|Autofiction (novel)|the album by Suede|Autofiction (album)|the predominantly modernist genre that combines autobiography and fiction|autobiografiction}}

Autofiction is, in literary criticism, a form of fictionalized autobiography.

Definition

In autofiction, an author may decide to recount their life in the third person, to modify significant details and characters, use invented subplots and imagined scenarios with real-life characters in the service of a search for self. In this way, autofiction shares similarities with the Bildungsroman as well as the New Narrative movement and has parallels with faction, a genre devised by Truman Capote to describe his work of narrative nonfiction In Cold Blood.{{Cite web |author=Plimpton, George|date=January 16, 1966|title=The Story Behind a Nonfiction Novel |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/12/28/home/capote-interview.html |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=The New York Times}}

Serge Doubrovsky coined the term in 1977 with reference to his novel Fils.{{Cite web |title=Investigation of Autofiction & How it Operates in Gwenaelle Aubry's No One |url=https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=honorstheses |year=2017}} However, autofiction arguably existed as a practice with ancient roots long before Doubrovsky coined the term. Michael Skafidas argues that the first-person narrative can be traced back to the confessional subtleties of Sappho's lyric "I."{{Cite journal |last=Skafidas |first=Michael |year=2019 |title=Celebrating the Self, Remembering the Body: Desire, Identity, and the Confessional Narrative in Autofictional Verse |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esc.2019.0006 |journal=ESC: English Studies in Canada |volume=45 |issue=1–2 |pages=85–111 |doi=10.1353/esc.2019.0006 |issn=1913-4835 |s2cid=239359842|url-access=subscription }} Philippe Vilain distinguishes autofiction from autobiographical novels in that autofiction requires a first-person narrative by a protagonist who has the same name as the author.{{Cite book |last=Vilain |first=Philippe |title=The Novelist's Lexicon: Writers on the Words That Define Their Work |last2=Herman |first2=Jeanine |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0231150804 |editor-last=Villa Gillet |pages=5–7 |chapter=AUTOFICTION |doi=10.7312/vill15080 |jstor=10.7312/vill15080.9 |editor-last2=Le Monde}} Elizabeth Hardwick's novel Sleepless Nights and Chris Kraus's I Love Dick have been deemed early seminal works popularizing the form of autofiction.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

Uses

In India, autofiction has been associated with the works of Hainsia Olindi and postmodern Tamil writer Charu Nivedita. His novel Zero Degree (1998), a groundbreaking work in Tamil literature, and his Marginal Man are examples of this genre.{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Faizal |title=My novel was treated like a song of freedom: Charunivedita |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/My-novel-was-treated-like-a-song-of-freedom-Charunivedita/articleshow/6944370.cms}} In Urdu the fiction novels of Rahman Abbas are considered major work of autofiction, especially his two novels Nakhalistan Ki Talash (In Search of an Oasis) and Khuda Ke Saaye Mein Ankh Micholi (Hide and Seek in the Shadow of God). Japanese author Hitomi Kanehara wrote a novel titled Autofiction.{{Cite web |date=29 February 2008 |title=Autofiction, By Hitomi Kanehara, trans David James Karashima |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/autofiction-by-hitomi-kanehara-trans-david-james-karashima-789374.html |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Autofiction by Hitomi Kanehara {{!}} The Skinny |url=https://www.theskinny.co.uk/books/book-reviews/autofiction-by-hitomi-kanehara |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=theskinny.co.uk |language=en}}

In a 2018 article for New York magazine{{'}}s website Vulture, literary critic Christian Lorentzen wrote, "The term autofiction has been in vogue for the past decade to describe a wave of very good American novels by the likes of Sheila Heti, Ben Lerner, Teju Cole, Jenny Offill, and Tao Lin, among others, as well as the multivolume epic My Struggle by the Norwegian Karl Ove Knausgaard." He elaborated:

The way the term is used tends to be unstable, which makes sense for a genre that blends fiction and what may appear to be fact into an unstable compound. In the past, I've tried to make a distinction in my own use of the term between autobiographical fiction, autobiographical metafiction, and autofiction, arguing that in autofiction there tends to be an emphasis on the narrator's or protagonist's or authorial alter ego's status as a writer or artist and that the book's creation is inscribed in the book itself.{{Cite web |last=Lorentzen |first=Christian |date=May 11, 2018 |title=Sheila Heti, Ben Lerner, Tao Lin: How 'Auto' Is 'Autofiction'? |url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/05/how-auto-is-autofiction.html |website=Vulture}}

Notable authors

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See also

References

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Category:Narrative forms

Category:Autobiographies

Category:Docudramas