chromium(II) sulfide
{{Chembox
| ImageFile = CrS.png
| ImageSize = 200px
| ImageAlt =
| PIN =
| OtherNames =
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| index1_label =
| index4_label =
| CASNo = 12018-06-3
| ChemSpiderID = 10129648
| EINECS =
| PubChem = 11955372
| StdInChI = 1S/Cr.S/q+2;-2
| StdInChIKey = LXEAUGDQDABWTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| SMILES = [S-2].[Cr+2]
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = CrS
| MolarMass = 84.061 g/mol
| Appearance = Black crystals
| Density =
| MeltingPtC = 1550
| BoilingPtC =
| Solubility = Insoluble
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| GHSPictograms =
| GHSSignalWord =
| HPhrases =
| PPhrases =
| FlashPtC =
| AutoignitionPt = }}
|Section6={{Chembox Related
| OtherCompounds = Chromium(III) sulfide
}}
}}
Chromium(II) sulfide is an inorganic compound of chromium and sulfur with the chemical formula CrS.{{cite book |last1=Bretherick |first1=L. |title=Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards |date=27 October 2016 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-4831-6250-8 |page=1074 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_PJCgAAQBAJ&dq=Chromium+(II)+sulfide+CrS&pg=PA1074 |access-date=1 November 2021 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Wiberg |first1=Egon |last2=Holleman |first2=A. F. |last3=Wiberg |first3=Nils |title=Inorganic Chemistry |date=2001 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-352651-9 |page=1372 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mtth5g59dEIC&dq=Chromium+(II)+sulfide+CrS&pg=PA1377 |access-date=1 November 2021 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Sr |first1=Richard J. Lewis |title=Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference |date=13 June 2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-18024-2 |page=670 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZeBDwAAQBAJ&dq=Chromium+(II)+sulfide&pg=PA670 |access-date=1 November 2021 |language=en}} The compound forms black hexagonal crystals, insoluble in water.{{cite book |last1=Lide |first1=David R. |title=1998 Freshman Achievement Award |date=26 June 2006 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-0594-8 |page=6-111 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFjg0L-uOxoC&dq=Chromium+(II)+sulfide&pg=SA6-PA111 |access-date=1 November 2021 |language=en}}
Synthesis
Chromium(II) sulfide may be formed by reaction of chromium metal with sulfur or hydrogen sulfide at high temperature. It may also be formed by reacting chromium(III) chloride with H2S, reducing chromium(III) sulfide with hydrogen, or by double replacement reaction of lithium sulfide with chromium(II) chloride.{{Cite journal |last1=Wadhawan |first1=Amar R. |last2=Livi |first2=Kenneth J. |last3=Stone |first3=Alan T. |last4=Bouwer |first4=Edward J. |date=2015-03-17 |title=Influence of oxygenation on chromium redox reactions with manganese sulfide (MnS(s)) |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |volume=49 |issue=6 |pages=3523–3531 |doi=10.1021/es5057165 |issn=1520-5851 |pmid=25688449 }}
:{{chem2 | Cr + S -> CrS }}
:{{chem2 | Cr + H2S -> CrS + H2 }}
:{{chem2 | 2 CrCl3 + 3 H2S -> 2 CrS + S + 6 HCl }}
:{{chem2 | Cr2S3 + H2 -> 2 CrS + H2S }}
:{{chem2 | Li2S + CrCl2 -> 2 LiCl + CrS }}
Physical properties
Chromium(II) sulfide forms black paramagnetic crystals of two crystalline modifications:{{Cite journal |last=PubChem |title=Chromium sulfide (CrS) |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11955372 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904015205/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chromium_II_-sulfide |archive-date=2022-09-04 |access-date=2022-09-04 |journal=PubChem |year=2002 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=24–26 |publisher=National Library of Medicine |language=en |pmid=11955372}}
- α-CrS, superstructured phase, hexagonal system, cell parameters a = 1.200 nm, c = 1.152 nm.
- β-CrS, monoclinic system, cell parameters a = 0.594 nm, b = 0.341 nm, c = 0.563 nm, β = 91.73°.
Chromium(II) sulfide is a semiconductor,{{cite book| first1=Erwin|last1= Riedel|first2=Christoph|last2= Janiak | title= Anorganische Chemie | publisher= Walter de Gruyter | isbn = 978-3-11-022566-2 |language=German| year= 2011 | page= 732 }}{{cite book|first1= A. F.|last1=Holleman|first2=E.|last2=Wiberg|first3=N.|last3=Wiberg|title=Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. 101. Auflage.|language=German|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year= 1995| isbn= 3-11-012641-9|page= 1451}} and is also used as a catalyst.{{cite book |last1=Macintyre |first1=Jane E. |title=Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds |date=23 July 1992 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-412-30120-9 |page=3082 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eJvoNCSCRMC&dq=Chromium+(II)+sulfide+CrS&pg=PA3082 |access-date=1 November 2021 |language=en}}
Chemical properties
Chromium(II) sulfide slowly oxidizes in air:{{cn|date=December 2021}}
:{{chem2 |2 CrS + 7 O2 -> 2 Cr2O3 + 4 SO2 }}