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clupeiformes

{{Short description|Order of fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Barremian|present|Barremian–present|ref={{Cite journal |last=De Figueiredo |first=Francisco J. |date=2009-12-12 |title=A new clupeiform fish from the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) of Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, northeastern Brazil |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1671/039.029.0402 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=993–1005 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0402 |bibcode=2009JVPal..29..993D |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}}}

| image = Herring2.jpg

| image_upright = 1.1

| image_caption = Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus

| display_parents = 2

| taxon = Clupeiformes

| authority = Goodrich, 1909{{cite journal |author=Thomas J. Near |author2=Christine E. Thacker |title=Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |date=2024 |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=3–302 |doi=10.3374/014.065.0101|bibcode=2024BPMNH..65..101N }}

| subdivision_ranks = Families

| subdivision = See text

| type_species = Clupea harengus

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

}}

Clupeiformes {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|uː|p|iː|ᵻ|f|ɔːr|m|iː|z}} is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, Clupeidae, and the anchovy family, Engraulidae and sardines. The group includes many of the most important forage and food fish.

Clupeiformes are physostomes, which means that their gas bladder has a pneumatic duct connecting it to the gut. They typically lack a lateral line, but still have the eyes, fins and scales that are common to most fish, though not all fish have these attributes. They are generally silvery fish with streamlined, spindle-shaped bodies, and they often school. Most species eat plankton which they filter from the water with their gill rakers.{{cite book |editor1=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N. |author= Nelson, Gareth|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 91–95|isbn= 0-12-547665-5}}

{{anchor|Isospondyli}}

The former order of Isospondyli was subsumed mostly by Clupeiformes,{{cite book|title=Journal of Ichthyology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhAkAQAAIAAJ|volume=46|year=2006|publisher=Scripta|page=S40|quote= within Isospondyli (= Clupeiformes s. lato)}} but some isospondylous fishes (isospondyls) were assigned to Osteoglossiformes, Salmoniformes, Cetomimiformes, etc.{{cite book|author=lfonso L. Rojo|title=Dictionary of Evolutionary Fish Osteology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc03DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT170|year=2017|publisher=CRC |isbn=978-1-351-36604-5|page=170|quote= Under the name Isospondyli, Regan (1909) grouped the fishes having the verterbrae immediately after the skull similar in shape to the remaining ones, in contrast to the ostariophysans, in which the anterior vertebrae are greatly modified. Modern classifications have rejected this artificially constructed group, and the fishes previously assigned to it have been distributed among different orders (Clupeiformes, Osteoglossiformes, Salmoniformes, Cetomimiformes, etc.)}}

Their sister group were the extinct Ellimmichthyiformes, which were dominant throughout much of the Cretaceous and into the Paleogene,{{Cite book |last1=Nelson |first1=Joseph S. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119174844 |title=Fishes of the World |last2=Grande |first2=Terry C. |last3=Wilson |first3=Mark V. H. |date=2016-02-22 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}} and often coexisted with clupeiforms at many known localities. Both groups closely resembled each other morphologically, although the ellimmichthyiformes evolved some highly divergent body plans later in the Cretaceous.

Several fossil clupeiforms are known from the Early Cretaceous of South America that appear to be more closely allied with Clupeioidei over the Denticipitidae. This suggests a very deep divergence within the crown group Clupeiformes that must have occurred during the Early Cretaceous or before.{{cite journal |author=Francisco J. De Figueiredo |year=2009 |title=A new clupeiform fish from the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) of Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeastern Brazil |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=993–1005 |bibcode=2009JVPal..29..993D |doi=10.1671/039.029.0402 |s2cid=220436023}}{{Cite journal |last1=Malabarba |first1=Maria C. |last2=Dario |first2=Fabio Di |date=2017 |title=A new predatory herring-like fish (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) from the early Cretaceous of Brazil, and implications for relationships in the Clupeoidei |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/180/1/175/3799580 |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=180 |issue=1 |pages=175–194}}

Families

{{cladogram|title=Phylogeny of Clupeiformes by Lavoué et al 2014.Sébastien Lavoué, Peter Konstantinidis & Wei-Jen Chen: Progress in Clupeiform Systematics. in Konstantinos Ganias (Hrsg.): Biology and Ecology of Sardines and Anchovies. CRC Press, 2014, {{ISBN|978-1482228540}}

|{{clade|style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%;width:300px;

|label1=Clupeiformes

|1={{clade

|label1=Denticipitoidei

|1=Denticipitidae

|label2=Clupeoidei

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|label1=Engraulidae

|1={{clade

|1=Coiliinae

|2=Engraulinae

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Spratelloidinae

|2={{clade

|1=Pristigasteridae

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Dussumieriidae s.s.

|2=Chirocentridae

}}

|label2=Clupeidae

|2={{clade

|1=Clupeinae

|2=Dorosomatinae

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

The order includes about 405 species in ten families:{{FishBase_order|order=Clupeiformes|year=2023|month=July}}{{cite journal |author1=Lavoue ´ S |author2=Miya M |author3=Musikasinthorn P |author4=Chen W-J |author5=Nishida M |year=2013 |title=Mitogenomic Evidence for an Indo-West Pacific Origin of the Clupeoidei (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=e56485 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0056485|pmid=23431379 |pmc=3576394|bibcode=2013PLoSO...856485L |doi-access=free }}{{Catalog of Fishes |title=Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification|url=https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/?_gl=1*1kpq83y*_ga*NzY5Njk4MjI1LjE3MTY0NTU1NTc.*_ga_6Y72VP61VZ*MTcxNjQ1NTU1Ni4xLjAuMTcxNjQ1NTU2MS41NS4wLjA. |access-date=23 May 2024}}

  • Order Clupeiformes
  • Genus †Histiothrissa Woodward, 1901
  • Genus ?†Jhingrania Misra & Saxena, 1959 (possibly a clupavid){{Cite journal |last1=Parmar |first1=Varun |last2=Prasad |first2=G. V. R. |date=2020-03-01 |title=Vertebrate evolution on the Indian raft - Biogeographic conundrums |journal=Episodes Journal of International Geoscience |language=en |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=461–475 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020029|doi-access=free }}{{Cite book |last1=Khosla |first1=Ashu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OsJQDwAAQBAJ |title=Cretaceous Period: Biotic Diversity and Biogeography: Bulletin 71 |last2=Lucas |first2=Spencer G. |date=2016-01-01 |publisher=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science |language=en}}
  • Genus †Santanaclupea Maisey, 1993
  • Genus †Spratticeps Patterson, 1970
  • Suborder Denticipitoidei Grande, 1982
  • Family Denticipitidae Clausen, 1959 (denticle herring)
  • Suborder Clupeoidei Bleeker, 1849
  • Genus †Beksinskiella Granica, Bieńowska-Wasiluki & Paldyna, 2004 {{Cite journal |last1=Pałdyna |first1=Marcin |last2=Bieńkowska-Wasiluk |first2=Małgorzata |last3=Granica |first3=Mateusz |date=2024 |title=A new clupeoid genus from the Oligocene of Central Paratethys (Menilite Formation, Poland) |url=https://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/148029/edition/130169 |journal=Acta Geologica Polonica |volume=74 |issue=1 |page=E5 |doi=10.24425/agp.2024.148029 |issn=0001-5709|doi-access=free }}
  • Genus †Nolfia De Figueiredo, 2009{{Cite journal |last=De Figueiredo |first=Francisco J. |date=2009-07-21 |title=A new marine clupeoid fish from the Lower Cretaceous of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, northeastern Brazil |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2164.1.2 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=2164 |issue=1 |pages=21–32 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2164.1.2 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }}
  • Genus †Pseudoellima De Figueiredo, 2009
  • Family †Cynoclupeidae Malabarba & Di Dario, 2017
  • Family Spratelloididae D. S. Jordan 1925 (dwarf herrings or small round herrings)
  • Family Engraulidae Gill, 1861 (anchovies)
  • Family Clupeidae Cuvier, 1816 (herrings and sprats)
  • Family Chirocentridae Bleeker, 1849 (wolf herrings)
  • Family Dussumieriidae Gill, 1861 (round herrings or rainbow sardines)
  • Family Pristigasteridae Bleeker, 1872 (longfin herrings)
  • Family Ehiravidae Deraniyagala, 1929 (river sprats)
  • Family Alosidae Svetovidov, 1952 (shads and sardines)
  • Family Dorosomatidae Gill, 1861 (thread herrings or gizzard shads and sardinellas)

Timeline of genera

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from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.

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color:latejurassic bar:NAM1 from:-161.2 till:-149.03 text:Pachythrissops

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color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text:Ornategulum

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM4 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text:Scombroclupea

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color:latecretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-85.8 till:-83.5 text:Histiothrissa

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-70.6 till:-65.5 text:Gasteroclupea

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color:eocene bar:NAM8 from:-55.8 till:-33.9 text:Hacquetia

color:eocene bar:NAM9 from:-55.8 till:0 text:Clupea

color:eocene bar:NAM10 from:-55.8 till:0 text:Harengula

color:eocene bar:NAM11 from:-55.8 till:0 text:Chirocentrus

color:eocene bar:NAM12 from:-48.6 till:0 text:Etrumeus

color:eocene bar:NAM13 from:-48.6 till:0 text:Sardinella

color:eocene bar:NAM14 from:-37.2 till:0 text:Alosa

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color:oligocene bar:NAM16 from:-33.9 till:0 text:Pomolobus

color:oligocene bar:NAM17 from:-28.4 till:0 text:Sardina

color:miocene bar:NAM18 from:-23.03 till:0 text:Stolephorus

color:miocene bar:NAM19 from:-23.03 till:0 text:Anchoa

color:miocene bar:NAM20 from:-23.03 till:0 text:Ilisha

color:miocene bar:NAM21 from:-23.03 till:0 text:Sardinops

color:miocene bar:NAM22 from:-15.97 till:0 text:Pseudohilsa

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References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{cite journal|last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology |volume=363 |pages=1–560 |year=2002 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |access-date=2011-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220223520/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |archive-date=2009-02-20 }}

{{Actinopterygii}}

{{Diversity of fish}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q193389}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Ray-finned fish orders

Category:Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker