commelinids

Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid.{{sfn|Harris|Hartley|1976}}

The commelinids constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots, and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems. It consists of four orders:

• Arecales (palms)
• Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth)
• Poales (grasses, rushes, bromeliads)
• Zingiberales (gingers, banana)

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As of APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales.{{sfn|APG IV|2016}}

The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots). The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

{{Indent|5}}subclass Commelinidae

{{Indent|10}}superorder Bromelianae

{{Indent|20}}order Bromeliales

{{Indent|20}}order Velloziales

{{Indent|10}}superorder Pontederianae

{{Indent|20}}order Philydrales

{{Indent|20}}order Pontederiales

{{Indent|20}}order Haemodorales

{{Indent|10}}superorder Zingiberanae

{{Indent|20}}order Musales

{{Indent|20}}order Lowiales

{{Indent|20}}order Zingiberales

{{Indent|20}}order Cannales

{{Indent|10}}superorder Commelinanae

{{Indent|20}}order Commelinales

{{Indent|20}}order Mayacales

{{Indent|20}}order Xyridales

{{Indent|20}}order Rapateales

{{Indent|20}}order Eriocaulales

{{Indent|10}}superorder Hydatellanae

{{Indent|20}}order Hydatellales

{{Indent|10}}superorder Juncanae

{{Indent|20}}order Juncales

{{Indent|20}}order Cyperales

{{Indent|10}}superorder Poanae

{{Indent|20}}order Flagellariales

{{Indent|20}}order Restionales

{{Indent|20}}order Centrolepidales

{{Indent|20}}order Poales

The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

{{Indent|5}}subclass Commelinidae

{{Indent|10}}order Commelinales

{{Indent|10}}order Eriocaulales

{{Indent|10}}order Restionales

{{Indent|10}}order Juncales

{{Indent|10}}order Cyperales

{{Indent|10}}order Hydatellales

{{Indent|10}}order Typhales

The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids).http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/ the official APG website{{cite journal|doi=10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x | volume=141 | issue=4 | title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II | journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society | pages=399–436| year=2003 | doi-access=}}

• List of commelinid families

{{reflist|1=2|refs=

{{cite journal | last= Cantino | first= Philip D. |author2=James A. Doyle |author3=Sean W. Graham |author4=Walter S. Judd |author5=Richard G. Olmstead |author6=Douglas E. Soltis |author-link6=Douglas E. Soltis |author7=Pamela S. Soltis |author-link7=Pamela S. Soltis |author8=Michael J. Donoghue | year=2007 | title=Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta | journal=Taxon | volume=56 | issue=3 | pages= E1–E44 | doi=10.2307/25065865| jstor= 25065865}}

{{cite book | last1=Dahlgren | first1=R. M. T. | title=Evolutionary Biology | last2=Rassmussen | first2=F. | year=1983 | chapter=Monocotyledon evolution. Characters and phylogenetic estimation | volume=16 | pages=255–395 | doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-6971-8_7 | isbn=978-1-4615-6973-2}}

{{cite book | last=Takhtajan | first=A. | year=1967 | title=Система и филогения цветковых растений (Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum) | location=Moscow | publisher=Nauka}}

{{cite journal |last=APG |title=An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants |journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |year=1998 |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=531–553 |jstor=2992015 |doi=10.2307/2992015|bibcode=1998AnMBG..85..531. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/2234}}

{{cite journal |last=APG II |title=An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |year=2003 |volume=141 |issue=4 |pages=399–436 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x |doi-access=}}

}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite journal |last = APG IV |author-link=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |year=2016 |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal|last1=Barrett|first1=Craig F.|last2=Baker|first2=William J.|last3=Comer|first3=Jason R.|last4=Conran|first4=John G.|last5=Lahmeyer|first5=Sean C.|last6=Leebens-Mack|first6=James H.|last7=Li|first7=Jeff|last8=Lim|first8=Gwynne S.|last9=Mayfield-Jones|first9=Dustin R.|last10=Perez|first10=Leticia|last11=Medina|first11=Jesus|last12=Pires|first12=J. Chris|last13=Santos|first13=Cristian|last14=Wm. Stevenson|first14=Dennis|last15=Zomlefer|first15=Wendy B.|last16=Davis|first16=Jerrold I.|title=Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots|journal=New Phytologist|date=January 2016|volume=209|issue=2|pages=855–870|doi=10.1111/nph.13617|pmid=26350789|ref={{harvid|Barrett et al|2016}}|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016NewPh.209..855B }}
• {{cite book | last1=Dahlgren | first1=R. M. T. | last2=Clifford | first2=H. T. | last3=Yeo | first3=P. F. | year=1985 | title=The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy | location=Berlin | publisher=Springer-Verlag | isbn=978-3-540-13655-2 }}
• {{cite journal | last1=Harris | first1=P.J.| last2=Hartley | first2=R.D. | year=1976 | title=Detection of bound ferulic acid in cell walls of the Gramineae by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy | journal=Nature | volume=259 | issue=5543| pages=508–510| doi=10.1038/259508a0| bibcode=1976Natur.259..508H| s2cid=4272319}}

{{refend}}

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• {{Commons category-inline}}

{{Monocotyledons}}

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Category:Plant unranked clades