de Havilland Aircraft Museum

{{Infobox museum

| name = de Havilland Aircraft Museum

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| map_type = Hertfordshire

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| coordinates = {{coord|51.710833|-0.271111|display=inline,title}}

| former_name = {{unbulleted list|Mosquito Aircraft Museum|de Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre}}

| established = {{Start date|1959}}

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| location = London Colney, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

| type = Aviation museum

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| website = {{URL|https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk|dehavillandmuseum.co.uk}}

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The de Havilland Aircraft Museum, formerly the de Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre, is a volunteer-run aviation museum in London Colney, Hertfordshire, UK.Ellis 2004, p.79.

The Museum's mission is to preserve and communicate the de Havilland Heritage to ensure that current and future generations of all ages will understand de Havilland’s contribution to innovative British Aviation technology.{{cite web |title=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/about-us/our-mission/ }}

The collection was originally built around the definitive prototype and restoration shops for the de Havilland Mosquito and now also includes several examples of the de Havilland Vampire – the third operational jet aircraft in the world. The museum is the largest such museum devoted to one manufacturer in the country.

History

=Salisbury Hall=

File:Salisbury Hall.jpg

The site has been occupied by a number of large manor houses since the 9th century. The present house was built around 1668 by the London banker James Hoare, bringing with it associations with Charles II and Nell Gwynne, who lived in a cottage by the bridge to the Hall. The Hall subsequently passed through various hands, and during the latter part of the 19th century was occupied by a succession of farmers. However, about 1905 Lady Randolph Churchill, as Mrs Cornwallis West, came here to live. Her son, Winston Churchill, became a regular visitor.

During the 1930s, Sir Nigel Gresley, of the London and North Eastern Railway, was in residence. He was responsible for the A4 Pacific steam locomotives, one of which, Mallard, still holds the world speed record for steam locomotives of {{convert|126|mph|abbr=on}}. It is believed that the locomotive was named after the ducks in the moat.

In September 1939, the de Havilland Aircraft Company established the Mosquito design team in the Hall, the prototype Mosquito, E0234/W4050, subsequently being built in the adjacent buildings, to the side of Salisbury Hall. These have since been demolished.

After the acquisition of Airspeed Ltd by de Havilland Aircraft Company Airspeed Ltd assembled a design team, headed by aircraft designer Hessell Tiltman.Mrazek 1977, pg. 70. Tiltman's design efforts were initially carried out at the de Havilland technical school at Hatfield, Hertfordshire, before relocating to Salisbury Hall, London Colney. The Airspeed building were behind Salisbury Hall and have since been demolished. Part of the site of the former Airspeed Ltd building is now covered by the new Geoffrey de Havilland Hangar.

After de Havilland left in 1947 the Hall slipped into a derelict condition.{{cite web |title=de Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre - incorporating the Mosquito Aircraft Museum |url=http://www.culture24.org.uk/am17636 |website=Culture 24 |access-date=22 September 2020}}

When Walter Goldsmith, a retired army major, purchased Salisbury Hall, he soon came to realise that it had been used by de Havilland during the war. On contacting Bill Baird, then in charge of PR at de Havilland at Hatfield, he discovered that the company had used it as the design centre for the Mosquito, and that Baird had squirrelled the original prototype away in the Fiddlebridge stores, just off the airfield at Hatfield. Having resisted several calls to burn the aircraft, Baird was delighted to find someone who could offer the old aircraft a home. de Havilland carried out basic restoration work at Hatfield, and Goldsmith accepted the aircraft back at Salisbury Hall in 1959.

=Prototype Mosquito and Early exhibits=

The prototype Mosquito became the first aircraft to be displayed at Salisbury Hall, and was followed by examples of the de Havilland Vampire and Venom in 1968. In 1970, the collection was joined by a further example of the de Havilland Mosquito, which had been donated by Liverpool Corporation, following its use in the film Mosquito Squadron.{{cite web |last1=Birtles |first1=Philip |title=MUSEUM HISTORY |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/about-us/museum-history |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=22 September 2020 |date=January 2016}}{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH98 MOSQUITO B.MK.35 |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh98-mosquito-b-mk-35/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum}}

The collection was later expanded, with examples of the single-seat Vampire, Sea Venom, Sea Vixen, Chipmunk and Dove all arriving by 1978. Additionally, the fuselage of a Mosquito FB6 arrived in 1976; it is now the only survivor of the most numerous sub-type to be preserved in Europe. The museum houses the fuselage of the last surviving square-windowed de Havilland Comet 1, the world's first jet airliner.

=Later history=

The supporters' society has been responsible for the restoration and conservation of many of the exhibits, starting with the Chipmunk in 1978, an airframe which was subsequently restored by members once more between 2003 and 2007. The supporters were also active in building a hangar to house the ex-Liverpool Mosquito in 1980, and then completely restoring the aircraft, a task they completed in 1990. The supporters' society has also been responsible for work on a Tiger Moth, Hornet Moth, Mosquito 6, Heron, Dove, several Vampires and many other aircraft in the collection.

In 2001, it was recognised that the prototype Mosquito was in dire need of conservation work. This work was supported by BAE Systems.Ellis 2004, p.80. and the Heritage Lottery fund. The prototype Mosquito restoration was completed in December 2015 almost to the minute of its 75th anniversary.{{cite news |title=Restored WWII Mosquito unveiled at de Havilland Museum on 75th anniversary of maiden flight |url=https://www.hertsad.co.uk/news/restored-wwii-mosquito-unveiled-at-de-havilland-museum-on-75th-5041694 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=The Herts Advertiser |date=3 December 2015 }} It is now on display with the other two Mosquitos in the Walter Goldsmith Hangar.

In January 2016 the museum opened a new hangar initially named the Geoffrey de Havilland Hangar. This hangar was later renamed the Amy Johnson Hangar when the new hangar opened and is now used for workshops where the public can see the volunteers working on museum projects.

The museum opened the new Sir Geoffrey de Havilland Hangar in February 2020.{{cite web |title=NEW HANGAR PROJECT |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/about-us/new-hangar-project |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=22 September 2020}}{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Alan |title=What to see at new-look de Havilland Aircraft Museum |url=http://www.whtimes.co.uk/news/de-havilland-aircraft-museum-new-hangar-1-6516130 |access-date=22 September 2020 |work=Welwyn Hatfield Times |date=16 February 2020}}

Collection

=Aircraft on display=

File:TigerGANRX.JPG

File:DH.98 Mosquito Prototype W4050 at the de Havilland Aircraft Museum.jpg

File:CometNose.JPG

File:De Havilland Aircraft Museum Hertfordshire.jpg

Airspeed Horsa I/II BAPC.232 – Composite fuselage{{cite web |title=AIRSPEED AS.51 & 58 HORSA GLIDER |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/airspeed-as-51-58-horsa-glider |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
British Aerospace 146-100 G-JEAO – Fuselage only{{cite web |title=BRITISH AEROSPACE BAE 146-100 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/british-aerospace-bae-146-100 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
Cierva C.24 G-ABLM – On permanent loan from the Science Museum{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND CIERVA C.24 AUTOGIRO |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-cierva-c-24-autogiro |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.53 Humming Bird J7326 – Fuselage only{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH53 HUMMING BIRD |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh53-humming-bird |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.82 Tiger Moth G-ANRX{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH82A TIGER MOTH |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh82a-tiger-moth |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.82 Queen Bee LF789 – Fuselage only{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH82B QUEEN BEE |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh82b-queen-bee |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.87 Hornet Moth G-ADOT{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH87B HORNET MOTH |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh87b-hornet-moth |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.88 Comet G-ACSR – Replica{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH88 COMET RACER |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh88-comet-racer |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito Prototype W4050

{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH98 MOSQUITO PROTOTYPE |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh98-mosquito-prototype/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum}}

de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito FB.VI TA122/TW233{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH98 MOSQUITO FB MK.VI |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh98-mosquito-fb-mk-vi |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito TT(B)35 TA634{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH98 MOSQUITO B.MK.35 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh98-mosquito-b-mk-35 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.100 Vampire FB.6 J-1008{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH100 VAMPIRE FB.6 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh100-vampire-fb-6 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.103 Hornet VX250 – Tail section{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH103 SEA HORNET NF.21 (TAIL SECTION) |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh103-sea-hornet-nf-21-tail-section |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.104 Dove 8 G-AREA{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH104 DOVE MK.8 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh104-dove-mk-8 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1A F-BGNX – Fuselage only{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH106 COMET 1A |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh106-comet-1a |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1A G-ANAV – Nose section{{cite web |title=COMET G-ANAV FOR MAGS |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/news/comet-g-anav-for-mags |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020 |date=6 May 2016}}
de Havilland DH.106 Comet C.2(R) XK695 – Cockpit section{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH106 COMET 2R |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh106-comet-2r |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.106 Comet 2 – Nose section{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH106 COMET 4 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh106-comet-4 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.110 Sea Vixen FAW.2 XJ565{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH110 SEA VIXEN FAW.2 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh110-sea-vixen-faw-2 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.114 Heron G-AOTI{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH114 HERON MK.2D |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh114-heron-mk-2d |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.115 Vampire T.11 XJ772{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH115 VAMPIRE T.11 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh115-vampire-t-11 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.125 Series 1 G-ARYC{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH125 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh125 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk T.10 WP790{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DHC1 CHIPMUNK T.MK.10 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dhc1-chipmunk-t-mk-10 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
Hawker Siddeley HS.121 Trident 2E G-AVFH{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH121 TRIDENT |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh121-trident |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}

=Aircraft in storage=

de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito TT.35 TJ118 – Fuselage, with nose section removed.{{cite web |title=Aircraft in Storage – Misc |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/aircraft-in-storage-summary/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum }}
de Havilland DH.100 Vampire FB.5 VV217{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH 100 VAMPIRE FB5 VV217 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh-100-vampire-fb5-vv217 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.104 Dove 6 D-IFSB – On loan to ARG Fishburn {{cite web |title=Aircraft in Storage – Misc |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/aircraft-in-storage-summary/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum }}
de Havilland DH.112 Venom FB.4 WR539{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH112 VENOM FB.4 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh112-venom-fb-4 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.112 Venom FB.50 J-1632 {{cite web |title=Aircraft in Storage – Misc |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/aircraft-in-storage-summary/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum }}
de Havilland DH.112 Venom FB.54 J-1790 {{cite web |title=Aircraft in Storage – Misc |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/aircraft-in-storage-summary/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum }}
de Havilland DH.112 Venom NF.3 WX853{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH112 VENOM NF.3 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh112-venom-nf-3 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.113 Vampire NF.10 WM729 – fuselage pod only{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH113 VAMPIRE NF10 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh113-vampire-nf10 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.125 Jet Dragon G-ARYA – Cockpit section only {{cite web |title=Aircraft in Storage – Misc |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/aircraft-in-storage-summary/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum }}

=Aircraft under restoration=

de Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapide G-AKDW{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH89A DRAGON RAPIDE |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh89a-dragon-rapide |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland DH.112 Sea Venom FAW.22 XG730{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND DH112 SEA VENOM FAW.22 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-dh112-sea-venom-faw-22 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}

=Engines on display=

File:Halford Engine Collection (de Havilland Aircraft Museum).jpg

;Piston engines

de Havilland Iris (replica) {{cite web |title=de Havilland Iris replica |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-iris-replica/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum }}
de Havilland Gipsy{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND GIPSY III |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-gipsy-iii |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland Gipsy Major{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND GIPSY MAJOR |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-gipsy-major |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland Gipsy Queen{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND GIPSY QUEEN 30 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-gipsy-queen-30 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland Gipsy Twelve{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND GIPSY TWELVE |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-gipsy-twelve |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
Rolls-Royce Merlin{{cite web |title=Rolls Royce Merlin Mk 25 (cutaway) |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/rolls-royce-merlin-mk-25-cutaway/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum }}

;Gas turbine engines

de Havilland Ghost{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND GHOST MK. 104 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-ghost-mk-104 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland Goblin{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND GOBLIN 35 |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-goblin-35 |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland Gyron{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND GYRON |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-gyron |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland Gyron Junior{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND GYRON JUNIOR |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-gyron-junior |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
Rolls-Royce Gnome{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND GNOME |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-gnome |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}

;Turboprop engines

de Havilland H3{{cite web |title=de Havilland H3 Turbo-prop |url=https://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-h3-turbo-prop/ |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum }}

;Rocket engines

de Havilland Super Sprite{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND SUPER SPRITE |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-super-sprite |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}
de Havilland Spectre{{cite web |title=DE HAVILLAND SPECTRE ROCKET |url=http://www.dehavillandmuseum.co.uk/aircraft/de-havilland-spectre-rocket |website=de Havilland Aircraft Museum |access-date=21 September 2020}}