egg-and-dart

{{short description|Ornamental device alternating ovals with points}}

File:Detail of capital (egg and dart). 1 April 1992. - Jefferson Memorial, East Potomac Park, Washington, District of Columbia, DC HABS DC,WASH,453-32.tif at the Jefferson Memorial]]

Egg-and-dart, also known as egg-and-tongue, egg-and-anchor, or egg-and-star,{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Philippa |last2=Darley |first2=G. |title=Dictionary of Ornament |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoforna00phil |url-access=registration |publisher=Pantheon |location=New York |year=1986 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoforna00phil/page/116 116] |isbn=0-394-50931-5}} is an ornamental device adorning the fundamental quarter-round, convex ovolo profile of moulding, consisting of alternating details on the face of the ovolo—typically an egg-shaped object alternating with a V-shaped element (e.g., an arrow, anchor, or dart). The device is carved or otherwise fashioned into ovolos composed of wood, stone, plaster, or other materials.

Egg-and-dart enrichment of the ovolo molding of the Ionic capital was used by ancient Greek builders, so it is found in ancient Greek architecture (e.g., the Erechtheion at the Acropolis of Athens),Shoe, Lucy T. (1936) Profiles of Greek Mouldings,{{full|date=January 2020}} and Shoe, Lucy T. (1950) "Greek Mouldings of Kos and Rhodes", Hesperia 19 (4, October-December): 338-369. was used later by the Romans and continues to adorn capitals of modern buildings built in Classical styles (e.g., the Ionic capitals of the Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C., or the ones of the Romanian Athenaeum from Bucharest). Its ovoid shape (the egg) and serrated leaf (the dart) are believed to represent the opium poppy and its leaves. {{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} The moulding design element continues in use in neoclassical architecture.{{cite web |last=Regan |first=Raina |title=Building Language: Egg-and-dart |url=http://historicindianapolis.com/building-language-egg-and-dart/ |website=Historic Indianapolis |publisher=historicindianapolis.com |date=February 21, 2012 |access-date=11 September 2016}}{{cite web |title=Egg-and-dart |url=http://buffaloah.com/a/DCTNRY/e/egg.html |website=Buffalo as an Architectural Museum |publisher=buffaloah.com |access-date=11 September 2016}} As a mass-produced architectural motif at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, it can, when seen alongside dentils (tooth-like blocks of wood in rows), be used to date a building to the Edwardian period, which began with the death of Queen Victoria in 1901.

Gallery

File:Illustration of the polychrome Doric order of the east facade of the Propylaea on the Acropolis of Athens, Greece.jpg|Polychrome Ancient Greek egg-and-dart on the last molding on the top of the pediment from the Propylaia, Athens, unknown architect, 437-432 BC

File:Detail Erechtheum Acropolis Athens.jpg|Ancient Greek egg-and-dart on the Erechtheion, Athens, Greece, unknown architect or sculptor, 421-405 BC{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=38|url=|language=en}}

File:Erechteion - chapiteau.jpg|Ancient Greek egg-and-dart on an Ionic capital of the Erechtheion

File:Terracotta oinochoe- chous (jug) MET DT201072.jpg|Ancient Greek egg-and-dart painted on the lower part of an oenochoe, by the Meidias Painter, 420–410 BC, terracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

File:Bronze hydria (water jar) MET DT1071.jpg|Ancient Greek egg-and-dart on a hydria (water jar), 4th century BC, bronze, Metropolitan Museum of Art

File:Ancient Collection MfA Boston 1233.JPG|Ancient Greek egg-and-dart on the lip of a krater, 375-350 BC, ceramic, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, US{{cite book|last1=Papaioannou|first1=Kostas|title=L’art grec|date=1975|publisher=Mazenod|isbn=|page=447|url=|language=fr}}

File:Cratere a calice in bronzo, con decorazioni a tema dionisiaco, forse dalla macedonia, 340 ac. ca., n. 26769.jpg|Ancient Greek egg-and-dart on a calyx-krater, {{circa}}340 BC, bronze, National Archaeological Museum, Athens

File:Ionic capital, Temple of Portunus.JPG|Roman egg-and-dart on an Ionic capital from the Temple of Portunus, Rome, unknown architect or sculptor, early 4th century BC

File:Marble column from the Temple of Artemis at Sardis MET DP144130.jpg|Ancient Greek egg-and-dart on the abacus and with palmettes on them between the volutes of an Ionic column from the Temple of Artemis in Sardis, Turkey, {{circa}}300 BC, marble, Metropolitan Museum of Art

File:Clevelandart 1989.31.jpg|Ancient Greek egg-and-dart on an Ancient Egyptian Mit Rahina ware vessel, {{circa}}200 BC, faience, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, US

File:0 Mosaïque de théâtre dionysiaque- Pal Massimo.JPG|Roman egg-and-dart on a mosaic with a Dionisiac theatre mask, late 1st century BC, mosaic, National Roman Museum of Palazzo Massimo, Rome

File:0 'Niké' mosaïque à caissons - Pal. Massimo.JPG|Roman egg-and-dart on a mosaic with Nike, unknown date, mosaic, National Roman Museum of Palazzo Massimo

File:Colonne a mosaico in pasta vitrea dalla casa delle colonne a mosaico a pompei, inv. 9996, 10000, 9995 e 10001, 03.JPG|Roman egg-and-dart on the base of a column, unknown date, mosaic, National Archaeological Museum, Naples, US

File:Maison Carree in Nimes (9).jpg|Roman egg-and-dart on the cornice of the Maison carrée, Nîmes, France, unknown architect or sculptor, 2 AD

File:Arc titus entablement face est.jpg|Roman egg-and-dart on the Arch of Titus, Rome, unknown architect or sculptor, 1st-century AD

File:Arco di tito, rilievi 02.JPG|Roman egg-and-dart in the coffers on the ceiling in the Arch of Titus

file:ArcoTitoTrabeazioneCapComp.jpg|Roman egg-and-dart on a Composite capital of the Arch of Titus

File:Roman sarcophagus with lions, 3rd century AD, marble, Antikensammlung SL 3.2-2, in the Neues Museum, Berlin (03).jpg|Roman egg-and-dart on a sarcophagus with lions, 3rd century AD, marble, Neues Museum, Berlin

File:Achillesplatte Augusta Raurica.jpg|Roman egg-and-dart border of a plate from the silver treasure of Augusta Raurica, mid 4th century, silver, Augusta Raurica Museum, near Augusta Raurica, Switzerland{{cite book|last1=Virginia|first1=L. Campbell|title=Ancient Rome - Pocket Museum|date=2017|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51959-2|page=245|url=|language=en}}

File:Euphrasian Basilica Capital 3.JPG|Byzantine egg-and-dart on a Composite capital in the Euphrasian Basilica, Poreč, Croatia, unknown architect, 6th century

File:Aya sofia, interno, aula, pennacchi e capitelli traforati, 11.jpg|Byzantine egg-and-dart on a basket capital in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, by Anthemius of Tralles or Isidore of Miletus, 6th century

File:Romans-sur-Isère Collégiale Saint-Barnard 150333.JPG|Romanesque egg-and-dart on a capital from the Collegiate Church of Saint-Barnard, Romans-sur-Isère, France, unknown architect or sculptor, 838

File:Desiderio da settignano, tabernacolo del ss. sacramento, 1461, 05.JPG|Renaissance egg-and-dart on the San Lorenzo Tabernacle, by Desiderio da Settignano and Baccio da Montelupo, 1461, marble, Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy

Détail de la cheminée de la grande salle - orbes et dards.JPG|Renaissance egg-and-dart in Hôtel d'Alluye, Blois, France, unknown architect or sculptor, 1498 (or 1500)-1508

File:Jug, 1854 (CH 18607019).jpg|Neoclassical reinterpretation of the egg-and-dart on a jug, 1854, unglazed porcelain (Parian ware), Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York City

File:Town hall of Paris Ier arrondissement 2, Paris 2010.jpg|Neoclassical egg-and-dart on the Ionic capitals of the Town Hall of the 1st arrondissement of Paris, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, 1858-1860

File:26 Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest (09).jpg|Neoclassical egg-and-dart on arches of Cinema București (Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta no. 26), Bucharest, Romania, attributed to Alexandru Orăscu, 1884

File:18 Strada Grigore Cobălcescu, Bucharest (05).jpg|Renaissance Revival margent on a pilaster of Strada Grigore Cobălcescu no. 18, Bucharest, unknown architect, {{circa}}1890

File:59 Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest (05).jpg|Neoclassical egg-art-dart on the cornice of Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta no. 59, Bucharest, unknown architect, {{circa}}1900

File:Grave of the George Assan and Petre Petrini Family in the Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest, Romania (09).jpg|Art Nouveau egg-and-dart on the Grave of the George Assan and Petre Petrini Family in the Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest, unknown architect or sculptor, {{circa}}1900

File:4 Strada Paris, Bucharest (03).jpg|Art Deco egg-and-dart on a door inside Strada Paris no. 4, Bucharest, unknown architect or sculptor, {{circa}}1930

File:Sculpture 09297.jpg|Art Deco reinterpretation of the egg-and-dart (above the mascaron and under the dentils) in the Reims Opera House, Reims, France, by François Maille and Louis Sollier, 1931–1932{{Cite book|title=Le Rouge et Or|first=Georges|last=Banu|publisher=Flammarion|year=1989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kd1GoiiWmX0C|language=fr|page=279|isbn=9782080109583}}

Orna100-Blatt-Eierstab.png|Egg-and-dart motifs (on right) from Meyer's Ornament

References

External links

{{commonscat-inline|Egg and dart}}

Category:Ornaments (architecture)

Category:Visual motifs

egg-and-dart

Gallery

See also

References

Further reading

External links