eth

In Faroese, {{angbr|ð}} is not assigned to any particular phoneme and appears mostly for etymological reasons, but it indicates most glides. When {{angbr|ð}} appears before {{angbr|r}}, it is in a few words pronounced {{IPA|[ɡ]}}. In the Faroese alphabet, {{angbr|ð}} follows {{angbr|d}}.

{{angbr|Ð}} is sometimes used in Khmer romanization to represent {{lang|km|ឍ}} {{Transliteration|km|thô}}.

File:Icelandic handwriting.JPG}}, {{lang|is|við}} and {{lang|is|niður}}. Also visible is a thorn in the word {{lang|is|því}}.]]

In Icelandic, {{angbr|ð}}, called "eð", represents an alveolar non-sibilant fricative, voiced {{IPAblink|ð̠}} intervocalically and word-finally, and voiceless {{IPAblink|θ̠}} otherwise, which form one phoneme, {{IPA|/θ/}}. Generally, {{IPA|/θ/}} is represented by thorn {{angbr|Þ}} at the beginning of words and by {{angbr|ð}} elsewhere. The {{angbr|ð}} in the name of the letter is devoiced in the nominative and accusative cases: {{IPA|[ɛθ̠]}}. In the Icelandic alphabet, {{angbr|ð}} follows {{angbr|d}}.

In Olav Jakobsen Høyem's version of {{lang|nn|Nynorsk}} based on {{lang|nn|Trøndersk}}, {{angbr|ð}} was always silent, and was introduced for etymological reasons.

In Old English, {{angbr|ð}} (called {{lang|ang|ðæt}}) was used interchangeably with {{angbr|þ}} to represent the Old English dental fricative phoneme {{IPAslink|θ}} or its allophone {{IPAblink|ð}}, which exist in modern English as the voiceless and voiced dental fricatives both now spelled {{angbr|th}}.

Unlike the runic letter {{angbr|þ}}, {{angbr|ð}} is a modified Roman letter. Neither {{angbr|ð}} nor {{angbr|þ}} was found in the earliest records of Old English. A study of Mercian royal diplomas found that {{angbr|ð}} began to emerge in the early 8th century, with {{angbr|ð}} becoming strongly preferred by the 780s.{{cite journal |first=Philip |last=Shaw |title=Adapting the Roman alphabet for writing Old English: evidence from coin epigraphy and single-sheet charters |journal=Early Medieval Europe |volume=21 |issue=2 |year=2013 |pages=115–139 |doi=10.1111/emed.12012 |s2cid=163075636 }} Another source indicates that the letter is "derived from Irish writing".{{cite book |last=Freeborn |first=Dennis |title=From Old English to Standard English |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CP16STG5NRUC |publisher=Macmillan |year=1992 |location=London |page=24 |isbn=9780776604695 }}

Under the reign of King Alfred the Great, {{angbr|þ}} grew greatly in popularity and started to overtake {{angbr|ð}}, and did so completely by the Middle English period. {{angbr|þ}} in turn went obsolete by the Early Modern English period, mostly due to the rise of the printing press,{{cite book |title=The Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System |isbn=9780367581565 |chapter=Chapter 25: Typography and the printed English text |first=Will |last=Hill |date=30 June 2020 |chapter-url=https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/703215/1/25HillFinalDV.pdf |page=6 |quote=The types used by Caxton and his contemporaries originated in Holland and Belgium, and did not provide for the continuing use of elements of the Old English alphabet such as thorn <þ>, eth <ð>, and yogh <ʒ>. The substitution of visually similar typographic forms has led to some anomalies which persist to this day in the reprinting of archaic texts and the spelling of regional words. The widely misunderstood ‘ye’ occurs through a habit of printer’s usage that originates in Caxton’s time, when printers would substitute the (often accompanied by a superscript ) in place of the thorn <þ> or the eth <ð>, both of which were used to denote both the voiced and non-voiced sounds, /ð/ and /θ/ (Anderson, D. (1969) The Art of Written Forms. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p 169) |access-date=7 July 2022 |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710022857/https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/703215/1/25HillFinalDV.pdf |url-status=dead }} and was replaced by the digraph {{angbr|th}}.

{{angbr|Ð}} has also been used by some in written Welsh to represent {{IPA|/ð/}}, which is normally represented as {{angbr|dd}}.{{citation |url=http://people.pwf.cam.ac.uk/dwew2/hcwl/t/webconc/t100.htm |title=Testament Newydd (1567) |trans-title=The 1567 New Testament |access-date=2011-01-30 |archive-date=2012-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129065239/http://people.pwf.cam.ac.uk/dwew2/hcwl/t/webconc/t100.htm |url-status=dead }}.

• {{IPA|/ð/}} (U+00F0) represents a voiced dental fricative in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
• {{IPA|/ᶞ/}} (U+1D9E) is used in phonetic transcription.{{Cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf |title=L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS|date=2004-04-19 |first=Peter |last=Constable}}
• ᴆ (U+1D06) is used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.{{Cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf |title=L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS |date=2002-03-20 |first1=Michael |last1=Everson|author-link1=Michael Everson|display-authors=etal}}

{{see also|Unicode input|Alt codes}}

Upper and lower case forms of eth have Unicode encodings:

• {{unichar |00D0|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER eth|html=}}
• {{unichar |00F0|LATIN SMALL LETTER eth|html=}}

These Unicode codepoints were inherited from ISO/IEC 8859-1 ("ISO Latin-1") encoding.

• A capital eth is used as the currency symbol for Dogecoin, a cryptocurrency.

• {{Annotated link |African D}}
• D
• {{Annotated link |D with stroke}}
• {{Annotated link |Insular script}}
• T
• {{Annotated link |Thorn (letter)|Thorn}}

{{reflist}}

• {{SOWL}}
• {{citation |last=Pétursson |first=Magnus |year=1971 |title=Étude de la réalisation des consonnes islandaises þ, ð, s, dans la prononciation d'un sujet islandais à partir de la radiocinématographie |trans-title=Study of the realisation of Icelandic consonants þ, ð, s, in the pronunciation of an Icelandic subject from radiocinematography |journal=Phonetica |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=203–216 |doi=10.1159/000259344 |s2cid=145316121 }}

{{commons}}

{{Wiktionary}}

• {{citation |url=http://66.147.242.192/~operinan/2/2.11/index.htm |contribution=Thorn and eth: how to get them right |title=Operinan |publisher=Briem |access-date=2010-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726172725/http://66.147.242.192/~operinan/2/2.11/index.htm |archive-date=2019-07-26 |url-status=dead }}
• {{citation |url=http://www.alvdalen.se/alvdalska/alvdalsk_ortografi.pdf |title=Förslag till en enhetlig stavning för älvdalska |date=February 2007 |language=sv |contribution=Älvdalsk ortografi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206111237/http://www.alvdalen.se/alvdalska/alvdalsk_ortografi.pdf |archive-date=6 February 2007 }}.

{{Latin alphabet|d

}}

{{History of English}}

Category:Faroese language

Category:Gaulish language

Category:Icelandic language

Category:Middle English

Category:Old English

D

D stroke

D stroke

D

Category:English th