voiceless dental fricative

Features of the voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative:

{{fricative}} It does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant.

{{dental}}

{{voiceless}}

{{oral}}

{{central articulation}}

{{pulmonic}}

|-

| {{ill|Valaisan|fr|Valaisan_(langue)}} || cllâf || {{IPA|[θo]}} || 'key' || Limited to {{ill|l'Étivaz|fr|L%27Étivaz_(Vaud)}} (VD), Bourg-Saint-Pierre (VS), and a few other villages.

|-

|colspan=2| Assyrian || ܒܝܬܐ bèṭa || {{IPA|[beːθa]}} || 'house' || Mostly used in the Western, Barwari, Tel Keppe, Batnaya and Alqosh dialects; realized as {{IPAblink|t}} in other varieties.

|-

|colspan=2| Asturian || {{lang|ast|zusmiu|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈθusmju]}} || 'juice' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Avestan || {{lang|ae|𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀‎}} xšaθra || {{IPA|[xʃaθra]}} || 'kingdom' || Ancient dead sacred language.

|-

| colspan="2" | Bashkir

| {{lang|gah-Cyrl|дуҫ / duθ}}

| {{Audio-IPA|Ba-дуҫ.ogg|[duθ]}}

| 'friend'

|-

|colspan=2| Berber || {{lang|ber-Latn|Ṯmaziɣṯ}} || {{IPA|[θmæzɪɣθ]}} || 'Berber (language)'(noun)|| This pronunciation is common in northern Morocco, central Morocco, and northern Algeria.

|-

|colspan=2| Berta ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[θɪ́ŋɑ̀]}} || 'to eat' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Burmese{{Harvcoltxt|Watkins|2001|pp=291–292}} || {{lang|my|သုံး}} / thon: || {{IPA|[θòʊ̯̃]}} || 'three' || Commonly realized as an affricate {{IPAblink|t̪͡θ}}.{{Harvcoltxt|Watkins|2001|p=292}}

|-

|colspan=2| Cornish || {{lang|kw-Latn|eth}} || {{IPA|[ɛθ]}} || 'eight' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Emiliano-Romagnol[http://www.bulgnais.com/fonetica.html Fig. 11 La zeta bolognese] {{in lang|it}} || {{lang|egl|fâza|italic=yes}}||{{IPA|[ˈfaːθɐ]}} || 'face' ||

|-

| English || Most dialects|| thin || {{Audio-IPA|thin-pronunciation-nonlabial-audio.ogg|[θɪn]|help=no}} || 'thin' || See English phonology

|-

| Galician || Most dialects{{Harvcoltxt|Regueira|1996|pp=119–120}} || {{lang|gl|cero|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈθɛɾʊ]}}|| 'zero' || Merges with {{IPA|/s/}} into {{IPAblink|s}} in Western dialects. See Galician phonology

|-

|colspan=2| Greek || {{lang|el|θάλασσα}} || {{IPA|[ˈθalasa]}} || 'sea' || See Modern Greek phonology

|-

|colspan=2| Gweno ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[riθo]}} || 'eye' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Gwich’in || {{lang|gwi-Latn|thał}} || {{IPA|[θaɬ]}} || 'pants' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Halkomelem || {{lang|hur|θqet}} || {{IPA|[θqet]}} || 'tree' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Hän || {{lang|haa-Latn|nihthän}} || {{IPA|[nihθɑn]}} || 'I want' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Harsusi ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[θəroː]}} || 'two' ||

|-

|rowspan=2| Hebrew || Iraqi ||rowspan=2| {{lang|he|עברית|rtl=yes}} || {{IPA|[ʕibˈriːθ]}} ||rowspan=2| 'Hebrew' (language) || rowspan="2" | See Modern Hebrew phonology

|-

| Yemenite || {{IPA|[ʕivˈriːθ]}}

|-

| Hlai || Basadung ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[θsio]}} || 'one' ||

|-

| Italian || Tuscan{{Harvcoltxt|Hall|1944|p=75}} || {{lang|it|i capitani|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[iˌhäɸiˈθäːni]}} || 'the captains' || Intervocalic allophone of {{IPA|/t/}}. See Italian phonology and Tuscan gorgia

|-

|colspan=2| Kabyle || {{lang|kab-Latn|ṯafaṯ}} || {{IPA|[θafaθ]}} || 'light'(noun)||

|-

| Karen || Sgaw || သၢ || {{IPA|[θə˧]}}|| 'three' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Karuk || yiθa || {{IPA|[jiθa]}} || 'one' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Kickapoo || neθwi || {{IPA|[nɛθwi]}} || 'three' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Kwama ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[mɑ̄ˈθíl]}} || 'to laugh' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Leonese || ceru || {{IPA|[θeɾu]}} || 'zero' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Lorediakarkar ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[θar]}} || 'four' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Malay || {{lang|ms|Selasa|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[θəlaθa]}} || 'Tuesday' || Mostly occurs in Arabic loanwords originally containing this sound, but the writing is not distinguished from the Arabic loanwords with the {{IPA|[s]}} sound and this sound must be learned separately by the speakers. See Malay phonology.

|-

|colspan=2| Massa ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[faθ]}} || 'five' ||

|-

|rowspan=2| Occitan || Gascon || macipon || {{IPA|[maθiˈpu]}} || '(male) child' || Limited the sub-dialects of the region of Castillonais, in the Ariège department.

|-

| Vivaro-Alpine || chin || {{IPA|[θĩ]}} || 'dog' || Limited to Vénosc, in the Isère department.

|-

|colspan=2| Old Persian || {{lang|ae|𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹}} xšāyaθiya || {{IPA|[xʃaːjaθija]}} || 'king' || This sound does not occur in modern Persian.

|-

|colspan=2| Saanich || TÁŦES || {{IPA|[teθʔəs]}} || 'eight' ||

|-

| Sardinian || Nuorese || {{lang|sc-Latn|petha}} || {{IPA|[pɛθa]}} || 'meat' ||

|-

| Scottish Gaelic || Tayinloan and Jura || {{lang|gd|sruthan}} || {{IPA|[θɾuʔan]}} || 'stream' || Dialectal allophone of {{IPA|/s̪/}} before {{IPA|/ɾ/}} in certain Argyll dialects.

|-

|colspan=2| Shark Bay ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[θar]}} || 'four' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Shawnee || {{lang|sjw-Latn|nthwi}} || {{IPA|[nθwɪ]}} || 'three' ||

|-

| Sioux || Nakoda || ktusa || {{IPA|[ktũˈθa]}} || 'four' ||

|-

| rowspan=2|Spanish || European{{Harvcoltxt|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=255}} || rowspan=1|{{lang|es|cazar|italic=yes}} || rowspan=1|{{IPA|[käˈθ̪͆äɾ]}}|| rowspan="1" |'to hunt' || rowspan=1|Interdental. See Spanish phonology and Seseo. This sound is not contrastive in the Americas, southern Andalusia or the Canary Islands.''

|-

| Castilian || rowspan=1|{{lang|es|pared}} || rowspan=1|{{IPA|[paˈɾeθ]}}|| rowspan="1" |'wall' || rowspan=1| Word-final, especially in Madrid.{{Harvcoltxt|García Mouton|Molina Martos|2016|p=283–296}}{{Harvcoltxt|Molina Martos|2016|p=347–367}} Corresponds to {{IPA|[ð]}} in standard Spanish.

|-

|colspan=2| Swahili || {{lang|sw|thamini}} || {{IPA|[θɑˈmini]}} || 'value' ||Mostly occurs in Arabic loanwords originally containing this sound.

|-

|colspan=2| Tanacross || {{lang|tcb-Latn|thiit}} || {{IPA|[θiːtʰ]}} || 'embers' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Toda || || {{IPA|[wɨnboθ]}} || 'nine' ||

|-

| colspan="2" |Turkmen

|sen

|{{IPA|[θɛn]}}

|'you'

|Realization of the /z/ phoneme

|-

|rowspan=2| Tutchone || Northern || {{lang|ttm-Latn|tho}} || {{IPA|[θo]}} ||rowspan=2| 'pants' ||

|-

| Southern || {{lang|tce-Latn|thü}} || {{IPA|[θɨ]}} ||

|-

|rowspan=3| Upland Yuman || Havasupai ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[θerap]}} ||rowspan=3| 'five' ||

|-

| Hualapai ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[θarap]}} ||

|-

| Yavapai ||colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[θerapi]}} ||

|-

| Venetian || Eastern dialects || {{lang|vec|çinque|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈθiŋkwe]}} || 'five' || Corresponds to {{IPA|/s/}} in other dialects.

|-

|colspan=2| Wolaytta || {{lang|wal|shiththa|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ɕiθθa]}} || 'flower' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Welsh || {{lang|cy|saith|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[saiθ]}} || 'seven' ||

|-

|colspan=2| Zhuang || {{lang|za|saw|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[θaːu˨˦]}} || 'language' ||

|-

|Zotung

|Standard dialect of Lungngo

|kacciade

|| {{IPA|[kəˈθʲaːðɛ]}} || 'I go'

|Realized as {{IPA|[sʲ]}} and {{IPA|[t]}} in Aikap and other Northern dialects. It can also be voiced depending on the preceding consonant.

|}

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant

|ipa symbol = s̻̪

|ipa symbol2 = s̪̻

|ipa symbol3 = s̟

|imagefile = Voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant.png

|x-sampa= s_m_d

}}

The voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant is the only sibilant fricative in some dialects of Andalusian Spanish. It has no official symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet, though its features would be transcribed {{angbr IPA|s̻̪}} or {{angbr IPA|s̪̻}} (using the {{angbr IPA|◌̻}}, the diacritic marking a laminal consonant, and {{angbr IPA|◌̪}}, the diacritic marking a dental consonant). It is usually represented by an ad-hoc symbol such as {{angbr IPA|s̄}}, {{angbr IPA|θˢ̣}}, or {{angbr IPA|s̟}} (advanced diacritic).

{{Harvcoltxt|Dalbor|1980}} describes this sound as follows: "{{IPA|[s̄]}} is a voiceless, corono-dentoalveolar groove fricative, the so-called s coronal or s plana because of the relatively flat shape of the tongue body.... To this writer, the coronal {{IPA|[s̄]}}, heard throughout Andalusia, should be characterized by such terms as "soft," "fuzzy," or "imprecise," which, as we shall see, brings it quite close to one variety of {{IPA|/θ/}} ... Canfield has referred, quite correctly, in our opinion, to this {{IPA|[s̄]}} as "the lisping coronal-dental," and Amado Alonso remarks how close it is to the post-dental {{IPA|[θ̦]}}, suggesting a combined symbol {{IPA|[θˢ̣]}} to represent it".

Features of the voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant:

{{sibilant}}

• Its place of articulation is denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with a flat tongue against the alveolar ridge and upper teeth.
• It is normally laminal, which means it is pronounced with the blade of the tongue.{{Harvcoltxt|Dalbor|1980|p=9}}

{{voiceless}}

{{oral}}

{{fricative}}

{{pulmonic}}

• Voiced dental fricative
• Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative
• Voiced dental sibilant
• Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant
• Sibilant consonant#Possible combinations
• Pronunciation of English th
• Index of phonetics topics

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{{refend}}

• {{phoible|θ}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20111002023445/http://tx.technion.ac.il/~rc/ Discrimination of Unvoiced Fricatives using Machine Learning Methods]

{{IPA navigation}}

Category:Dental consonants

Category:Fricative consonants

Category:English th

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless oral consonants

Category:Central consonants