expulsion (education)

{{see also|Education in the Republic of Ireland}}

In Ireland, a school must notify the local Educational Welfare Officer before expelling a student; they will then try and find a solution. The student cannot be expelled until twenty days after the educational welfare officer has been notified.{{cite web|url=https://www.tusla.ie/tess/information-for-parents-and-guardians-tess/education-welfare-service/how-does-the-educational-welfare-service-work/|title=How does the Educational Welfare Service work?Tusla - Child and Family Agency|website=www.tusla.ie}}{{cite web|url=https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/education/primary_and_post_primary_education/attendance_and_discipline_in_schools/school_discipline.html|title=School discipline|website=www.citizensinformation.ie}} Under Section 29 of the Education Act 1998 an expelled child's parent(s) may appeal an expulsion to the Secretary General of the Department of Education.{{cite web |title=Appeals against expulsion or suspension for a period or periods totaling not less than 20 school days in a school year |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/19941-appeals-against-expulsion-or-suspension-for-a-period-or-periods-totaling-not-less-than-20-school-days-in-a-school-year/ |website=www.gov.ie |publisher=Department of Education |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en |date=6 October 2020}} The Child and Family Agency (Tusla) may also appeal an expulsion.{{Cite web|url=https://www.into.ie/help-advice/school-leadership/behaviour-and-discipline/suspension-expulsion/|title=Suspension / Expulsion}} If the department upholds the expulsion, a further appeal can be brought to the High Court.{{cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-30916326.html|title=Decision to expel student who brought knife to school subject to High Court challenge|website=www.irishexaminer.com|date=8 April 2019}}{{cite news |last=O'Loughlin |first=Ann |date=April 23, 2020 |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-30995752.html |title=Special-needs teen challenges expulsion after allegedly assaulting teacher with brush |newspaper=Irish Examiner }}{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/high-court/decision-by-school-to-expel-boy-15-ends-up-before-high-court-1.4037881|title=Decision by school to expel boy (15) ends up before High Court|first1=Aodhan|last1=O'Faolain|first2=Ray|last2=Managh|newspaper=The Irish Times}}

In 2017–18, 29 primary school pupils were expelled in Ireland, up from 18 the previous year. In 2015–16, 195 secondary school students were expelled.{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/expelled-at-age-10-he-hasn-t-been-at-school-for-over-a-month-i-m-heartbroken-1.3721092|title=Expelled at age 10: 'He hasn't been at school for over a month. I'm heartbroken'|first=Michelle|last=McBride|newspaper=The Irish Times}}

In New Zealand, exclusion and expulsion are methods for removing a student from a school for misconduct. Both are governed by sections 13 to 19 of the Education Act 1989,{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1989/0080/latest/DLM175959.html|title=Education Act 1989 No 80 (as at 14 May 2019), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}} and the Education Stand Down, Suspension, Exclusion, and Expulsion Rules 1999.{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1999/0202/latest/whole.html|title=Education (Stand-Down, Suspension, Exclusion, and Expulsion) Rules 1999 (SR 1999/202) (as at 18 June 1999) – New Zealand Legislation|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}

The difference between exclusion and expulsion is that students aged under 16 are excluded, while students aged 16 and over are expelled. For students excluded, because they are under the minimum school leaving age, the excluding school is required to find an alternative school for the student to attend, or reinstate the student if another school cannot be found. For students that are expelled, the expelling school is not required to find an alternative school, as the student is over the minimum school leaving age.

Exclusion/expulsion cannot be directly done by the principal. It must be done through suspending the student, and requiring the school's board of trustees, or a standing disciplinary committee of the board, to independently assess whether or not the situation is serious enough to justify exclusion or expulsion of the student.{{cite web | url=http://www.minedu.govt.nz/educationSectors/Schools/SchoolOperations/StanddownsSuspensionsExclusionsExpulsions/EducationStanddownSuspensionExclusionExpulsionRules.aspx | title= New Zealand Ministry of Education - Education (Stand-down, Suspension, Exclusion, and Expulsion) Rules | access-date= 2009-03-05}}

In 2009, exclusions and expulsions rates were 2.41 and 2.01 per thousand students respectively. Students were more likely to be excluded or expelled if they were male, of Maori or Pacific Island descent, and/or attended a school with a low (1–4) socioeconomic decile.{{cite web |url= http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/indicators/main/student-engagement-participation/80346 |title= Stand-downs, suspensions, exclusions and expulsions from school -- Indicators -- Education Counts |publisher= New Zealand Ministry of Education |access-date= 11 January 2012}}

The most common reasons for exclusions and expulsions in 2009 were:{{cite web |url= http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/indicators/data/student-engagement-participation/80379 |title= Exclusions from school -- Indicators -- Education Counts |publisher= New Zealand Ministry of Education |access-date= 11 January 2012}}{{cite web |url= http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/indicators/data/student-engagement-participation/3728 |title= Expulsions from school -- Indicators -- Education Counts |publisher= New Zealand Ministry of Education |access-date= 11 January 2012}}

• Continual disobedience – 41.2% of exclusions/25.3% of expulsions
• Drugs incl. substance abuse – 14.2%/25.8%
• Physical assault on other students – 17.3%/16.8%
• Theft – 4.4%/8.9%
• Verbal assault on staff – 5.0%/2.6%
• Physical assault on staff – 4.5%/1.6%
• Weapons – 2.5%/2.6%
• Vandalism – 1.3%/2.6%
• Alcohol – 1.0%/3.7%
• Verbal assault on other students – 1.1%/0.5%

Arson, sexual harassment, sexual misconduct, and smoking were the other main reasons for exclusion and expulsion recorded.

If a student has been expelled from two schools, then any state school is legally allowed to refuse admittance of that student. Schools on special measures may refuse to admit a student who has been expelled from only one school. Therefore, a student who has been expelled from two schools might be totally removed from the state education system. As a result, it is rare for a pupil to be expelled or permanently excluded in the UK's state sector.

The exclusion of pupils is governed by the Education Act 2002.Chapter 12, A Guide to the Law for School Governors, Community Schools edition. {{ISBN|1-84478-121-6}} / {{ISBN|1-84478-543-2}}. DFES reference GTTLC2004 / DFES-0227-2005. Crown copyright 2004 2006.

The Secretary of State's guidance states that exclusion is a serious step. Exclusion should be used only in response to serious breaches of a school's discipline policy and only after a range of alternative strategies to resolve the pupil's disciplinary problems have been tried and proven to have failed and where allowing the pupil to remain in school would be seriously detrimental to the education or welfare of other pupils and staff, or of the pupil himself or herself.

In practice, a student can usually be subject to permanent exclusion for a total of five disciplinary breaches, for which the student does not have to receive formal warnings. Depending on his or her offence, a child can be excluded from the school system within any range of time after his or her misdeed. Though the teaching staff may recommend a pupil to be expelled, only the headteacher is legally empowered to exclude a student; he or she is not permitted to delegate that power to another person, but if he or she is ill or otherwise unable to perform his or her duties, another staff member may become the acting headteacher and inherit the power to expel students.

When excluding a student, the headteacher must inform the pupil's parents of the duration of the exclusion whether it be temporary or permanent, reasons for exclusion, and the procedures which a parent may take to make an appeal. The headteacher must also inform the local education authority of the circumstances surrounding permanent exclusions, fixed term exclusions exceeding five days, and exclusions which result in a student being unable to take a public examination.

A headteacher might expel a student out for a first or one-off incident of appropriate severity.Improving Behaviour And Attendance Guidance On Exclusion From Schools and Pupil Referral Units, DCSF. September 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-84775-160-7}}. For a single case of one of the following, a pupil can be permanently excluded for:

• A serious act of violence, including actual or threatened violence against a staff member or another student
• Possession of a weapon or any other hazardous item
• A sexual offence, including sexual abuse and assault
• A racially-aggravated offence
• Severe hazing of another student
• A drug offence, usually the supply of a controlled drug to other pupils. Possession of a small amount of a soft drug such as tobacco or cannabis is not normally considered sufficient grounds for expulsion
• Computer hacking

If a student has previous disciplinary records of violating other school rules and regulations, that too could result in expulsion. In these cases, expulsion is used as a final resort if the student has shown no signs of improvement in his or her behaviour despite disciplinary measures, and has failed to respond to a final warning. Some offences which may result in expulsion when repeated persistently include, but is not limited to:

• Defiance and rebellion against authority
• Vandalism
• Bullying
• Lying
• Cheating (including Plagiarism)
• Stealing
• Harassment
• False alarm, setting off a fire alarm when there is no fire or prank calling 999 (the British emergency hotline)
• Gambling
• Terroristic threat
• Discrimination

Pupils who have done nothing wrong to merit expulsion are sometimes expelled if the school does not expect them to achieve sufficiently high grades in external examinations. This illegal policy is known as "off-rolling", and seriously harms the life chances of young people.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-44958372 Government 'complicit in school's illegal exclusion policy'] BBC

The pupil and their parents can appeal to the school governors against the expulsion. If the appeal fails to reinstate the pupil, a further appeal can be made to an appeals board which sits on the behalf of the local education authority.

The parents of an excluded pupil are entitled to appeal against expulsion or an exclusion exceeding five days to a panel of school governors acting as a court.

The panel, which consists of parents and staff and cannot include the headteacher, is not legally able to exclude a pupil or extend a term of exclusion; but it can convert a permanent exclusion to a fixed term one, reduce the length of a fixed-term exclusion, or cancel an exclusion.

The appeal must occur no sooner than six days after and no more than 15 days after the exclusion begins. The panel considers oral, written, or physical evidence from the school detailing the case for expulsion, and from the parents of the excluded pupil. The pupil and their parents may argue that the excluded pupil was not responsible for the act for which they have been excluded, or that the punishment was disproportionate to the offence.

If the appeal to the governors is unsuccessful, an expelled or excluded student and their parents may go to an appeals board. This panel, which is appointed by the local education authority, must be autonomous of the authority, the school, and the parents of the excluded student.

The majority of the appeals that these panels hear are not against exclusions, but are for the admission of pupils into schools. Although the local education authority are in theory obligated to provide education to a pupil under school leaving age Year 11 and below, in practice usually when the pupil is denied access to other schools or the pupil referral unit the local education authority employs techniques such as appointing a single tutor for one lesson a week.

There are a number of projects that provide free legal representation to pupils who are appealing against their permanent exclusions from school. The institution cited in letters detailing the reasons for permanent exclusions is the Coram Children's Legal Centre.{{cite web|url=https://www.childrenslegalcentre.com|title=Coram Children's Legal Centre Home|website=Coram}}

There are voluntary groups who provide trainee lawyers to represent parents at both governing body appeals and independent appeal panels. The City Matrix Chambers School Exclusions Project is one such project.{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ac.uk/about/schools/law/careers/pro-bono-professional/information-for-clients/citymatrix-school-exclusions-project|title=City/Matrix School Exclusions Project|website=City, University of London}}

In the independent sector, a pupil may be permanently excluded at the discretion of the headteacher.

Whereas expulsion from a UK independent school means permanent removal from the school, rustication or suspension usually means removal from the school for a set period, for example, the remainder of the current term.

Managed moves

In 1999, protocols were introduced to reduce the amount of permanent exclusions every year.{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=H.|date=24 April 2020|title=Experiencing young people's views of managed moves|url=https://repository.uel.ac.uk/download/787901bd9215e9b7edcb705149ff60855bd767372f031222bbdc2cd0af25ba95/20310049/2020_DEdPsy_Lee.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}} This involved a process called a ‘managed move’ where schools had the option to transfer a student to another school without a permanent exclusion being written on their record.{{Cite web|last=Hoyle|first=Katherine|date=May 2016|title=Secondary school pupils' experiences of managed moves: An interpretative phenomenological analysis|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/76983313.pdf}} It is usually done on a trial basis where the child can spend 6 to 16 weeks at the new school before integrating. If nothing occurs in between the trial period, the managed move is considered successful.{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=H.|date=2020|title=Understanding young people's experiences of a managed move|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10108645/1/Jones-H_10108645_thesis_contact-removed.pdf}}

Historically, bannimus (Latin: "we banish") was the form of expulsion of any individual from the University of Oxford, by putting the proctorial edict up in some public place, as a denunciation or promulgation of it.{{Cite Cyclopaedia 1728|title=Bannimus|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=turn&id=HistSciTech.Cyclopaedia01&entity=HistSciTech.Cyclopaedia01.p0230&q1=Bannimus|page=80}} It also served to prevent the individual from claiming the cause of expulsion was unknown. Rustication, that is, when a student is sent down or banished from the university for a period of time before being allowed to return and further their education, is more common. The term bannimus is related to bannition, which is the general expulsion of an individual from a university.

{{Synthesis|section|date=August 2021}}

In the United States, expulsion criteria and process vary from state to state. Depending on local school board jurisdiction, approval from that school's local school board may be required before a student can be expelled, as opposed to a suspension, which may require approval from the principal or a school board member, including the superintendent. Students who have been expelled from the school face numerous restrictions, in which they are no longer eligible to attend or visit the school. Like an out-of-school suspension, students who breach an expulsion, which includes visiting the school they have been expelled from, or perform or attend any activity with any students or staff who are active with the school, will be arrested for, and charged with trespassing. Students are usually not expelled for academic violations such as plagiarism that would be punishable in college. However, in some jurisdictions such as California, vulgarity which is not defined anywhere within California law is enough of a reason for a student to be expelled from any school.{{cite web|url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=48900&lawCode=EDC|title=California Education Code § 48900(i)|work=California Office of Legislative Counsel|access-date=2019-03-01}} (Note: California statute has been indirectly invalidated by the Supreme Court in FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. (2012).)

While in the Criminal or Juvenile Justice one has enumerated and unenumerated rights upon accusation, pupils do not have such rights when within an expulsion process. For example, in California, pupils have the following rights:

• Have an expulsion hearing within 30 school days{{cite web|url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=EDC&division=4.&title=2.&part=27.&chapter=6.&article=1.|title=Article 1 of Chapter 6 of Part 27 of Division 4 of Title 2 of the California Education Code|work=California Office of Legislative Counsel|access-date=2019-03-01}}
• To appeal the results of an expulsion hearing
• To remain silent

However, there are rights that pupils do not have during the expulsion process that they would have in a court of law:

• An attorney at no cost to the pupil
• To cross examine any witness{{cite web|url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=48918.|title=California Education Code § 48918(f)(2)|work=California Office of Legislative Counsel|access-date=2019-03-01}}
• For the hearing to be heard by an independent party
• The presumption of innocence
• To be found guilty only when the consensus is beyond a reasonable doubt
• Protection from double jeopardyFifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

A 2001 report from Justice Policy Institute showed that expulsions nearly doubled from 1974 to 1998 despite student victimization rates remaining stable.{{cite book|title=Homeroom Security: School Discipline In An Age of Fear|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzacO6Vl1tQC&pg=PA13|author=Aaron Kupchik|page=15|publisher=New York University Press|location=New York and London|isbn=978-0-8147-4845-9|access-date=2015-03-13|date = 2010-08-01}} Beginning with the Gun-Free School Zones Act, and following the Columbine shooting tragedy, schools have become increasingly willing to suspend or have expelled students for minor behavior offenses.{{cite web|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~safeschl/ztze.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030914210948/http://www.indiana.edu/~safeschl/ztze.pdf|archive-date=2003-09-14|title=Zero tolerance, zero evidence An analysis of school disciplinary practice|author=Russell J. Skiba|url-status=dead|access-date=2013-01-27}} For example, in Maryland during the 2006–2007 school year, while 2% of suspensions were for weapons, 37% were for disrespect, insubordination, or disruption.{{cite web |url = https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/whitepaper2_20080919.pdf|title = Putting kids out of school: What's causing high suspension rates and why they are dangerous to students, schools, and communities.|author1 = Sundius, Jane|author2 = Farneth, Molly|access-date = 2015-09-27}} The Task Force on the Education of Maryland's American Males noted that high suspension and expulsion rates do little more than increase court referrals for minor misbehavior, and those actions put a child on the path toward delinquency or accelerates his journey there.{{cite web |url=http://www.marylandpublicschools.org/NR/rdonlyres/075539F6-8792-462A-BAB6-5074A29705A3/11495/AfricanAmericanMaleTaskForceReportDecember06.pdf |title=Task Force on the Education of Maryland's African-American Males |access-date=2013-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428233323/http://marylandpublicschools.org/NR/rdonlyres/075539F6-8792-462A-BAB6-5074A29705A3/11495/AfricanAmericanMaleTaskForceReportDecember06.pdf |archive-date=2011-04-28 }} These policies are more generally known as zero tolerance.

Students who have been expelled from a building in primary and secondary schools are given an option to attend class at an alternate location. Alternative schools are usually owned by the expelling school district for expelled students to have the option to attend daily lessons. Students have other options, such as homeschooling, boarding schools, private schools, and online courses, such as APEX or K-12. In some states, such as Wisconsin, other public school districts are not required to enroll students who are currently serving a term of expulsion.{{cite web |url=http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/120/I/13/1/f |title=Wisconsin Statutes governing the power of school boards |access-date=2013-12-05}} In some cases, such as permanent expulsion from a district, this type of statutory authority can have the effect of displacing an expelled student from the public education system of an entire state, effectively ending their educational career.{{cite web |url=http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1444&context=twlj |title=EXPELLED TO NOWHERE: SCHOOL EXCLUSION LAWS IN MASSACHUSETTS |format=PDF |access-date=2013-12-05}} When it comes to student discipline, there is a marked difference in procedure between public and private institutions. With public schools, the school must provide the student with constitutional due process protections as public educational institutions operate as an extension of state governments. With private schools, on the other hand, the student can be expelled for any reason so long as the expulsion was not “arbitrary and capricious". Generally, as long as a private school follows the procedures in its student handbook, a court will not view its actions as arbitrary and capricious.{{cite journal|last1=Tenerowicz|first1=Lisa|date=1 May 2001|title=Student Misconduct at Private Colleges and Universities A Roadmap|url=http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2179&context=bclr|journal=Boston College the Review|volume=42|issue=3|page=653|access-date=19 July 2017}} In the absence of constitutional protections, courts generally have required that private school disciplinary proceedings adhere to a fundamental' or basic fairness standard and not be arbitrary or capricious.See, e.g., {{cite web|title=Mahaffey v. William Carey Univ., 180 So.3d 846 (Miss. Ct. App. 2015)|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8330093199603816876|website=Google Scholar|access-date=20 July 2017}}

Some states, like Texas, report expulsion to the juvenile court system - the model in Texas was passed in 1995.

Many celebrities claim to have been expelled from school; however, some may be exaggerating in order to portray a rebellious image, and they may merely have voluntarily withdrawn from a school rather than being formally expelled:

• Banksy claimed to have been expelled, but as his identity is not public knowledge this cannot be confirmed.{{Cite web|date=2003-07-17|title=Simon Hattenstone meets Britain's No 1 graffiti artist, Banksy|url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|access-date=2022-02-20|website=the Guardian|language=en}}
• Cheryl is another; some articles say she was expelled from school twice, others that she was merely suspended twice.{{cite web|url=http://www.putlearningfirst.com/language/12dial/cheryl.html|title=Cheryl Cole|website=www.putlearningfirst.com}}{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/oct/23/cheryl-cole-interview-simon-hattenstone|title=Cheryl Cole: 'I hate this year'|date=October 22, 2010|website=the Guardian}}
• It is sometimes claimed that Willem Dafoe was expelled from Appleton East High School for making pornography, although he actually dropped out when a film he was editing containing nudity was found in the school AV room.{{cite web|url=https://www.postcrescent.com/story/entertainment/2018/01/25/willem-dafoe-talks-appleton-east-high-school-colbert-they-kicked-me-out/1064919001/|title=Willem Dafoe talks Appleton East High School on 'Colbert': 'They kicked me out!'|first=Shane|last=Nyman|website=The Post-Crescent}}
• Amy Winehouse claimed that she was expelled from the Sylvia Young Theatre School, but this was refuted by her old school and by her father.{{cite web |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/a176379/young-we-never-expelled-winehouse/ |title=Young: 'We never expelled Winehouse' |website=Digital Spy|date=8 September 2009 |author=Mayer Nissim|quote="I think she genuinely believed that [she had been expelled], because her mum took her out to go to another school.}}
• Mark Zuckerberg was almost expelled from Harvard University while creating Facebook’s prototype, FaceMash.com. He was charged with breach of security, violating copyrights, violating individual privacy, and a violation of university policy on distribution of digitized images. However, those charges were ultimately dropped.{{cite web|author=Veronika Kero |url=https://www.yahoo.com/now/nearly-being-expelled-harvard-led-152451599.html |title=How nearly being expelled from Harvard led Mark Zuckerberg to meet the 'most important' person he knows |publisher=Yahoo! |date=2019-02-14 |accessdate=2021-12-28}}

Actual expellees include:

• 50 Cent (Curtis Jackson), expelled from Andrew Jackson High School for cocaine possession{{cite web|url=https://atlantablackstar.com/2013/10/07/50-cent-stars-lead-dream-school-high-school-dropouts/|title=50 Cent Leads 'Dream School' Series Targeting High School Dropouts|first=Taylor|last=Gordon|date=October 7, 2013|website=Atlanta Black Star}}
• Ceawlin Thynn, 8th Marquess of Bath, expelled from Bedales School for smoking cannabis.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tatler.com/article/expelled-toffs|title=5 expelled toffs|date=October 28, 2015|website=Tatler}}
• Marc Bolan, expelled from Northwold Primary School for headbutting the deputy headmaster due to a caning{{cite book |last=Bramley |first=John & Shan |title=Marc Bolan: The Legendary Years |publisher=Smith Gryphon Publishers |year=1992 |isbn=1-85685-138-9 |location=London |pages=13–14}}
• Jon Bon Jovi, expelled for hitting a female fellow-student{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bon-jovi-in-the-ussr-bon-voyage-52146/|title=Bon Jovi in the USSR: Bon Voyage|first1=Rob|last1=Tannenbaum|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=February 9, 1989}}
• Liam Brady; claimed to have been expelled for missing a school Gaelic football match to play a schoolboy soccer international, but his school denied this{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xnRUDwAAQBAJ&q=expulsion+%22republic+of+ireland%22+school&pg=PT225|title=A Social and Cultural History of Sport in Ireland|first1=David|last1=Hassan|first2=Richard|last2=McElligott|date=February 2, 2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317326472|via=Google Books}}
• Marlon Brando, expelled from Libertyville High School for riding his motorcycle through the corridors
• Jackie Collins, expelled from Francis Holland School for truancy and smoking; she then threw her school uniform into the Thames{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/20/books/jackie-collins-best-selling-author-of-hollywood-tales-dies-at-77.html|title=Jackie Collins, Best-Selling Novelist of Hollywood, Dies at 77|first=David|last=Stout|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 19, 2015}}{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/obituary-jackie-collins-hollywood-queen-of-raunchy-novels-1.2366593|title=Obituary: Jackie Collins – Hollywood queen of raunchy novels|newspaper=The Irish Times}}
• Dizzee Rascal expelled from five schools for "fighting with teachers, stealing cars, and robbing pizza delivery men"{{Cite web |title=Dizzee Rascal - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp71618/dizzee-rascal-dylan-mills |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}
• Laurence Fox, expelled from Harrow after an "indiscretion" with a girl at a sixth-form ball.
• Stephen Fry, expelled from Uppingham School for poor grades, perpetual mischief and credit card fraud{{Cite news|url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/interviews/27567|title=Stephen Fry on prison, performing, and imperfection|date=June 11, 2024|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/article/2024/jun/16/stephen-fry-treasure-film-lena-dunham-interview|title=Stephen Fry: ‘The Conservatives are what we call in poker a busted flush’|via=The Guardian}}
• Cary Grant, got himself expelled from Fairfield Grammar School deliberately so that he could become an actor{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/1615229.stm|title=Fight to save Cary Grant's school|date=October 23, 2001|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/the-miracle-of-cary-grant-9213323.html|title=The Miracle of Cary Grant|date=August 28, 2001|website=The Independent}}
• Lewis Hamilton, wrongly excluded from The John Henry Newman School when he was identified as being among a group of boys that attacked a fellow student; he appealed and was re-admitted{{cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2007/10/29/hamilton-i-was-expelled-from-school-424602/|title=Hamilton: I was expelled from school|date=October 29, 2007}}
• Max Irons, expelled from Bryanston School for having sex with another student.
• Salma Hayek, expelled from boarding school for playing pranks and dyslexia{{cite web|url=https://www.kidspot.com.au/school/stuff-for-school/school-galleries/celebrities-who-were-expelled-from-school/image-gallery/bd0cbc37d80d2c239b6f5c3f2d41ba13|title=Celebrities who were expelled from school|first=Zoe|last=Meunier|website=www.kidspot.com.au}}
• Jade Jagger, expelled from St Mary's School, Calne for climbing out of a window to meet a boyfriend.
• Courtney Love, claimed to have been expelled from Nelson College for Girls for truancy and smoking{{cite web |last=Hunter-Tilney |first=Ludovic |date=2006-12-15 |title='I've lived a really weird life' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e9c0f708-8bab-11db-a61f-0000779e2340 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=Financial Times}}
• Robert Pattinson, expelled from Tower House School for shoplifting and reselling pornographic magazines at school{{cite web|url=https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/celebrity-news/robert-pattinson-expelled-525555|title=Robert Pattinson Was Once Expelled From School For Doing This|first=Lucy|last=Abbersteen|date=July 27, 2017|website=Marie Claire}}{{cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/rob-pattinson-reveals-why-he-was-expelled-from-school-w494073/|title=Rob Pattinson Reveals Why He Was Expelled From School|date=July 25, 2017}}
• Keanu Reeves, expelled from the Etobicoke School of the Arts for perpetual rowdiness and backtalking{{cite web|url=https://www.looper.com/149643/what-keanu-reeves-was-like-before-all-the-fame/|title=What Keanu Reeves was like before all the fame|first=Jane|last=Harkness|date=April 5, 2019|website=Looper.com}}
• Guy Ritchie, expelled from Stanbridge Earls School for drug use, truancy and fraternizing a girl{{cite web|url=http://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/success-stories/guy-ritchie|title=Guy Ritchie|website=dyslexiahelp.umich.edu}}
• John Lydon, expelled for refusing to cut hair and for his antisocial behaviour{{cite web|url=https://www.rareirishstuff.com/blog/johnny-rotten.5070.html |title=Johnny Rotten |publisher=Rareirishstuff.com |date= |accessdate=2021-12-28}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/highlights/000927_rotten.shtml|title=Rotten World | Arts and Entertainment | BBC World Service|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}
• Noel Gallagher, expelled from The Barlow Roman Catholic High School for throwing a bag of flour at a teacher{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/dec/06/noel-gallagher-oasis|title=Interview: Noel Gallagher talks Oasis past and present|work=The Guardian|date=6 December 2008|access-date=28 June 2009 | location=London | first=Simon | last=Hattenstone}}
• Charlie Sheen, expelled from Santa Monica High School for truancy and poor grades{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/actor/charlie-sheen|title=Charlie Sheen|website=Biography}}
• Frank Sinatra, expelled from A. J. Demarest High School for "general rowdiness"{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=James |title=Frank: The Voice |date=2011 |publisher=Anchor Books |location=New York |isbn=9780767924238 |page=22}}
• Snoop Dogg (Calvin Broadus), claimed to have been expelled from Cleveland Elementary School for gifted children for exposing genitals to a female pupil{{cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/arid-30186171.html|title=Irish Examiner|website=www.irishexaminer.com|date=24 January 2005 }}
• Owen Wilson, expelled from the elite prep school St. Mark's School of Texas for cheating on a test{{cite web|url=https://www.nickiswift.com/78706/untold-truth-owen-wilson/|title=The untold truth of Owen Wilson|first=Carmen|last=Ribecca|date=August 4, 2017|website=NickiSwift.com}}
• Benjamin Zephaniah, expelled from Broadway Academy for dyslexia{{Cite web |title=Benjamin Zephaniah: 'Coppers were standing on my back and I thought: OK, I'm going to die here.' {{!}} Benjamin Zephaniah {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/jul/07/benjamin-zephaniah-coppers-were-standing-on-my-back-and-i-thought-ok-im-going-to-die-here |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}

• Dishonorable discharge
• School dropouts in Latin America
• Rustication (academia)

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Category:School punishments