festive amazon
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Festive amazon
| image = Amazona festiva bodini -Tulsa Zoo-8a.jpg
| image_caption = A. f. bodini
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Amazona
| species = festiva
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)
| synonyms = *Chrysotis chloronota
- Psittacus festivus {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
| range_map =
}}
The festive amazon (Amazona festiva), also known as the festive parrot, is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela. It is associated with forest (especially Várzea) and woodland growing near major rivers. Locally, it is also found in coastal mangroves (primarily in Amapá). There are two subspecies; A. f. festiva and A. f. bodini.
Taxonomy
The festive amazon was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus, in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus and coined the binomial name Psittacus festivus.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=101 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/764493 }} Linnaeus mistakenly specified the type location as "Indies". It was later designated as the Amazon River in Brazil.{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1937 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=3 | publisher=Harvard University Press | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=220 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477935 }} The festive amazon is now one of around thirty species placed in the genus Amazona that was introduced by the French naturalist René Lesson in 1830.{{cite book | last=Lesson | first=René | author-link=René Lesson | year=1831 | title=Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique | volume=1 | language=fr | place=Paris | publisher=F.G. Levrault | page=189 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35997173 }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2022 | title=Parrots, cockatoos | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/parrots/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=19 March 2022 }} The genus name is a Latinized version of the name Amazone used in the 18th century by the Comte de Buffon. The specific epithet festivus is Latin for "festive" or "cheerful".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n44/mode/1up 44], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n159/mode/1up 159]}}
Two subspecies are recognised:
Description
The subspecies bodini has more red to the forecrown and more blue to the face than the nominate. In flight, both subspecies show deep blue outer wings (outer webs of the primaries and the primary coverts) and a red rump, but the latter is reduced in juveniles.
Distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies is found near rivers in the Amazon Basin, while the subspecies bodini, is found near the Orinoco River.
Status
Although it has declined locally, it remains fairly common throughout a large part of its range and can even be seen near cities such as Manaus and Iquitos. Consequently, it was considered to be of least concern by BirdLife International and IUCN, though it was uplisted to vulnerable in 2012, due to models of deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest and its susceptibility to hunting, which predicts that the population will decline rapidly over the next three generations.
Gallery
Amazona festiva-8.jpg|Amazona f. festiva
Amazona festiva in the Amazon jungle.jpg|A. f. festiva in the Amazon Jungle
Amazona festiva -Loro Parque-4c.JPG|At Loro Park.
Amazona festiva bodini -two captive-8a.jpg|A. f. bodini adults have a red back
Amazona festiva bodini -two in aviary-8a.jpg|A. f. bodini in an aviary
References
{{Commons category|Amazona festiva}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Amazon parrots}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q882404}}
Category:Parrots of South America
Category:Birds of the Guiana Shield
Category:Riverine birds of Amazonia
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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