gauntlet track

Gauntlet tracks can be used to provide horizontal clearance to a fixed obstruction adjacent to a track such as a cutting, bridge, or tunnel. Frog gauntlets are also commonly used when a rail line's capacity is increased by the provision of an additional track, but cost or other factors prevent the widening of the bridges. They are typically used for short stretches of track where it is cheaper to provide extra rails than to provide switches and reduce the line to single track. This also eliminates the problem of switch/point failures.

In a frog gauntlet, one rail crosses over a rail on the adjacent track. A frog is used to provide the flangeway for the crossing tracks. The train taking the gauntlet runs over the frog onto the parallel rails, passes through the gauntlet area, and passes over another frog to return to the original line. Since there are no points or other moving parts on a frog gauntlet track, a train operating on one of the tracks cannot be routed onto the other.

Because two trains cannot use the gauntlet at the same time, scheduling and signalling must allow for this restriction. A type of frog gauntlet is common in funicular railways, with gauntlet track along the entire route except for a short doubled section halfway up. Frogs eliminate the need for moving points (which require regular maintenance and can break down) and because both trains are connected by a fixed length of cable there is no risk of a collision occurring as long as a passing loop is provided at the halfway point.

File:QC-CP 20020904-172457 VoiesEnOpposition IlePerry.jpg|Gauntlet track on the approach to the Bordeaux Railway Bridge from Montreal to Laval, Quebec

File:Interlaced-track-with-frog.svg|Where two tracks converge into gauntlet track, they overlap rather than connect.

File:Splot Lodz Warszawska.jpg|Gauntlet track, Łódź Warszawska interlacing, in a narrow road under the tram overpass

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In a point gauntlet track, the rails for the two tracks do not need to cross, so no frog is required. The train taking the gauntlet runs over a set of switch points onto the parallel rails, passes through the gauntlet area, and passes over another set of switch points to return to the original line. This arrangement is used at the Roselle Park station referenced below.

Gauntlet tracks are also often used at weigh scales so that locomotives can bypass the equipment to avoid accidental damage.

At a small number of locations on single track lines in Britain, interlaced loops had been provided where sprung catch points were required because of the steep gradient.{{cite book

|author=D. Stirling

|title=Single Line Operation

|year=2002

|edition=1st

|publisher=The Friends of the National Railway Museum

|location=Leeman Road, York

|isbn=1-872826-13-X

|page=126 }} The points at either end of the loop were set according to the train's direction of travel. Trains running uphill were routed via the loop incorporating the sprung catch point. Trains running downhill used the opposite loop, bypassing the catch point.

File:Gauntlet track at New Jersey Transit Union, NJ Station.jpg|Gauntlet track on Conrail Shared Assets Operation Lehigh Line at New Jersey Transit's Raritan Valley Line Union Station

Union station. Freight trains run on the outer track so as to clear the platform.

File:Waterloo ION gauntlet track.jpg|Ion rapid transit gauntlet track

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Where routes diverge, but it is not practical to locate the physical switch apparatus at the point of divergence (especially on trams, where roads may be in the way), a section of gauntlet track may be provided between where the routes actually diverge and the location of the physical switch.

{{main|Dual gauge}}

An arrangement similar to gauntlet track is sometimes used to allow trains of different gauges to use the same track. In that case, the two interlaced tracks will have different gauges, sometimes sharing one of the rails for a total of three rails when the difference between the track gauges is large enough.

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In Melbourne, broad (1600 mm) and standard dual gauge gauntlet track is located within the passenger yard of Southern Cross station, and in platforms 1 and 2.{{cite web|url=http://www.railgeelong.com/gallery/geelong-line/franklin-street-junction/D608_0845.jpg.html|title=Rail Geelong – Gallery – Gauntlet track at Franklin Street Junction|publisher=www.railgeelong.com|access-date=2008-10-28

}} Those tracks also run on the Regional Rail Link flyover towards South Dynon yards. The northern section of the Upfield line, between the Ford sidings and Somerton, is also dual gauge gauntlet track.{{cite web

|url=http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=infrastructure&line=upfield|title=VICSIG – Infrastructure – Line Data Upfield line|publisher=www.vicsig.net|access-date=2008-10-28}} On the Western standard gauge line from Melbourne towards Adelaide, dual gauge track can be found between the Geelong Harbour and Gheringhap, as well as along the Newport-Sunshine freight line in Melbourne. In Brisbane, standard and narrow (1067 mm) dual gauge gauntlet track is located on platform 2 of Roma Street station.

{{multiple image|align=right

|image1=GemmenicherTunnel03.JPG|width1=200

|image2=Gemmenich-tunnel-interlaced.svg|width2=133

|footer=Gemmenich Tunnel and the route taken by wide loads passing through it

}}

The Gemmenich Tunnel ({{langx|de|Gemmenicher Tunnel|links=no}}, {{langx|fr|Tunnel de Botzelaer|links=no}}) passing under the {{lang|de|Dreiländerpunkt}} (Three country point) has a special track layout to enable the passage of wide military loads. The double-track tunnel has a third set of rails interlaced with one of the normal tracks.{{cite web

| last = Desitter

| first = Alan

| title = German end of the Botzelaer Tunnel

| publisher = Picasa Web Albums

| date = 2007-05-27

| url = http://picasaweb.google.com/alan.desitter/INFRA/photo#5069247836283851234

| access-date = 2008-03-14}} Active points (switches) at each end of the tunnel allow a train to divert along the central track, whilst other trains are blocked by signalling. The third track is rarely in use, so there is no limitation of capacity through the tunnel for standard-sized trains.

Close to where the borders of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands come together, the interlaced tunnel section provides an important connection between Germany and the Belgian harbour at Antwerp. After completing the installation in 1991, trains with an oversize loading gauge were rerouted over this line, and the lightly used (but tunnel-free) secondary line between Stolberg and Welkenraedt (crossing the border at Raeren) was closed to freight traffic. Electric-hauled trains requiring use of the central track will get their power from the right track's (in travelling direction Germany to Belgium) overhead rail, which to that purpose is slightly further off-centre than normal.Railways throughout Europe, [http://www.bueker.net/trainspotting/lines_belgium-germany.php Border lines Belgium – Germany], retrieved 2008-03-14The Brussels Direct Military Railway [http://www.avoe05.dsl.pipex.com/be_montz.htm Aachen West – Montzen – Visé Haut – Tongeren] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026175152/http://www.avoe05.dsl.pipex.com/be_montz.htm |date=2016-10-26 }}, retrieved 2008-03-14

Gauntlet track exists on the Perry Island[https://montreal.ca/en/places/parc-de-lile-perry Île Perry] Canadian Pacific Railway Bridge across the {{langr|fr|Rivière des Prairies}} between Montreal and Laval (Parc subdivision, mile 10.0) because the structure gauge is not sufficiently wide for double track. This bridge is used by freight trains of Canadian Pacific Kansas City, the Quebec Gatineau Railway{{Cite web |url=http://www.gwrr.com/operations/railroads/north_america/quebec_gatineau_railway |title=Quebec Gatineau Railway |access-date=2022-10-26 |archive-date=2011-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606155011/http://www.gwrr.com/operations/railroads/north_america/quebec_gatineau_railway |url-status=dead }} and by the Saint-Jérôme line suburban trains of the {{langr|fr|Réseau de transport métropolitain}}.

The Toronto Streetcar System includes a very short section of gauntlet track on Queen Street East, at Coxwell Avenue.[https://www.google.ca/maps/@43.6664317,-79.3164072,3a,75y,150.41h,43.73t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sZK3tynggX3ooa98hzSVxgQ!2e0!7i13312!8i6656!6m1!1e1 Google Street View image] A loop allowing southbound cars to return northbound on Coxwell Avenue briefly interlaces with the westbound track on Queen Street, due to turning radius limitations. A switch partially within the gauntlet section allows westbound streetcars from Queen Street to transition to the loop curve, and turn right onto Coxwell Avenue, but streetcars already within the loop cannot switch to the westbound Queen Street track.

File:Haparanda-Tornio rail bridge Sep2008.jpg between Sweden and Finland, with guard rails between dual gauge gauntlet track]]

At the border with Sweden where the Torne separates the cities of Tornio, Finland and Haparanda, Sweden, a two-kilometre section of dual gauge track uses a gauntlet configuration because the {{track gauge|1524 mm|lk=on}} gauge used in Finland and {{track gauge|standard gauge|allk=on}} used in Sweden are too close for a common rail to be shared. The link, which opened in 1919 with the completion of the Torne River Railway Bridge, is complemented by a marshalling yard at each end, an arrangement that allows trains from either country to stop in the other for freight to be transferred to trains of the local gauge.{{cite web |url=http://www.alternativefinland.com/the-lyngenfjord-highway-1939/ |title=The Lyngenfjord Highway – 1939 |website=www.alternativefinland.com |access-date=23 January 2021}}{{cite web |url=http://www.resiinalehti.fi/artikkeli/49 |language=fi |title=Tornio–Haaparanta |website=www.resiinalehti.fi |access-date=23 January 2021}}

The Moscow tramway network has only one stretch of gauntlet track remaining in place. The five-track railway line just south of Kursky Terminal is crossed through a narrow tunnel built at the beginning of the 20th century and unsuitable for a two-track tram line. Other similar stretches were removed or re-organised, since according to the standards, gauntlet tracks on tram lines are only permitted as a temporary measure.{{cite document|title=СНиП 2.05.09-90 "Трамвайные и троллейбусные линии"|publisher=State Committee for Construction|year=1990}}

Similar arrangements exist on the approach to Kaliningrad, where {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} track extends from the Polish border with some sections of dual gauge.

The San Francisco cable car system features three areas with gauntlet tracks{{cite web |url=http://www.cablecarmuseum.org/archive/Today/track.html |title=Cable Car Track Map |publisher=San Francisco Cable Car Museum |access-date=13 February 2016}} where the outer rail of the inner track is shared as the inner rail of the outer track for two sections of tracks: on Washington Street{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@37.7946836,-122.4103089,3a,75y,87.48h,69.45t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sTHk_6_wxpva-c3AQqwercA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656 |title=Gauntlet tracks on Washington Street in San Francisco |access-date=14 February 2016}} between Mason Street and Powell Street, on Powell Street{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@37.7956254,-122.4098405,3a,75y,234.68h,79.59t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s3TRGg1XmoHQUWLu6hx0aTw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656 |title=Gauntlet tracks on Powell and Jackson Streets in San Francisco |access-date=14 February 2016}} (north of Washington Street) onto Jackson Street to the point of divergence of the Powell Street lines at Jackson Street and Mason Street, and on Hyde Street{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@37.7948733,-122.4182191,3a,75y,179.72h,74.72t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1svs-33qhdVTu4j6Ns8QQ50g!2e0!7i13312!8i6656 |title=Gauntlet tracks on Hyde Street in San Francisco |access-date=14 February 2016}} between Jackson Street and Washington Street.

File:SMART-Station-Sonoma-County-Airport-gauntlet-track-2016-06-07-173221.jpg]]

Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit uses gauntlet tracks at several stations. The pair of rails closer to the platform provides level boarding with the high-floor passenger trains, while the pair of rails farther away gives freight trains sufficient clearance to pass the platform.{{CA rail schematics}}{{Cite web |title=Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit District Strategic Plan 2019 |url=https://sonomamarintrain.org/sites/default/files/Financial%20Documents/2019%20Strategic%20Plan%20Final-Nov%202019.pdf |access-date=April 22, 2023 |website=Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit}}

Although a monorail cannot strictly speaking have gauntlet track, the nearest equivalent would be when two parallel monorail tracks are too close together to allow two trains to pass. This happens at the southern terminus of the Seattle Center Monorail at the Westlake Center in Downtown Seattle, Washington, where the station was rebuilt in 1988 with the dual tracks only about {{convert|4|ft}} apart in order to allow for a narrower station, which led to a collision in 2005 that suspended monorail service for several months.{{cite news |last=Lindblom |first=Mike |date=November 28, 2005 |title=Monorail collision result of hazard created during 1988 track redesign |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20051128/monorail28m/monorail-collision-result-of-hazard-created-during-1988-track-redesign |newspaper=The Seattle Times |access-date=August 26, 2014}}

• Funicular
• Glossary of rail transport terms
• Railway platform
• Railway platform height

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{{commons category|Gauntlet tracks}}

{{Rail tracks}}

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Category:Permanent way

Category:Railway track layouts