government of Syria

{{Main|Cabinet of Syria|Government ministries of Syria}}

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The 2025 Interim Constitution establishes a presidential system where the president holds executive power and appoints ministers, without a prime minister.{{cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=Syria's new constitution gives sweeping powers, ignores minority rights |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/middle-east/20250314-syria-s-new-constitution-gives-sweeping-powers-ignores-minority-rights |accessdate=15 March 2025 |publisher=rfi}}{{cite web |date=12 March 2025 |title=Syria’s Constitutional Draft Set for Release as Fact-Finding Committee Begins Investigations |url=https://www.watanserb.com/en/2025/03/12/syrias-constitutional-draft-set-for-release-as-fact-finding-committee-begins-investigations/ |accessdate=16 March 2025 |publisher=Watan News}} Under the Interim Constitution, the vice president is a political position in Syria, appointed by the President, who also determines their powers, dismisses them, and accepts their resignations. If the presidency becomes vacant, a vice president assumes the President’s responsibilities.{{Cite web |date=13 March 2025 |title=Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/2025.03.13%20-%20Constitutional%20declaration%20%28English%29.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318030710/https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/2025.03.13%20-%20Constitutional%20declaration%20%28English%29.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2025 |access-date=18 March 2025}}

On 29 March 2025, the Syrian transitional government was announced by Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa at a ceremony at the Presidential Palace in Damascus,{{Cite web |title=نص الإعلان الدستوري لسوريا 2025 |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2025/3/14/2025-نص-الإعلان-الدستوري-لسوريا |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}} in which the new ministers were sworn in and delivered speeches outlining their agendas.{{Cite web |date=29 March 2025 |title=وزراء الحكومة السورية يقدمون خططهم ويؤدون القسم الدستوري |url=https://www.syria.tv/وزراء-الحكومة-السورية-يقدمون-خططهم-ويؤدون-القسم-الدستوري |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Syria TV|language=ar}} The government replaced the Syrian caretaker government, which was formed following the fall of the Assad regime.{{Cite web |title=At protest, Tel Aviv mayor vows to shut down the country if the government ignores a High Court ruling |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-march-29-2025/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}}

{{Main|Legislature of Syria}}

An Interim Legislative Council is expected to be formed to act as Syria's legislature until a new constitution has been adopted.{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/29/syrias-ahmed-al-sharaa-named-president-for-transitional-period |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 January 2025 |archive-date=29 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129200714/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/29/syrias-ahmed-al-sharaa-named-president-for-transitional-period |url-status=live }} Previously, the People's Assembly was Syria's legislature during the Ba'athist period. It has 250 members elected for a four-year term in 15 multi-seat constituencies. The Syrian constitution of 2012 introduced a multi-party system without guaranteed leadership of any political party.{{cite web |title=SANA Syrian News Agency – Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic Approved in Popular Referendum on February 27, 2012, Article 8 |url=http://sana.sy/eng/370/2012/02/28/401178.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014034300/http://sana.sy/eng/370/2012/02/28/401178.htm |archive-date=14 October 2012 |access-date=25 June 2017}} After the collapse of the Assad Regime following successful rebel offensives late 2024, the People's Assembly was suspended on 13 December 2024 by the caretaker authorities and abolished on 29 January 2025.{{Cite web |date=13 December 2024 |title=Syria new leadership suspends constitution, parliament for 3 months |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20241213-syria-new-leadership-suspends-constitution-parliament-for-3-months/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=Middle East Monitor}}

Following the adoption of the 2025 Interim Constitution of Syria a provisional parliament called the People's Assembly was established with the president appointing one third of its members.{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=Syria's new constitution gives sweeping powers, ignores minority rights |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250314-syria-s-new-constitution-gives-sweeping-powers-ignores-minority-rights |access-date=16 March 2025 |publisher=France24}}

{{Main|Judiciary of Syria}}

Syria's judicial branches includes the Supreme Constitutional Court, the Supreme Judicial Council, the Court of Cassation, and the State Security Courts. Islamic jurisprudence is a main source of legislation and Syria's judicial system had elements of Ottoman, French, and Islamic laws. Syria had three levels of courts: courts of first instance, courts of appeals, and the constitutional court, the highest tribunal. Religious courts handle questions of personal and family law.{{Cite web |title=Syria (05/07) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/syria/85051.htm |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722082421/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/syria/85051.htm |url-status=live }}

{{Main|Foreign relations of Syria}}

Syria is a member of the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Arab Monetary Fund, Council of Arab Economic Unity, Customs Cooperation Council, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Food and Agriculture Organization, Group of 24, Group of 77, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Chamber of Commerce, International Development Association, Islamic Development Bank, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Finance Corporation, International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Maritime Organization, Intelsat, Interpol, International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, United Nations, UN Commission on Human Rights, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, Universal Postal Union, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, and World Tourism Organization.

Syria's diplomats last sat on the UN Security Council (as a non-permanent member) in December 2003.

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{{Reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20121014034300/http://sana.sy/eng/370/2012/02/28/401178.htm The Syrian Constitution] accessed 13 November 2012
• {{cite web |title=Government of Syria portal before December 2024 |url=https://egov.sy |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209011859/egov.sy |archive-date=9 December 2024}}
• {{Twitter|syr_republic}}

{{Syria topics}}