grammar book

A grammar book is a book or treatise describing the grammar of one or more languages. In linguistics, such a book is itself frequently referred to as a grammar.

Etymology

Ancient Greek had the term τέκνή γραμματική (téchnē grammatikḗ, 'skill in the use of letters'), which was adapted into Latin as ars grammatica. This term was used in the title of works about writing and language, which came to be known in English as grammar-books or grammars.Andrew Linn, 'English Grammar Writing', in The Handbook of English Linguistics, ed. by Bas Aarts and April McMahon (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006), pp. 72–92.{{rp|72}}

Definition

Although the style and content of grammar-books varies enormously, they generally aim for a fairly systematic and comprehensive survey of one language's phonetics, morphology, syntax and word-formation. Since languages vary across time, space, social groups, genres, and so forth, grammars inevitably cannot represent every single aspect of a language, but usually select a particular variety with a view to a particular readership.{{rp|73–74}}

The readerships of grammars and their needs vary widely. Grammars may be intended for native-speakers of a language or for learners. Many grammars are written for use by children learning a language in a school environment. Many grammars are reference grammars, intended not to be read from beginning to end like a textbook, but to enable readers to check particular details as the need arises. Some grammars are prescriptive, aiming to tell readers how they ought to use language; others are descriptive, aiming to tell readers how language is used in reality. In either case, popular grammars can be enormously influential on language-use.{{rp|73–74}}

History

The earliest known descriptive linguistic writing, leading to early grammar-books, took place in a Sanskrit community in northern India; the best known scholar of that linguistic tradition was Pāṇini, whose works are commonly dated to around the {{BCE|5th century}}.François & Ponsonnet (2013). The earliest known grammar of a Western language is the second-century BCE Art of Grammar attributed to Dionysius Thrax, a grammar of Greek.

Key stages in the history of English grammars include Ælfric of Eynsham's composition around 995 CE of a grammar in Old English based on a compilation of two Latin grammars, Aelius Donatus's Ars maior and Priscian's Institutiones grammaticae. This was intended for use by English-speaking students of Latin, and is the first known grammar of Latin written in a vernacular language, but was arguably also intended to use Latin as a basis for explaining English grammar.Melinda J. Menzer, '[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27712404 Ælfric's English Grammar]', The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 103 (2004), 106-24. A key step in the development of English grammars was the 1586 publication of William Bullokar's published his Pamphlet for Grammar, which used a framework derived from Latin grammars to show how English too had grammatical structures and rules.{{rp|74}} Numerous grammars aimed at foreign learners of English, sometimes written in Latin, were published in the seventeenth century, while the eighteenth saw the emergence of English-language grammars aiming to instruct their Anglophone audiences in what the authors viewed as correct grammar, including an increasingly literate audience of women and children; this trend continued into the early twentieth century.{{rp|74–78}} A key shift in grammar-writing is represented by Charles Carpenter Fries' 1952 The Structure of English, which aimed to give up-to-date, descriptive rather than prescriptive, information on English grammar, and drew on recordings of live speech to inform its claims.{{rp|74}}

List of first printed grammars (1450–1800)

class="wikitable" width="100%"

! Year

! Language

! Author

! Notes

1451

|Latin

|Aelius Donatus

|Donatus' Ars Minor was the first printed book by Johannes Gutenberg.{{cite book |last1=Ingelhart |first1=Louis E. |title=Press and Speech Freedoms in the World, from Antiquity until 1998: A Chronology |date=1998 |publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-30851-2 |page=12 |language=English}}

1471

|Ancient Greek

|Manuel Chrysoloras

|Chrysoloras' Erotemata was the first printed book in greek language.{{cite book |last1=Dondi |first1=Cristina |title=Printing R-evolution and Society 1450-1500: Fifty Years that Changed Europe |date=2020 |publisher=Edizioni Ca' Foscari - Digital Publishing |isbn=978-88-6969-333-5 |pages=279-297 |language=en}}

1489

|Hebrew

|Moses Kimhi

|{{cite book |last1=Waltke |first1=Bruce K. |last2=O'Connor |first2=Michael Patrick |title=An introduction to biblical Hebrew syntax |date=1990 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |location=Winona Lake, Ind |isbn=0931464315 |page=39}}

1492

|Spanish

|Antonio de Nebrija

|Nebrija's Gramática de la lengua castellana is the first printed grammar of a vernacular language.{{cite book |last1=Considine |first1=John |title=Small Dictionaries and Curiosity: Lexicography and Fieldwork in Post-Medieval Europe |date=22 December 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-108793-6 |pages=243-265 |language=en}}

1505

|Andalusi Arabic

|Pedro de Alcalá

|{{cite book |last1=Toomer |first1=G. J. |title=Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-century England |date=1996 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-820291-2 |page=17 |language=en}}

1516

|Italian

|Giovanni Francesco Fortunio

1527

|Biblical Aramaic

|Sebastian Münster

|{{cite book |last1=Gzella |first1=Holger |title=A Cultural History of Aramaic |date=2015 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-28510-1 |page=5 |language=en |chapter=A Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam}}

1530

|French

|John Palsgrave

|{{cite book |last1=Nadeau |first1=Jean-Benoît |last2=Barlow |first2=Julie |title=The Story of French |date=8 January 2008 |publisher=Macmillan + ORM |isbn=978-1-4299-3240-0 |page=73 |language=en}}

1533

|Czech

|Beneš Optát

|{{sfn|Stankiewicz|1984|p=3}}

1534

1536

|{{cite book |last1=Mateus |first1=Maria Helena |last2=d'Andrade |first2=Ernesto |title=The Phonology of Portuguese |date=8 June 2000 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-159050-4 |page=3 |language=en}}

1539

|Hungarian

|János Sylvester

|{{cite book |last1=Baddeley |first1=Susan |last2=Voeste |first2=Anja |title=Orthographies in Early Modern Europe |date=30 July 2012 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-028817-9 |page=338 |language=en}}

1539

|Classical Arabic

|Guillaume Postel

|{{cite book |last1=Loop |first1=Jan |last2=Hamilton |first2=Alastair |last3=Burnett |first3=Charles |title=The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe |date=13 February 2017 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-33862-3 |page=213 |language=en |chapter=The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe}}

1539

|Syriac

|Teseo Ambrogio

| written in collaboration with the Maronite monk Elias ibn Ibrahim.{{cite book |last1=Raheb |first1=Mitri |last2=Lamport |first2=Mark A. |title=The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Christianity in the Middle East |date=2020 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2418-5 |page=290 |language=en}}

1543

|Sicilian

|Claudio Mario d'Arezzo

|{{cite book |last1=Degl’Innocenti |first1=Luca |last2=Richardson |first2=Brian |last3=Sbordoni |first3=Chiara |title=Interactions between Orality and Writing in Early Modern Italian Culture |date=2 March 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-11476-5 |page=29 |language=en}}

1552

|Geʽez

|Mariano Vittorio

|written in collaboration with the ethiopian monk Täsfa Ṣǝyon.{{cite book |last1=Kelly |first1=Samantha |title=Translating faith: Ethiopian pilgrims in Renaissance Rome |date=2024 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674294172 |page=243}}

1558

|Purépecha

|Maturino Gilberti

|Gilberti's Arte de la lengua de Michoacán is first printed grammar of an American indigenous language.{{cite book |last1=Fountain |first1=Catherine |editor1-last=Wichmann |editor1-first=Søren |title=The Languages and Linguistics of Mexico and Northern Central America: A Comprehensive Guide |date=2024 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |isbn=978-3-11-042170-5 |pages=5–32 |chapter=2 Missionary linguistics in Mesoamerica}}

1560

|Quechua

|Domingo de Santo Tomás

|{{cite book |last1=Adelaar |first1=Willem F. H. |title=The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide |date=27 January 2012 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |isbn=978-3-11-025803-5 |pages=1–58 |language=en |chapter=Historical overview: Descriptive and comparative research on South American Indian languages}}

1567

1568

|{{sfn|Stankiewicz|1984|p=35}}

1571

1578

1584

|Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel

1584

|Slovene

|Adam Bohorič

|{{sfn|Stankiewicz|1984|p=98}}

1586

|Church Slavonic

|anonymous

1586

|English

|William Bullokar

1593

|Mixtec

|Antonio de los Reyes

1595

|Tupi

|José de Anchieta

|known by the title Arte de gramática da língua mais usada na costa do Brasil

1603

|Aymara

|Ludovico Bertonio

1604

|Japanese

|João Rodrigues Tçuzu

|known by the title Arte da Lingoa de Iapam{{cite book |last1=Paxman |first1=David B. |title=Voyage into Language: Space and the Linguistic Encounter, 1500–1800 |date=2 March 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-87415-1 |page=47 |language=en}}

1604

|Croatian

|Bartol Kašić

|{{sfn|Stankiewicz|1984|p=77}}

1606

|Mapuche

|Luis de Valdivia

|Valdivia also published in 1607 two other grammars for Allentiac and Millcayac languages.

1610

|Tagalog

|Francisco Blancas de San José

|{{cite journal |last1=Vibar |first1=Arwin |title=Grammar Writing in the Philippines (1610-1904) |journal=Moenia |date=2021 |volume=27 |doi=10.15304/moenia.id6930}}

1612

|Malay

|Albert Cornelius Ruyl

|{{cite book |last1=Zhiri |first1=Oumelbanine Nina |title=Beyond Orientalism: Ahmad ibn Qasim al-Hajari between Europe and North Africa |date=5 September 2023 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-39046-1 |page=152 |language=en}}

1612

|Turkish

|Hieronymus Megiser

|based on manuscript written by Hector von Ernau.{{cite book |last1=Palabıyık |first1=Nil Ö |title=Silent teachers: Turkish books and oriental learning in early modern Europe, 1544-1669 |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0367359782 |page=205 |language=en}}

1614

|Timucua

|Francisco Pareja

|{{cite book |last1=Mithun |first1=Marianne |title=The Languages of Native North America |date=7 June 2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29875-9 |pages=4-5 |language=en}}

1618

|Hiligaynon

|Alonso de Méntrida

1619

1620

1622

1624

|Francesco Rivola

|{{cite book |last1=Considine |first1=John P. |title=Small Dictionaries and Curiosity: Lexicography and Fieldwork in Post-medieval Europe |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-878501-9 |page=244 |language=en}}

1627

|Ilocano

|Francisco Lopez

1636

|Coptic

|Athanasius Kircher

|Kircher's Prodromus Coptus was based on manuscript written by Yuhanna al-Samannudi.{{cite book |last1=Hamilton |first1=Alastair |title=The Copts and the West, 1439-1822: The European Discovery of the Egyptian Church |date=2006 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-928877-9 |page=199-206}}

1637

|Estonian

|Heinrich Stahl

1637

|Mazahua

|Diego de Nágera Yanguas

1638

|Basque

|Arnauld de Oihenart

|{{cite book |last1=Trask |first1=R. L. |title=The History of Basque |date=13 September 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-16756-0 |page=51 |language=en}}

1639

|Persian

|Louis de Dieu

|{{cite book |last1=Bruijn |first1=J. T. P. |title=General Introduction to Persian Literature: History of Persian Literature A, Vol I |date=31 October 2008 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85773-650-5 |page=282 |language=en}}

1640

|Guarani

|Antonio Ruiz de Montoya

1640

|Konkani

|Thomas Stephens

|Stephens' Arte da Lingoa Canarim is the first printed grammar of any Indian language.{{cite book |last1=Neill |first1=Stephen |title=A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707 |date=1984 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54885-4 |page=241 |language=en}}

1643

|Georgian

|Francesco Maria Maggio

1643

|Old English

|Abraham Wheelocke

|A summary of the Old English grammar was included in Wheelocke's edition of Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum {{cite book |last1=Brackmann |first1=Rebecca |title=Old English Scholarship in the Seventeenth Century: Medievalism and National Crisis |date=2023 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-84384-652-9 |page=54 |language=en}}

1644

|Mam

|Diego de Reynoso

1644

|Mochica

|Fernando de la Carrera

1644

|Latvian

|Johans Georgs Rēhehūzens

|{{cite book |last1=Baldi |first1=Philip |title=Linguistic Change and Reconstruction Methodology |date=1 June 2011 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-088609-2 |page=360 |language=en}}

1647

|Bikol

|Andrés de San Agustin

|{{cite book |last1=Lobel |first1=J. W. |title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second Edition) |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1 |pages=771–773 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B0080448542021337 |language=en |chapter=Bikol}}

1649

1651

|{{cite book |last1=Zwartjes |first1=Otto |last2=Troia |first2=Paolo De |title=Missionary Linguistics VI: Missionary Linguistics in Asia. Selected papers from the Tenth International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, Rome, 21–24 March 2018 |date=2021 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-5843-4 |page=202 |language=en}}

1651

|Icelandic

|Runolf Jonsson

|{{cite book |last1=Koerner |first1=E. F. K. |last2=Asher |first2=R. E. |title=Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists |date=28 June 2014 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-4832-9754-5 |page=181}}

1653

|Lithuanian

|Daniel Klein

|{{cite book |last1=Kamusella |first1=T. |title=The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe |date=16 December 2008 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-58347-4 |page=187 |language=en}}

1659

|Kongo

|Giacinto Brusciotto

|{{cite book |last1=Cole |first1=Desmond T. |title=Linguistics in Sub-Saharan Africa |date=21 August 2017 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |isbn=978-3-11-156252-0 |pages=1–29 |language=en |chapter=THE HISTORY OF AFRICAN LINGUISTICS TO 1945}}

1659

|Breton

|Julien Maunoir

1663

|Waray

|Domingo Ezguerra

1666

1667

|{{cite book |last1=Granberry |first1=Julian |last2=Vescelius |first2=Gary |title=Languages of the Pre-Columbian Antilles |date=19 August 2004 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |isbn=978-0-8173-5123-6 |pages=59-62 |language=en}}

1668

|Danish

|Erik Pontoppidan

|{{cite book |last1=Deumert |first1=Ana |last2=Vandenbussche |first2=Wim |title=Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present |date=1 January 2003 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=978-90-272-1856-8 |page=80 |language=en}}

1672

|Tamil

|Philippus Baldaeus

|{{cite book |last1=Lach |first1=Donald F. |title=Asia in the Making of Europe: Vol. 3. A century of advance / Donald F. Lach and Edwin J. Van Kley. Trade, missions, literature. Book 1 |date=1993 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-46753-5 |page=495 |language=en}}

1677

|Irish

|Froinsias Ó Maolmhuaidh

1679

|Sorbian

|Xaver Jakub Ticin

|{{sfn|Stankiewicz|1984|p=61}}

1680

|Cumanagoto

|Francisco de Tauste

1681

|Frisian

|Simon Abbes Gabbema

|A grammar of Frisian was included in the Gabbema's edition of Gysbert Japiks's Friesche Rymlerye{{cite book |last1=Bremmer |first1=Rolf H. |title=Diversions of Galway: Papers on the history of linguistics from ICHoLS V |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-4555-7 |pages=59-72 |language=en |chapter=The First Grammar of Frisian (1681)}}

1683

|Tarahumara

|Tomas de Guadalajara

|{{cite book |last1=Landeros |first1=Rosío del Carmen Molina |title=Gramáticas Jesuíticas del Noroeste Novohispano (Siglos XVII-XVIII) |date=2020 |publisher=Editorial UABC |isbn=978-607-607-477-0 |language=es}}

1686

|Manchu

|Ferdinand Verbiest

|{{cite book |last1=Saarela |first1=Marten Soderblom |title=The Early Modern Travels of Manchu: A Script and Its Study in East Asia and Europe |date=2020 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-5207-1 |page=175 |language=en}}

1689

|Gothic

|George Hickes

|{{cite book |last1=Klein |first1=Jared S. |last2=Ratkus |first2=Arturas |title=Studies in Gothic |date=11 September 2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-889670-8 |page=27 |language=en}}

1690

|Pangasinan

|Andrés Lopez

|{{cite book |last1=Sueiro Justel |first1=Joaqun |title=Missionary Linguistics II / Lingüística misionera II: Orthography and Phonology.Selected papers from the Second International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, São Paulo, 10–13 March 2004 |date=8 December 2005 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-4600-4 |pages=247-272 |language=en |chapter=Análisis del Arte de la lengua Pangasinán (1690) de Fray Andrés López}}

1696

|Swedish

|Nils Tiällmann

|{{cite book |last1=Bandle |first1=Oskar |last2=Elmevik |first2=Lennart |last3=Widmark |first3=Gun |title=The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages |date=2002 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-017149-5 |page=1390 |language=en}}

1696

|Russian

|Heinrich Wilhelm Ludolf

|{{sfn|Stankiewicz|1984|p=113}}

1696

|Chinese

|Martino Martini

|published by Melchisédech Thévenot in his Relations de divers voyages curieux{{cite book |last1=Knight |first1=Sarah |last2=Tilg |first2=Stefan |title=The Oxford Handbook of Neo-Latin |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-994818-5 |page=567 |language=en}}

1697

|Kimbundu

|Pedro Dias

1698

|Amharic

|Hiob Ludolf

|written in collaboration with Abba Gorgoryos.{{cite book |editor1-last=Ben-Tov |editor1-first=Asaph |editor2-last=Loop |editor2-first=Jan |editor3-last=Mulsow |editor3-first=Martin |title=Hiob Ludolf and Johann Michael Wansleben: Oriental Studies, Politics, and History between Gotha and Africa, 1650-1700 |date=2023 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-54819-0 |page=10 |language=en}}

1699

|Kipeá

|Luigi Vincenzo Mamiani

|Mamiani published the only grammar of a non-Tupi language from colonial Brazil;{{cite book |editor1-last=Brown |editor1-first=Keith |editor2-last=Ogilve |editor2-first=Sarah |title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World |date=6 April 2010 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-087775-4 |page=667 |language=en}} see Arte de grammatica da lingua brasilica da naçam kiriri

1699

|Morocosi

|anonymous

|{{cite book |last1=Hernández |first1=Esther |title=Lexicografía hispano-amerindia 1550-1800: Catálogo descriptivo de los vocabularios del español y las lenguas indígenas americanas |date=30 April 2021 |publisher=BOD GmbH DE |isbn=978-84-16922-68-0 |page=168 |language=es}}

1702

|Opata

|Natal Lombardo

1707

|Cornish

|Edward Lhuyd

|A grammar of cornish language was included in Lhuyd's Archæologia Britannica.{{cite book |last1=Koch |first1=John T. |last2=Minard |first2=Antone |title=The Celts: History, Life, and Culture [2 volumes] |date=2012 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=979-8-216-05865-6 |page=430 |language=en}}

1707

|Sinhala

|Johannes Ruell

|{{cite book |last1=Wickremasuriya |first1=Sarathchandra |title=Senarat Paranavitana Commemoration Volume |date=1978 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-64647-6 |pages=283–300 |language=en |chapter=The beginnings of the Sinhalese Printing Press}}

1716

|Albanian

|Francesco Maria da Lecce

1729

|Romansh

|Flaminio da Sale

|{{cite book |last1=Miodunka |first1=Władysław |title=Language and Nation: Material from a Symposium |date=1987 |publisher=Jagiellonian University |isbn=978-83-01-07840-9 |page=41 |language=en}}

1729

|Kapampangan

|Diego Bergaño

|{{cite book |last1=Ridruejo |first1=Emilio |title=Missionary Linguistics/Lingüística misionera: Selected papers from the First International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, Oslo, 13–16 March 2003 |date=31 August 2004 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-4597-7 |pages=179-200 |language=en |chapter=La primitiva tradición gramatical sobre el pampango}}

1729

|Mixe

|Agustín de Quintana

1731

|Otomi

|Francisco Haedo

1732

|Lule

|Antonio Maccioni

1737

|Cahita

|Tomás Basilio

1738

|Sámi

|Pehr Fjellström

|{{cite book |last1=Corráin |first1=Ailbhe Ó |last2=Mathúna |first2=Séamus Mac |title=Minority Languages in Scandinavia, Britain and Ireland |date=1998 |publisher=Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis |isbn=978-91-554-4111-1 |page=25 |language=en}}

1743

|Hindi

|David Mills

|based on manuscript written by Joan Josua Kettler.{{cite book |last1=Zwartjes |first1=Otto |title=Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800 |date=2011 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=978-90-272-4608-0 |page=75 |language=en}}

1743

|Bengali

|Manuel da Assumpção

|{{cite book |last1=Zwartjes |first1=Otto |title=Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800 |date=2011 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=978-90-272-8325-2 |page=58 |language=en}}

1743

|Tepehuan

|Benito Rinaldini

1747

|Huastec

|Carlos de Tapia Zenteno

1750

|Maltese

|Agius de Soldanis

1752

|Totonac

|José Zambrano Bonilla

1753

|Kaqchikel

|Ildefonso Joseph Flores

1760

|Greenlandic

|Paul Egede

|{{cite book |last1=Nowak |first1=Elke |title=Diversions of Galway: Papers on the history of linguistics from ICHoLS V |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-4555-7 |pages=157-168 |language=en |chapter=The Case of Eighteenth Century Descriptions of Greenlandic: How to “Improve” a Language}}

1769

|Chuvash

|anonymous

|{{cite journal |last1=Salmin |first1=Anton Kirillovich |title=FIRST GRAMMARS OF THE LANGUAGES OF PEOPLES OF THE URAL AND VOLGA REGION |journal=Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies |date=27 March 2020 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=124–130 |doi=10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-1-124-130}}

1770

|Negerhollands

|Joachim Melchior Magens

|{{cite book |last1=Bartens |first1=Angela |title=Contact Languages: A Comprehensive Guide |date=26 June 2013 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |isbn=978-1-61451-371-1 |pages=65–158 |language=en |chapter=Creole languages}}

1775

|Mari

|anonymous

1775

|Udmurt

|anonymous

1778

|Scottish Gaelic

|William Shaw

|{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Sharon |title=Reimagining Culture: Histories, Identities and the Gaelic Renaissance |date=15 May 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-18458-7 |page=52 |language=en}}

1778

|Marathi

|anonymous

|{{cite book |last1=Offredi |first1=Mariola |title=The Banyan Tree: Essays in Early Literature in New Indo-Aryan Languages |date=2000 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-277-5 |page=324 |language=en}}

1779

|Neapolitan

|Ferdinando Galiani

|{{cite book |last1=Sanson |first1=Helena L. |title=The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages: Volume 2: Contexts |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80073-0 |pages=237–282 |chapter=The Romance languages in the Renaissance and after}}

1780

|Romanian

|Samuil Micu-Klein

|{{cite book |last1=Lebsanft |first1=Franz |last2=Tacke |first2=Felix |title=Manual of Standardization in the Romance Languages |date=2020 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-045606-6 |page=276}}

1782

|Sardinian

|Matteo Madao

1783

|Piedmontese

|Maurizio Pipino

1787

|Kurdish

|Maurizio Garzoni

|{{cite book |last1=Bajalan |first1=Djene Rhys |last2=Karimi |first2=Sara Zandi |title=Studies in Kurdish History: Empire, Ethnicity and Identity |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-50216-6 |page=34}}

1790

|Sanskrit

|Paulinus of St. Bartholomew

|based on manuscript written by Johann Ernst Hanxleden.{{cite book |last1=Kochhar |first1=Rajesh |title=Sanskrit and the British Empire |date=2021 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-43553-5 |pages=13-14 }}

1790

|Slovak

|Anton Bernolák

|{{sfn|Stankiewicz|1984|p=25}}

1794

|Slavo-Serbian

|Avram Mrazović

|{{sfn|Stankiewicz|1984|p=94}}

1799

|Malayalam

|Robert Drummond

|{{cite book |last1=Andronov |first1=Mikhail Sergeevich |title=A Grammar of the Malayalam Language in Historical Treatment |date=1996 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03811-9 |page=18}}

References

Grammar books

grammar book

Etymology

Definition

History

List of first printed grammars (1450–1800)

See also

Further reading

References