haplogroup E-M132

E-M132/E1a has been found in the remains of one Guanche (1/30) from the Canary Islands, and one Bimbape (1/16) from El Hierro that has been dated to the 10th century CE.{{cite journal |last1=Ordonez |first1=Alejandra C. |display-authors=etal |title=Genetic studies on the prehispanic population buried in Punta Azul cave (El Hierro, Canary Islands) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305440316301686 |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=2017 |volume=78 |page=24 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2016.11.004 |bibcode=2017JArSc..78...20O |issn=0305-4403 |oclc=6937282838 |s2cid=132236368}}

A man from the Koban culture (1/15) of the North Caucasus, which has been dated between the 9th century BCE and the 7th century BCE, carried paternal haplogroup E1a2a1b1b, as well as maternal haplogroup J1b1 or J1c.{{cite journal |last1=Boulygina |first1=Eugenia |display-authors=etal |title=Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the prehistoric Koban culture of the North Caucasus |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |date=June 2020 |volume=31 |page=102357 |doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102357 |url=http://генофонд.рф/wp-content/uploads/1-s2.0-S2352409X20301486-main.pdf |issn=2352-409X |oclc=8579921843 |bibcode=2020JArSR..31j2357B |s2cid=218789467}}

File:Y Hap EM-33.PNG

E-M132 is found most often in West Africa, and today it is especially common in the region of Mali. One study has found haplogroup E-M132 Y-chromosomes in as much as 34% (15/44) of a sample of Malian men, including 2/44 E-M44 and 13/44 E-M33/M132(xE-M44).Peter A. Underhill, Peidong Shen, Alice A. Lin et al., "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations," Nature Genetics, Volume 26, November 2000 In particular, the Dogon people of Mali have been found to carry haplogroup E-M132 with a frequency as high as 45.5% (25/55). This makes it perhaps the most common Y-DNA haplogroup in this population, though haplogroup E-P1 appears to be almost equally frequent among the Dogon (24/55 = 43.6%).{{cite journal|author=Wood, Elizabeth T.|display-authors=etal|title=Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|date=2005|volume=13|issue=7|pages=867–876|url=http://sites.lsa.umich.edu/bis/wp-content/uploads/sites/171/2014/10/Wood-et-al.-2005-EJHG.pdf|access-date=5 June 2017|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408|pmid=15856073|s2cid=20279122|doi-access=free}} ; cf. [https://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/ejhg/journal/v13/n7/extref/5201408x1.gif Appendix A] for population frequencies Another study has found haplogroup E-M132 in 15.6% (44/282) of a pool of seven samples of various ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau.{{cite journal | author = Rosa Alexandra, Ornelas Carolina, Jobling Mark A|display-authors=etal| year = 2007| title = Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau: a multiethnic perspective | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 2007 | issue = 7| page = 124 | doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-124| pmid = 17662131| pmc = 1976131 |doi-access=free }}

Haplogroup E-M132 also has been found in samples obtained from Moroccan Berbers, Sahrawis, Burkina Faso (including E-M33/M132(xE-M44) in 2/20 = 10% Fulbe and 2/37 = 5.4% Rimaibe{{cite journal | author = Cruciani Fulvio, Santolamazza Piero, Shen Peidong|display-authors=etal| year = 2002 | title = A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 70 | issue = 5| pages = 1197–1214 | doi=10.1086/340257| pmid = 11910562 | pmc = 447595 }}), northern Cameroon (including E-M44 in 9/17 = 53% Fulbe and E-M33/M132(xE-M44) in 3/15 = 20% Tali), Senegal (7/139 = 5.0%{{cite journal | author = Semino Ornella, Santachiara-Benerecetti A. Silvana, Falaschi Francesco|display-authors=etal| year = 2002 | title = Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 70 | issue = 1| pages = 265–268 | doi=10.1086/338306| pmid = 11719903 | pmc = 384897 }}), Ghana (1/29 = 3% Ga, 1/32 = 3% Fante), Sudan (including 5/32 = 15.6% Hausa and 3/26 = 11.5% Fulani{{cite journal|author=Hassan, Hisham Y.|display-authors=etal|title=Y‐chromosome variation among Sudanese: Restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|date=2008|volume=137|issue=3|pages=316–323|url=http://docdro.id/e90MDsD|access-date=11 October 2017|doi=10.1002/ajpa.20876|pmid=18618658}}), Egypt (1%-1.4%{{cite journal|author=Luis, Javier R.|display-authors=etal|title=The Levant Versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|date=2004|volume=74|issue=3|pages=532–544|doi=10.1086/382286|pmid=14973781|pmc=1182266}}), Calabria (including both Italian and Albanian inhabitants of the region), Shiite Muslims from Lebanon (3/193 = 1.55%),{{cite journal |last1=Zalloua |first1=Pierre |title=Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events |journal=Am J Hum Genet |date=2008 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=873–882 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020 |pmid=18374297 |pmc=2427286 |ref=Zalloua}} Syrians (2/202 = 1%),{{cite journal |last1=Zalloua |first1=Pierre |title=Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean |journal=Am J Hum Genet |date=2008 |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=633–642 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012 |pmid=18976729 |pmc=2668035 }} Druze from Lebanon (5/363 = 1.3%),[https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Druze?iframe=yresults Druze Y-DNA Project] Maronites from Lebanon (2/200 = 1%),Haber M, Platt DE, Badro DA, Xue Y, El-Sibai M, Bonab MA, Youhanna SC, Saade S, Soria-Hernanz DF, Royyuru A, Wells RS, Tyler-Smith C, Zalloua PA; Genographic Consortium. [https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg2010177 Influences of history, geography, and religion on genetic structure: the Maronites in Lebanon]. Eur J Hum Genet. 2011 Mar;19(3):334-40. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.177. Epub 2010 Dec 1. PMID 21119711; PMCID: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3062011/ PMC3062011]. an Italian (1/67 = 1.5%) from Trentino in northeastern Italy,Vincenza Battaglia, Simona Fornarino, Nadia Al-Zahery et al., "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe," European Journal of Human Genetics (2008), 1 – 11 and Romanians from Constanţa.{{cite journal | author = Bosch E., Calafell F., González-Neira A.|display-authors=etal| year = 2006 | title = Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns | journal = Annals of Human Genetics | volume = 70 | issue = 4| pages = 459–487 | doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x| pmid = 16759179 |s2cid=23156886}}

E-M132 has also been observed among private commercial DNA testers from Switzerland, France, Yemen, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Portugal, Mali, Italy, Ashkenazi Jews and African Americans.[https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-M132/ E-M132]

{{Main|Haplogroup E-M44}}

Haplogroup E-M44 is a subclade of haplogroup E-M132.

{{Main|Haplogroup E-Z958}}

Haplogroup E-Z958 is a subclade of haplogroup E-M132.

{{main|Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups}}

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being, above all, timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• α {{harvnb|Jobling and Tyler-Smith|2000}} and {{harvnb|Kaladjieva|2001}}
• β {{harvnb|Underhill|2000}}
• γ {{harvnb|Hammer|2001}}
• δ {{harvnb|Karafet|2001}}
• ε {{harvnb|Semino|2000}}
• ζ {{harvnb|Su|1999}}
• η {{harvnb|Capelli|2001}}

}}

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 treeKarafet et al. 2008 and subsequent published research.

• E-P147 (P147)
• E-M132 (M132, L633, M33)
• E-M44 (M44)
• E-L96 (L94)
• E-L133 (L133)

{{Wikiquote}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• African admixture in Europe
• Genetic genealogy
• Haplogroup D
• Haplogroup DE
• Haplogroup
• Haplotype
• Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
• Molecular phylogenetics
• Paragroup
• Subclade
• Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
• Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
• Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa

}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• Haplogroup E-L485
• Haplogroup E-M123
• Haplogroup E-M180
• Haplogroup E-M215
• Haplogroup E-M33
• Haplogroup E-M521
• Haplogroup E-M75
• Haplogroup E-M96
• Haplogroup E-P147
• Haplogroup E-P177
• Haplogroup E-P2
• Haplogroup E-V12
• Haplogroup E-V13
• Haplogroup E-V22
• Haplogroup E-V38
• Haplogroup E-M2
• Haplogroup E-V65
• Haplogroup E-V68
• Haplogroup E-Z820
• Haplogroup E-Z827

}}

{{Y-DNA}}

{{Reflist|2}}

{{refbegin|2}}

• {{cite journal |last1=Capelli |first1=Cristian |last2=Wilson |first2=James F. |last3=Richards |first3=Martin |last4=Stumpf |first4=Michael P.H. |last5=Gratrix |first5=Fiona |display-authors=4 |title=A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=February 2001 |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=432–443 |doi=10.1086/318205 |pmid=11170891 |pmc=1235276 |ref={{harvid|Capelli|2001}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Hammer |first1=Michael F. |last2=Karafet |first2=Tatiana M. |last3=Redd |first3=Alan J. |last4=Jarjanazi |first4=Hamdi |last5=Santachiara-Benerecetti |first5=Silvana |display-authors=4 |title=Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |date=1 July 2001 |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=1189–1203 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906 |pmid=11420360 |ref={{harvid|Hammer|2001}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{citation |last1=Jobling |year=2000 |doi=10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6 |title=New uses for new haplotypes |first1=Mark A. |last2=Tyler-Smith |first2=Chris |journal=Trends in Genetics |volume=16 |issue=8 |pages=356–62 |pmid=10904265 |ref={{harvid|Jobling and Tyler-Smith|2000}}}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Kaladjieva |first1=Luba |last2=Calafell |first2=Francesc |last3=Jobling |first3=Mark A |last4=Angelicheva |first4=Dora |last5=de Knijff |first5=Peter |display-authors=4 |title=Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |date=February 2001 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=97–104 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597 |pmid=11313742 |s2cid=21432405 |ref={{harvid|Kaladjieva|2001}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Karafet |first1=Tatiana |last2=Xu |first2=Liping |last3=Du |first3=Ruofu |last4=Wang |first4=William |last5=Feng |first5=Shi |display-authors=4 |title=Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=September 2001 |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=615–628 |doi=10.1086/323299 |pmid=11481588 |pmc=1235490 |ref={{harvid|Karafet|2001}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{citation |last1=Semino |year=2000 |doi=10.1126/science.290.5494.1155 |title=The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective |first1=O. |journal=Science |volume=290 |issue=5494 |pages=1155–9 |pmid=11073453 |last2=Passarino |first2=G |last3=Oefner |first3=PJ |last4=Lin |first4=AA |last5=Arbuzova |first5=S |display-authors=4 |last6=Beckman |bibcode=2000Sci...290.1155S |ref={{harvid|Semino|2000}}}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Su |first1=Bing |last2=Xiao |first2=Junhua |last3=Underhill |first3=Peter |last4=Deka |first4=Ranjan |last5=Zhang |first5=Weiling |display-authors=4 |title=Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=December 1999 |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=1718–1724 |doi=10.1086/302680 |pmid=10577926 |pmc=1288383 |ref={{harvid|Su|1999}}|doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Underhill |first1=Peter A. |last2=Shen |first2=Peidong |last3=Lin |first3=Alice A. |last4=Jin |first4=Li |last5=Passarino |first5=Giuseppe |display-authors=4 |title=Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations |journal=Nature Genetics |date=November 2000 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=358–361 |doi=10.1038/81685 |pmid=11062480 |s2cid=12893406 |ref={{harvid|Underhill|2000}}}}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpE08.html Y-DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2008]
• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141217085811/http://e1b1.org/ E1b1.org – International Y-DNA project of Haplogroup E1b1 and its Subclades]}}

E